悅

See also: 悦 and 恱

悅	U+6085, 悅 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6085

← 悄
[U+6084]

CJK Unified Ideographs

悆 →
[U+6086]

Translingual

Han character

悅 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+7, 10 strokes, cangjie input 心金口山 (PCRU), four-corner 9801₆, composition ⿰忄兌)

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 386, character 26
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10629
Dae Jaweon: page 718, character 26
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): not present, would follow volume 4, page 2306, character 15
Unihan data for U+6085

Chinese

trad.		悅/悦
simp.		悦
alternative forms		恱說／说兌／兑

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (兌) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
毤	*l̥ʰoːds
蛻	l'oːds, l̥ʰoːds, hljods, lod, *lod
娧	l̥ʰoːds, lod
駾	*l̥ʰoːds
裞	l̥ʰoːds, hljods
兌	*l'oːds
綐	*l'oːds
銳	l'oːds, lods
帨	stʰods, hljods
稅	*hljods
說	hljods, hljod, *lod
涚	*hljods
䫄	*rtʰoːd
脫	l̥ʰoːd, l'oːd
侻	*l̥ʰoːd
挩	l̥ʰoːd, l'oːd
莌	l̥ʰoːd, l'oːd
梲	l̥ʰoːd, ʔljod, *l̥ʰuːd
鮵	*l'oːd
敓	*l'oːd
痥	*l'oːd
悅	lod, lod
閱	*lod

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *lod, *lod) : semantic 忄 (“heart”) + phonetic 兌 (OC *l'oːds).

Often written as 說 in pre-Qin texts.

Etymology

STEDT compares it to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g/s-lwat (“free; release; slip; dislocate”). Cognate with 愉 (OC *lo, “happy; pleased”), 說 (OC *hljods, “to speak; to explain”), 脫 (OC *l̥ʰoːd, *l'oːd, “to take off (clothes); to escape”), 偷 (OC *l̥ʰoː, “to steal”).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): yuè (yue⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄩㄝˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): jyut⁶
Eastern Min (BUC): iŏk
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): iat / ia̍t / oa̍t

(Teochew, Peng'im): ruag⁸ / ruêg⁸ / ruah⁸

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yuè
  - Zhuyin: ㄩㄝˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yuè
  - Wade–Giles: yüeh⁴
  - Yale: ywè
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yueh
  - Palladius: юэ (jue)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɥɛ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: jyut⁶
  - Yale: yuht
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jyt⁹
  - Guangdong Romanization: yud⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jyːt̚²/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: iŏk
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /yoʔ⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iat
  - Tâi-lô: iat
  - Phofsit Daibuun: iad
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /iɛt̚⁵/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ia̍t
  - Tâi-lô: ia̍t
  - Phofsit Daibuun: iat
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /iɛt̚¹²¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /iɛt̚⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: oa̍t
  - Tâi-lô: ua̍t
  - Phofsit Daibuun: oat
  - IPA (Xiamen): /uat̚⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /uat̚¹²¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /uat̚²⁴/

Note:

iat/ia̍t - vernacular;
oa̍t - literary.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: ruag⁸ / ruêg⁸ / ruah⁸
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: jua̍k / jue̍k / jua̍h
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /d͡zuak̚⁴/, /d͡zuek̚⁴/, /d͡zuaʔ⁴/

Note:

ruag8 - Shantou;
ruêg8 - Chaozhou;
ruah8 - used in 相悅.

Middle Chinese: ywet

Rime
Character	悅
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	以 (36)
Final (韻)	薛 (82)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	弋雪切
Baxter	ywet
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/jiuᴇt̚/
Pan Wuyun	/jʷiɛt̚/
Shao Rongfen	/juæt̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/jwiat̚/
Li Rong	/iuɛt̚/
Wang Li	/jĭuɛt̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/i̯wɛt̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yuè
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jyut⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*lot/

(Zhengzhang): /*lod/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	悅
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yuè
Middle Chinese	‹ ywet ›
Old Chinese	/*lot/
English	pleased
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	悅	悅
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	2573	2575
Phonetic component	兑	兑
Rime group	月	月
Rime subdivision	3	3
Corresponding MC rime	悅	悅
Old Chinese	/*lod/	/*lod/

Definitions

悅

pleased; contented; gratified
- 秦伯說，與鄭人盟。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  秦伯说，与郑人盟。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4^th century BCE
  Qín bó yuè, yǔ Zhèng rén méng. [Pinyin]
  The earl of Qin was pleased, and made a covenant with the people of Zheng.
- 取之而燕民悅，則取之。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  取之而燕民悦，则取之。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Mencius, c. 4^th century BCE
  Qǔ zhī ér Yàn mín yuè, zé qǔ zhī. [Pinyin]
  If the people of Yan will be pleased with your taking possession of it, then do so.
to be pleasing to
悅目／悦目 ― yuèmù ― pleasing to the eye

悅耳／悦耳 ― yuè'ěr ― pleasant-sounding
to like; to love
- 平公說新聲。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  平公说新声。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Guoyu, circa 4^th century BCE
  Píng Gōng yuè xīn shēng. [Pinyin]
  Duke Ping of Jin loved the new music.
- 士為知己者死，女為悅己者容。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  士为知己者死，女为悦己者容。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Zhanguo Ce, circa 5^th – 3^rd centuries BCE
  Shì wèi zhī jǐ zhě sǐ, nǚ wèi yuè jǐ zhě róng. [Pinyin]
  A man will die for someone who understands him, while a woman will adorn herself for a man that loves her.

Compounds

Japanese

Shinjitai	悦
Kyūjitai	悅

Kanji

悅

(Hyōgai kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 悦)

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Readings

On (unclassified): えつ (etsu)
Kun: よろこぶ (yorokobu)

Usage notes

This character lacks JIS support and is not used in Japan. 悦 (U+60A6) is used instead.

Korean

Hanja

悅 (eum 열 (yeol))

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Vietnamese

Han character

悅: Hán Nôm readings: duyệt

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