以下

Chinese

		to use; according to; so as to to use; according to; so as to; in order to; by; with; because; Israel (abbrev.)	under; next; lower under; next; lower; below; underneath; down(wards); to go down; latter
trad. (以下)		以	下
simp. #(以下)		以	下
alternative forms		已下 obsolete

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): yǐxià

  (Zhuyin): ㄧˇ ㄒㄧㄚˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): ji⁵ haa⁶
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): yî-ha
• Northern Min (KCR): ǐ-à
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): í-hǎ / í-hā / í-hēe / í-ě / í-ē / í-ēe

  (Teochew, Peng'im): in² ê⁶

• Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): i³ xia⁵

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yǐxià
    • Zhuyin: ㄧˇ ㄒㄧㄚˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yǐsià
    • Wade–Giles: i³-hsia⁴
    • Yale: yǐ-syà
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yiishiah
    • Palladius: ися (isja)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /i²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi̯ä⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: ji⁵ haa⁶
    • Yale: yíh hah
    • Cantonese Pinyin: ji⁵ haa⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: yi⁵ ha⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jiː¹³ haː²²/
• Hakka
  • (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yî-ha
    • Hakka Romanization System: i^ˊ ha
    • Hagfa Pinyim: yi¹ ha⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /i²⁴⁻¹¹ ha⁵⁵/
  • (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yî-ha
    • Hakka Romanization System: (r)i^ˊ ha
    • Hagfa Pinyim: yi¹ ha⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /(j)i²⁴⁻¹¹ ha⁵⁵/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ǐ-à
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /i²¹ a⁴²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: í-hǎ
    • Tâi-lô: í-hǎ
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /i⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ha²²/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: í-hā
    • Tâi-lô: í-hā
    • Phofsit Daibuun: y'ha
    • IPA (Taipei): /i⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ha³³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /i⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ha³³/
    • IPA (Xiamen): /i⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ha²²/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: í-hēe
    • Tâi-lô: í-hēe
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /i⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hɛ²²/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: í-ě
    • Tâi-lô: í-ě
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /i⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ e²²/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: í-ē
    • Tâi-lô: í-ē
    • Phofsit Daibuun: ye
    • IPA (Xiamen): /i⁵³⁻⁴⁴ e²²/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: í-ēe
    • Tâi-lô: í-ēe
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /i⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɛ²²/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: in² ê⁶
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: íⁿ ĕ
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ĩ⁵²⁻³⁵ e³⁵/
• Xiang
  • (Changsha)
    • Wiktionary: i³ xia⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /i⁴¹ ɕi̯a̠²¹⁻¹¹/

Noun

以下

1. below; under
2. the following; as follows; hereinafter

Antonyms

• 以上 (yǐshàng)

Derived terms

• 自鄶以下 / 自郐以下

 

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (以下):

• → Japanese: 以下(いか) (ika)
• → Korean: 이하(以下) (iha)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
以	下
い Grade: 4	か Grade: 1
on'yomi

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) いか [íꜜkà] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [ika̠]

Noun

以(い)下(か) • (ika) 

1. less than; at most, not more than, not exceeding
   • 1950, 久坂葉子, 落ちてゆく世界:

     「雪(ゆき)ちゃん、おばさん今日(きょう)から一日(いちにち)を五十(ごじゅう)円(えん)以下(いか)で済(す)まそうと思(おも)ってるのよ。

     “Yukichan, obasan kyō kara ichinichi o go jū en ika de sumasō to omotteru no yo.

     Yuki, starting today your grandma has decided to spend no more than 50 yen per day, okay?

2. the following; "the [something] below" (such as text or a diagram)
   • 1918, 芥川龍之介, あの頃の自分の事:

     以下(いか)は小説(しょうせつ)と呼(よ)ぶ種類(しゅるい)のものではないかも知(し)れない。

     Ika wa shōsetsu to yobu shurui no mono de wa nai kamoshirenai.

     What follows may perhaps not be considered any type of novel.

3. less than; of lower status

   ゴミ以下(いか)

   gomi ika

   lower than trash

Antonyms

• 以上(いじょう) (ijō)

See also

• 未満(みまん) (miman)