三代

Chinese

		three	dynasty; generation
simp. and trad. (三代)		三	代

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): sāndài

  (Zhuyin): ㄙㄢ ㄉㄞˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): saam¹ doi⁶

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: sāndài
    • Zhuyin: ㄙㄢ ㄉㄞˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: sandài
    • Wade–Giles: san¹-tai⁴
    • Yale: sān-dài
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sanday
    • Palladius: саньдай (sanʹdaj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sän⁵⁵ taɪ̯⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: saam¹ doi⁶
    • Yale: sāam doih
    • Cantonese Pinyin: saam¹ doi⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: sam¹ doi⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /saːm⁵⁵ tɔːi̯²²/

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• Middle Chinese: sam dojH

Rime
Character	三	代
Reading #	1/2	1/1
Initial (聲)	心 (16)	定 (7)
Final (韻)	談 (143)	咍 (41)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	I
Fanqie	蘇甘切	徒耐切
Baxter	sam	dojH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/sɑm/	/dʌiH/
Pan Wuyun	/sɑm/	/dəiH/
Shao Rongfen	/sɑm/	/dɒiH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/sam/	/dəjH/
Li Rong	/sɑm/	/dᴀiH/
Wang Li	/sɑm/	/dɒiH/
Bernhard Karlgren	/sɑm/	/dʱɑ̆iH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	sān	dài
Expected Cantonese Reflex	saam1	doi6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*s.rum  lˤək-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*suːm  l'ɯːɡs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	三	代
Reading #	1/2	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	sān	dài
Middle Chinese	‹ sam ›	‹ dojH ›
Old Chinese	/*s.rum/ (*s.r- > s-; infl. by 四 *s-?)	/*lˁək-s/
English	three	replace
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	三	代
Reading #	1/2	1/1
No.	10963	14963
Phonetic component	三	弋
Rime group	侵	代
Rime subdivision	3	0
Corresponding MC rime	三	代
Old Chinese	/*suːm/	/*l'ɯːɡs/

Proper noun

三代

1. (historical) the Three Dynasties: a collective name for the pre-imperial dynasties of Xia, Shang and Zhou

   • 自三代以下者，天下何其囂囂也？ [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     自三代以下者，天下何其嚣嚣也？ [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Zhuangzi, circa 3^rd – 2^nd centuries BCE

     Zì sāndài yǐxià zhě, tiānxià hé qí xiāoxiāo yě? [Pinyin]

     From the Three Dynasties up to now, how full of commotion the world has been!

See also

Dynasties (朝代) in Chinese history
Name	Time period	Divisions
Xia 夏 (～朝, ～代)	2070 – 1600 BCE
Shang 商 (～朝, ～代) 殷 (～朝, ～代)	1600 – 1046 BCE
Zhou 周 (～朝, ～代)	1046 – 256 BCE	Western Zhou 西周
		Eastern Zhou 東周／东周	Spring and Autumn period 春秋
			Warring States period 戰國／战国
Qin 秦 (～朝, ～代)	221 – 206 BCE
Han 漢／汉 (～朝, ～代)	206 BCE – 220 C.E.	Western Han 西漢／西汉
		Xin 新 (～朝)
		Eastern Han 東漢／东汉
Three Kingdoms 三國／三国	220 – 280 C.E.	Wei 魏
		Shu Han 蜀漢／蜀汉
		Wu 吳／吴
Jin 晉／晋 (～朝, ～代)	265 – 420 C.E.	Western Jin 西晉／西晋
		Eastern Jin 東晉／东晋
Southern and Northern dynasties 南北朝	420 – 589 C.E.	Northern dynasties 北朝	Northern Wei 北魏
			Western Wei 西魏
			Eastern Wei 東魏／东魏
			Northern Zhou 北周
			Northern Qi 北齊／北齐
		Southern dynasties 南朝	Liu Song 劉宋／刘宋
			Southern Qi 南齊／南齐
			Liang 梁 (～朝, ～代)
			Chen 陳／陈 (～朝, ～代)
Sui 隋 (～朝, ～代)	581 – 618 C.E.
Tang 唐 (～朝, ～代)	618 – 907 C.E.
Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms 五代十國／五代十国	907 – 960 C.E.
Liao 遼／辽 (～朝, ～代)	907 – 1125 C.E.
Song 宋 (～朝, ～代)	960 – 1279 C.E.	Northern Song 北宋
		Southern Song 南宋
Western Xia 西夏	1038 – 1227 C.E.
Jin 金 (～朝, ～代)	1115 – 1234 C.E.
Western Liao 西遼／西辽	1124 – 1218 C.E.
Yuan 元 (～朝, ～代)	1271 – 1368 C.E.
Ming 明 (～朝, ～代)	1368 – 1644 C.E.
Qing 清 (～朝, ～代)	1636 – 1912 C.E.

Noun

三代

1. three generations (of a family)
2. great-grandfather, grandfather and father

Derived terms

• 三代同堂