三時

Chinese

		three	o'clock; time; when o'clock; time; when; hour; season; period
trad. (三時)		三	時
simp. (三时)		三	时

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): sānshí

  (Zhuyin): ㄙㄢ ㄕˊ

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: sānshí
    • Zhuyin: ㄙㄢ ㄕˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: sanshíh
    • Wade–Giles: san¹-shih²
    • Yale: sān-shŕ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sanshyr
    • Palladius: саньши (sanʹši)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sän⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩³⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: sam dzyi

Rime
Character	三	時
Reading #	1/2	1/1
Initial (聲)	心 (16)	常 (25)
Final (韻)	談 (143)	之 (19)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	III
Fanqie	蘇甘切	市之切
Baxter	sam	dzyi
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/sɑm/	/d͡ʑɨ/
Pan Wuyun	/sɑm/	/d͡ʑɨ/
Shao Rongfen	/sɑm/	/d͡ʑie/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/sam/	/d͡ʑɨ/
Li Rong	/sɑm/	/ʑiə/
Wang Li	/sɑm/	/ʑĭə/
Bernhard Karlgren	/sɑm/	/ʑi/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	sān	chí
Expected Cantonese Reflex	saam1	si4

Noun

三時

1. spring, summer and autumn ^UK / fall ^US (the farming seasons)

   • 三時告災，上有憂色，構巧詞以悅之。 [Literary Chinese, trad.]
     三时告灾，上有忧色，构巧词以悦之。 [Literary Chinese, simp.]

     From: c. 989, 王禹偁 (Wang Yucheng),《待漏院記》

     Sānshí gào zāi, shàng yǒu yōusè, gòu qiǎo cí yǐ yuè zhī. [Pinyin]

     Natural calamities in the three farming seasons are reported and the emperor looks unhappy. I shall invent something to please him.

2. (literary) morning, midday and evening; time during which people are normally awake

   • 殺氣三時作陣雲，寒聲一夜傳刁斗。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     杀气三时作阵云，寒声一夜传刁斗。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: c. 738, 高適 (Gao Shi),《燕歌行》, translated by Wang Yushu

     Shāqì sānshí zuò zhènyún, hán shēng yīyè chuán diāodǒu. [Pinyin]

     All day long, circumstance threatening death o’erhung like cloud;
     All night long, rang the copper vessel with trembling sound loud.

3. (Buddhism) the three epochs: 正法 (zhèngfǎ, “the age of legitimacy”) , 像法 (xiàngfǎ, “the age of imitation”) and 末法 (mòfǎ, “the age of decadence”)

Further reading

• Ding, Fubao (丁福保) (1922), “三時” in 佛學大辭典 [A Dictionary of Chinese Buddhist Terms].

Japanese

Kanji in this term
三	時
さん Grade: 1	じ Grade: 2
on'yomi

Alternative spelling
3時

Etymology

From 三(さん) (san, “three”) + 時(じ) (ji, “o'clock”).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) さんじ [sáꜜǹjì] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [sã̠ɲ̟d͡ʑi]

Noun

三(さん)時(じ) • (san-ji) 

1. three o'clock

Derived terms

• 三(さん)時(じ)のお八(や)つ (sanji no oyatsu, “afternoon refreshment; afternoon tea”)
• 御(お)三(さん)時(じ) (osanji, “three-o'clock snack”)

See also

Japanese counter/suffix: 時 (じ, ji, "o'clock")
Number	Kanji	Kana	Romaji
1	一時	いちじ	ichiji
2	二時	にじ	niji
3	三時	さんじ	sanji
4	四時	よじ	yoji
5	五時	ごじ	goji
6	六時	ろくじ	rokuji
7	七時	しちじ、ななじ	shichiji, nanaji
8	八時	はちじ	hachiji
9	九時	くじ	kuji
10	十時	じゅうじ	jūji
11	十一時	じゅういちじ	jūichiji
12	十二時	じゅうにじ	jūniji
0	零時	れいじ、ゼロじ	reiji, zeroji
?	何時	なんじ	nanji