己
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Translingual
[edit]Stroke order | |||
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Stroke order | |||
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Han character
[edit]己 (Kangxi radical 49, 己+0, 3 strokes, cangjie input 尸山 (SU), four-corner 17717, composition ⿳𠃍一乚)
- Kangxi radical #49, ⼰.
- Shuowen Jiezi radical №518
Derived characters
[edit]- Appendix:Chinese radical/己
- 𠯇, 圮, 妃, 𭒼, 屺, 忋, 𢩵, 𣲆, 𣅗, 杞, 𬉺, 玘, 𥐦, 䄫, 𬡆, 紀(纪), 記(记), 起, 𨊲, 配, 𨥈, 𮧷, 魢(鱾), 𩾩
- 邔, 妀, 改, 𣢇, 䪱, 𩾠, 𠮯, 㞯, 异, 忌, 𤆔, 岂, 芑, 𥫟, 䨽, 𩫻, 㽶, 𠃚
- 包 (Japanese form)
Descendants
[edit]- こ (Hiragana character derived from man'yōgana)
- コ (Katakana character derived from man'yōgana)
Further reading
[edit]
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 326, character 9
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 8742
- Dae Jaweon: page 630, character 10
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 983, character 5
- Unihan data for U+5DF1
Baekje
[edit]Noun
[edit]己 (*kɨ) (Nihon shoki 基 or 紀)
Descendants
[edit]References
[edit]- John Bentley (2000) “New Look at Paekche and Korean: Data from Nihon shoki”, in Language Research[1], volume 36, number 2, Seoul National University, pages 417—443
- Alexander Vovin (2005) “Koguryo and Paekche: Different Languages or Dialects of Old Korean?”, in Journal of Inner and East Asian Studies, volume 2, number 2, Koguryo Research Foundation, pages 108—140
- Alexander Vovin (2013) “From Koguryo to T'amna”, in Korean Linguistics[2], volume 15, number 2, John Benjamins Publishing Company, pages 222—240
Chinese
[edit]simp. and trad. |
己 | |
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alternative forms | 𢀒 |
Glyph origin
[edit]Historical forms of the character 己 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Shang | Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
Pictogram (象形) – silk rope for binding objects. Original form of 紀 (OC *kɯʔ). The character must not be confused with 已 and 巳. See also 丩.
Etymology
[edit]Unknown (Schuessler, 2007).
Pronunciation 1
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): ji3
- (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): җи (ži, I)
- Cantonese (Jyutping): gei2
- Gan (Wiktionary): ji3
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): ji2
- Northern Min (KCR): gǐ
- Eastern Min (BUC): gī
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): gi3
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 5ci
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): ji3
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄐㄧˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jǐ
- Wade–Giles: chi3
- Yale: jǐ
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jii
- Palladius: цзи (czi)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕi²¹⁴/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: ji3
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: gi
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕi⁵³/
- (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: җи (ži, I)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕi²⁴/
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: gei2
- Yale: géi
- Cantonese Pinyin: gei2
- Guangdong Romanization: géi2
- Sinological IPA (key): /kei̯³⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: ji3
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕi²¹³/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kí
- Hakka Romanization System: giˋ
- Hagfa Pinyim: gi3
- Sinological IPA: /ki³¹/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: giˊ
- Sinological IPA: /ki²⁴/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: ji2
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡ɕi⁵³/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: gǐ
- Sinological IPA (key): /ki²¹/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: gī
- Sinological IPA (key): /ki³³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Puxian Min
- (Putian)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: gi3
- Sinological IPA (key): /ki⁴⁵³/
- (Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: gi3
- Sinological IPA (key): /ki³³²/
- (Putian)
- Southern Min
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: gi2 / gi7
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kí / kī
- Sinological IPA (key): /ki⁵²/, /ki¹¹/
- (Teochew)
- Middle Chinese: kiX
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*k(r)əʔ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*kɯʔ/
Definitions
[edit]己
Coordinate terms
[edit]- (Chinese heavenly stems) 天干 (tiāngān); 甲 (jiǎ), 乙 (yǐ), 丙 (bǐng), 丁 (dīng), 戊 (wù), 己 (jǐ), 庚 (gēng), 辛 (xīn), 壬 (rén), 癸 (guǐ) (Category: zh:Chinese heavenly stems)
Compounds
[edit]- 一己 (yījǐ)
- 一己之私 (yījǐzhīsī)
- 一己之見 / 一己之见 (yījǐzhījiàn)
- 人一己百
- 人己一視 / 人己一视
- 人溺己溺
- 人飢己飢 / 人饥己饥
- 以己度人 (yǐjǐduórén)
- 修己
- 先人後己 / 先人后己
- 克己 (kèjǐ)
- 克己主義 / 克己主义 (kèjǐ zhǔyì)
- 克己奉公 (kèjǐfènggōng)
- 克己復禮 / 克己复礼 (kèjǐfùlǐ)
- 克盡己職 / 克尽己职
- 入己
- 切己
- 利人利己
- 利己 (lìjǐ)
- 利己主義 / 利己主义 (lìjǐzhǔyì)
- 利己妨人
- 占為己有
- 反求諸己 / 反求诸己 (fǎnqiúzhūjǐ)
- 叨在知己
- 各執己見 / 各执己见 (gèzhíjǐjiàn)
- 各抒己見 / 各抒己见 (gèshūjǐjiàn)
- 各持己見 / 各持己见 (gèchíjǐjiàn)
- 嗇己奉公 / 啬己奉公
- 嚴於律己 / 严于律己
- 固執己見 / 固执己见 (gùzhíjǐjiàn)
- 天涯知己
- 奉公正己
- 威福由己
- 威福自己
- 孤行己意
- 孤行己見 / 孤行己见
- 安分守己 (ānfènshǒujǐ)
- 害人利己
- 害人害己 (hàirénhàijǐ)
- 家己 (ka-kī)
- 審己度人 / 审己度人
- 尊己卑人
- 小己
- 屈己待人 (qūjǐ dàirén)
- 屈己從人 / 屈己从人
- 己任 (jǐrèn)
- 己方 (jǐfāng)
- 己飢己溺 / 己饥己溺
- 徇公忘己
- 徇國忘己 / 徇国忘己
- 律己 (lǜjǐ)
- 復禮克己 / 复礼克己
- 恭己
- 恕己及人
- 恕己及物
- 恭己待人
- 恃才矜己
- 愛人如己 / 爱人如己 (àirénrújǐ)
- 打擊異己 / 打击异己
- 打體己 / 打体己
- 推己及人 (tuījǐjírén)
- 捨己就人 / 舍己就人
- 捨己從人 / 舍己从人
- 捨己成人 / 舍己成人
- 捨己救人 / 舍己救人
- 捨己為人 / 舍己为人 (shějǐwèirén)
- 捨己為公 / 舍己为公
- 排斥異己 / 排斥异己
- 揣己
- 揚己露才 / 扬己露才
- 損人利己 / 损人利己 (sǔnrénlìjǐ)
- 損人安己 / 损人安己
- 損人益己 / 损人益己
- 損人肥己 / 损人肥己
- 損己利物 / 损己利物
- 據為己有 / 据为己有 (jùwéijǐyǒu)
- 昧己瞞心 / 昧己瞒心
- 枉己正人
- 梯己
- 正中己懷 / 正中己怀
- 正己守道
- 潔己 / 洁己
- 潔己奉公 / 洁己奉公
- 潔己愛人 / 洁己爱人
- 異己 / 异己 (yìjǐ)
- 瘠人肥己
- 瘠己肥人
- 直己 (zhíjǐ)
- 直抒己見 / 直抒己见
- 瞞心昧己 / 瞒心昧己
- 矜己任智
- 矜己自飾 / 矜己自饰
- 知己 (zhījǐ)
- 知己知彼 (zhījǐzhībǐ)
- 知己話 / 知己话
- 知彼知己 (zhībǐzhījǐ)
- 視如己出 / 视如己出
- 私己 (sījǐ)
- 立身行己
- 紅粉知己 / 红粉知己
- 罪己 (zuìjǐ)
- 罪己詔 / 罪己诏 (zuìjǐzhào)
- 自己 (zìjǐ)
- 自己人 (zìjǐrén)
- 舍己從人 / 舍己从人
- 舍己芸人
- 著己 / 着己
- 虛己 / 虚己
- 虛己受人 / 虚己受人
- 行己有恥 / 行己有耻
- 行己有方
- 衒材揚己 / 衒材扬己
- 誅鋤異己 / 诛锄异己
- 貼己 / 贴己 (tiējǐ)
- 身不由己 (shēnbùyóujǐ)
- 身己 (shēnjǐ)
- 逞己失眾 / 逞己失众
- 露才揚己 / 露才扬己
- 風塵知己 / 风尘知己
- 養家肥己 / 养家肥己
- 體己 / 体己
- 體己信兒 / 体己信儿
Descendants
[edit]- → Zhuang: geij
Pronunciation 2
[edit]- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: gi1
- Yale: gī
- Cantonese Pinyin: gi1
- Guangdong Romanization: gi1
- Sinological IPA (key): /kiː⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
Definitions
[edit]己
- Only used in 潮州音樂——自己顧自己/潮州音乐——自己顾自己.
Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]Readings
[edit]- Go-on: こ (ko, Jōyō)
- Kan-on: き (ki, Jōyō)
- Kun: おのれ (onore, 己, Jōyō)、おの (ono, 己)、おれ (ore, 己)、おら (ora, 己)、うぬ (unu, 己)、うら (ura, 己)、おどれ (odore, 己)、つちのと (tsuchinoto, 己)
- Nanori: おと (oto)、な (na)、み (mi)
Compounds
[edit]Usage notes
[edit]Used in the Man'yōshū (c. 759 CE) as 借音 (shakuon) kana for ⟨ko2⟩ and ⟨go2⟩.
Etymology 1
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
己 |
き Grade: 6 |
kan'on |
From Middle Chinese 己 (MC kiX).
Pronunciation
[edit]Proper noun
[edit]- the sixth of the ten heavenly stems
Derived terms
[edit]- 己巳 (Kishi)
Etymology 2
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
己 |
つちのと Grade: 6 |
kun'yomi |
Originally a compound of 土 (tsuchi, “earth”, one of the Chinese five elements) + の (no, possessive particle) + 弟 (oto, “younger brother”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Proper noun
[edit]己 • (Tsuchinoto)
- the sixth of the ten heavenly stems
Etymology 3
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
己 |
おのれ Grade: 6 |
kun'yomi |
From 己 (ono, reflexive or first-person pronoun, see below) + れ (re, “thing”, demonstrative nominalizer ending).
Pronunciation
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]- reflexive pronoun: oneself
- (humble, dated) first-person pronoun: I, me
- (derogatory) second-person pronoun: you (Can we verify(+) this sense?)
Derived terms
[edit]See also
[edit]a-/wa- “I, we” (first person) |
na-/-ma- “you, ye, thou” (second person) |
k- “this” (close to speaker) |
s- “that” (close to listener) |
a-/ka- “that over there” (far from both) |
i-/ta-/nani- “who, what, where, how, when” (interrogative) |
ono- “oneself” (reflexive) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Person | あ (a) あれ (are) わ (wa) われ (ware) まろ (maro) |
な (na) なれ (nare) なんぢ (nanji) まし (mashi) いまし (imashi) みまし (mimashi) きみ (kimi) |
こ (ko) これ (kore) |
そ (so) それ (sore) |
あ (a) あれ (are) か (ka) かれ (kare) |
た (ta) たれ (tare) なにがし (nanigashi) |
おの (ono) おのれ (onore) |
Thing | こ (ko) これ (kore) |
そ (so) それ (sore) |
あ (a) あれ (are) か (ka) かれ (kare) |
いづれ (izure) なに (nani) |
|||
Location | ここ (koko) | そこ (soko) | あしこ (ashiko) かしこ (kashiko) |
いづく (izuku) いづこ (izuko) いどこ (idoko) どこ (doko) |
|||
Direction | こち (kochi) こなた (konata) |
そち (sochi) そなた (sonata) |
あち (achi) あなた (anata) かなた (kanata) |
いづち (izuchi) いづら (izura) いづかた (izukata) |
|||
Manner | か (ka) かく (kaku) かくて (kakute) かう (kō) |
さ (sa) さて (sate) しか (shika) |
いか (ika) | ||||
Time | いつ (itsu) |
Adverb
[edit]Interjection
[edit]- An interjection expressing anger or chagrin
Etymology 4
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
己 |
おの Grade: 6 |
kun'yomi |
Seemingly akin to Miyako っゔぁ (vva, 2nd person singular pronoun).
See also うぬ (unu) and うな (una).
Pronunciation
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]- reflexive pronoun: oneself
- first-person pronoun: I, me
Derived terms
[edit]See also
[edit]a-/wa- “I, we” (first person) |
na-/-ma- “you, ye, thou” (second person) |
k- “this” (close to speaker) |
s- “that” (close to listener) |
a-/ka- “that over there” (far from both) |
i-/ta-/nani- “who, what, where, how, when” (interrogative) |
ono- “oneself” (reflexive) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Person | あ (a) あれ (are) わ (wa) われ (ware) まろ (maro) |
な (na) なれ (nare) なんぢ (nanji) まし (mashi) いまし (imashi) みまし (mimashi) きみ (kimi) |
こ (ko) これ (kore) |
そ (so) それ (sore) |
あ (a) あれ (are) か (ka) かれ (kare) |
た (ta) たれ (tare) なにがし (nanigashi) |
おの (ono) おのれ (onore) |
Thing | こ (ko) これ (kore) |
そ (so) それ (sore) |
あ (a) あれ (are) か (ka) かれ (kare) |
いづれ (izure) なに (nani) |
|||
Location | ここ (koko) | そこ (soko) | あしこ (ashiko) かしこ (kashiko) |
いづく (izuku) いづこ (izuko) いどこ (idoko) どこ (doko) |
|||
Direction | こち (kochi) こなた (konata) |
そち (sochi) そなた (sonata) |
あち (achi) あなた (anata) かなた (kanata) |
いづち (izuchi) いづら (izura) いづかた (izukata) |
|||
Manner | か (ka) かく (kaku) かくて (kakute) かう (kō) |
さ (sa) さて (sate) しか (shika) |
いか (ika) | ||||
Time | いつ (itsu) |
Etymology 5
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
己 |
おれ Grade: 6 |
kun'yomi |
Pronunciation
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]- Alternative spelling of 俺 (ore): first-person pronoun: I, me
Derived terms
[edit]Etymology 6
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
己 |
おら Grade: 6 |
kun'yomi |
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronoun
[edit]- first-person pronoun: I, me
Etymology 7
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
己 |
うぬ Grade: 6 |
kun'yomi |
Sound shift from ono (see above).[1]
Alternative forms
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]- Pronunciation for pronoun senses unknown.
Pronoun
[edit]- second-person pronoun: you
- reflexive pronoun: oneself
- Synonym: 自分自身 (jibun-jishin)
Derived terms
[edit]- 己等 (unura)
Interjection
[edit]Etymology 8
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
己 |
うら Grade: 6 |
kun'yomi |
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronoun
[edit]- first-person pronoun: I, me
Etymology 9
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
己 |
おどれ Grade: 6 |
kun'yomi |
Sound shift from onore (see above).[1]
Pronoun
[edit]- second-person pronoun: you
- Synonyms: 己 (unu), 貴様 (kisama)
References
[edit]Korean
[edit]Hanja
[edit]Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]己: Hán Nôm readings: kỷ, kỉ, kỳ
Compounds
[edit]- CJK Unified Ideographs block
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- Japanese kanji with kun reading おの
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- Japanese kanji with kun reading うぬ
- Japanese kanji with kun reading うら
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- Japanese terms spelled with 己
- Japanese single-kanji terms
- Japanese terms spelled with 己 read as つちのと
- Japanese terms read with kun'yomi
- Japanese compound terms
- Japanese terms spelled with 己 read as おのれ
- Japanese pronouns
- Japanese humble terms
- Japanese dated terms
- Japanese derogatory terms
- Japanese adverbs
- Japanese interjections
- Japanese terms spelled with 己 read as おの
- Japanese terms spelled with 己 read as おれ
- Japanese terms spelled with 己 read as おら
- Japanese terms spelled with 己 read as うぬ
- Japanese vulgarities
- Japanese terms spelled with 己 read as うら
- Japanese terms spelled with 己 read as おどれ
- ja:Chinese heavenly stems
- Korean lemmas
- Korean hanja
- Korean hanja forms
- Vietnamese lemmas
- Vietnamese Han characters
- Vietnamese Chữ Hán
- CJKV radicals