三時

Chinese

		three	o'clock; time; when o'clock; time; when; hour; season; period
trad. (三時)		三	時
simp. (三时)		三	时

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): sānshí

  (Zhuyin): ㄙㄢ ㄕˊ

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: sānshí
    • Zhuyin: ㄙㄢ ㄕˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: sanshíh
    • Wade–Giles: san¹-shih²
    • Yale: sān-shŕ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sanshyr
    • Palladius: саньши (sanʹši)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sän⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩³⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: sam dzyi

Rime
Character	三	時
Reading #	1/2	1/1
Initial (聲)	心 (16)	常 (25)
Final (韻)	談 (143)	之 (19)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	III
Fanqie	蘇甘切	市之切
Baxter	sam	dzyi
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/sɑm/	/d͡ʑɨ/
Pan Wuyun	/sɑm/	/d͡ʑɨ/
Shao Rongfen	/sɑm/	/d͡ʑie/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/sam/	/d͡ʑɨ/
Li Rong	/sɑm/	/ʑiə/
Wang Li	/sɑm/	/ʑĭə/
Bernhard Karlgren	/sɑm/	/ʑi/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	sān	chí
Expected Cantonese Reflex	saam1	si4

Noun

三時

1. spring, summer and autumn ^UK / fall ^US (the farming seasons)
2. (literary) morning, midday and evening; time during which people are normally awake

   • 殺氣三時作陣雲，寒聲一夜傳刁斗。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     杀气三时作阵云，寒声一夜传刁斗。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: c. 738, Gao Shi (高適),《燕歌行》, translated by Wang Yushu

     Shāqì sānshí zuò zhènyún, hán shēng yīyè chuán diāodǒu. [Pinyin]

     All day long, circumstance threatening death o’erhung like cloud;
     All night long, rang the copper vessel with trembling sound loud.

3. (Buddhism) the three epochs: 正法 (zhèngfǎ, “the age of legitimacy”) , 像法 (xiàngfǎ, “the age of imitation”) and 末法 (mòfǎ, “the age of decadence”)

Further reading

• Ding, Fubao (丁福保) (1922), “三時” in 佛學大辭典 [A Dictionary of Chinese Buddhist Terms].

Japanese

Kanji in this term
三	時
さん Grade: 1	じ Grade: 2
on'yomi

Alternative spelling
3時

Etymology

From 三(さん) (san, “three”) + 時(じ) (ji, “o'clock”).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) さんじ [sáꜜǹjì] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [sã̠ɲ̟d͡ʑi]

Noun

三(さん)時(じ) • (san-ji) 

1. three o'clock

Derived terms

• 三(さん)時(じ)のお八(や)つ (sanji no oyatsu, “afternoon refreshment; afternoon tea”)
• 御(お)三(さん)時(じ) (osanji, “three-o'clock snack”)

See also

Japanese number-counter combinations for 時(じ) (ji)
0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	What time?
零(れい)時(じ) (reiji)	一(いち)時(じ) (ichiji)	二(に)時(じ) (niji)	三(さん)時(じ) (sanji)	四(よ)時(じ) (yoji)	五(ご)時(じ) (goji)	六(ろく)時(じ) (rokuji)	七(しち)時(じ) (shichiji) 七(なな)時(じ) (nanaji)	八(はち)時(じ) (hachiji)	九(く)時(じ) (kuji)	十(じゅう)時(じ) (jūji)	十(じゅう)一(いち)時(じ) (jūichiji)	十(じゅう)二(に)時(じ) (jūniji)	何(なん)時(じ) (nanji)