紀

See also: 纪

紀 U+7D00, 紀 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7D00 ← 糿 [U+7CFF] CJK Unified Ideographs 紁 → [U+7D01]

紀 U+2F96A, 紀 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F96A ← 糣 [U+2F969] CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement 𥾆 → [U+2F96B]

Translingual

Han character

紀 (Kangxi radical 120, 糸+3, 9 strokes, cangjie input 女火尸山 (VFSU), four-corner 2791₇, composition ⿰糹己)

Derived characters

• 𪦏

Related characters

• 纪 (Simplified Chinese)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 915, character 13
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 27234
• Dae Jaweon: page 1342, character 12
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3366, character 9
• Unihan data for U+7D00

• Unihan data for U+2F96A

Chinese

trad.		紀
simp.		纪

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (己) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
改	*klɯːʔ
跽	*ɡrɯʔ
己	*kɯʔ
紀	*kɯʔ
妀	*kɯʔ
記	*kɯs
杞	*kʰɯʔ
屺	*kʰɯʔ
芑	*kʰɯʔ
邔	*kʰɯʔ, *ɡɯs
玘	*kʰɯʔ
忌	*ɡɯs
鵋	*ɡɯs
誋	*ɡɯs
梞	*ɡɯs

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kɯʔ) : semantic 糸 (“silk”) + phonetic 己 (OC *kɯʔ).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): jì, jǐ (ji⁴, ji³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧˋ, ㄐㄧˇ

  (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): җи (ži, III)

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): gei² / gei³

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): gei²

• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): ki

  (Meixian, Guangdong): gi³

• Eastern Min (BUC): gī
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): kí / kì

  (Teochew, Peng'im): gi² / gi³

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁵ci

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jì
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jì
    • Wade–Giles: chi⁴
    • Yale: jì
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jih
    • Palladius: цзи (czi)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi⁵¹/
      
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jǐ
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jǐ
    • Wade–Giles: chi³
    • Yale: jǐ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jii
    • Palladius: цзи (czi)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi²¹⁴/

Note:

• jì - standard in Mainland for senses other than the surname, variant in Mainland for the surname, standard in Taiwan for all senses;
• jǐ - standard in Mainland for the surname, variant in Taiwan for all senses.

• (Dungan)
  • Cyrillic and Wiktionary: җи (ži, III)
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi⁴⁴/

  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: gei² / gei³
    • Yale: géi / gei
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gei² / gei³
    • Guangdong Romanization: géi² / géi³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kei̯³⁵/, /kei̯³³/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: gei²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kei⁵⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ki
    • Hakka Romanization System: gi
    • Hagfa Pinyim: gi⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /ki⁵⁵/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: gi³
    • Sinological IPA: /ki³¹/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: gī
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ki³³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kí
    • Tâi-lô: kí
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kie
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /ki⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /ki⁴¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /ki⁵⁵⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kì
    • Tâi-lô: kì
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kix
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /ki⁴¹/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Kaohsiung): /ki²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /ki¹¹/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: gi² / gi³
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kí / kì
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ki⁵²/, /ki²¹³/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁵ci
    • MiniDict: ci^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²ji
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡ɕi³⁴/

---

• Middle Chinese: kiX

Rime
Character	紀
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	之 (19)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	居里切
Baxter	kiX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kɨX/
Pan Wuyun	/kɨX/
Shao Rongfen	/kieX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kɨX/
Li Rong	/kiəX/
Wang Li	/kĭəX/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kiX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jǐ
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gei2

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*k(r)əʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kɯʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	紀
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jǐ
Middle Chinese	‹ kiX ›
Old Chinese	/*k(r)əʔ/
English	leading thread
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	紀
Reading #	1/1
No.	5766
Phonetic component	己
Rime group	之
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime
Old Chinese	/*kɯʔ/

Definitions

紀

1. rule; discipline

   軍紀／军纪  ―  jūnjì  ―  military discipline

2. century
3. (geology) period (geochronologic unit)

   寒武紀／寒武纪  ―  Hánwǔjì  ―  the Cambrian Period

   侏羅紀／侏罗纪  ―  Zhūluójì  ―  the Jurassic Period

4. a surname

   紀昀／纪昀  ―  Jǐ Yún  ―  Ji Yun (Chinese scholar and official during the Qing dynasty)

5. Alternative form of 記 / 记 (jì, “record; annal; historical account”)

Compounds

• 上年紀 / 上年纪 (shàng niánjì)
• 三疊紀 / 三叠纪 (Sāndié Jì)
• 不可勝紀 / 不可胜纪
• 世界紀錄 / 世界纪录 (shìjiè jìlù)
• 世紀 / 世纪 (shìjì)
• 世紀末 / 世纪末 (shìjìmò)
• 中世紀 / 中世纪 (zhōngshìjì)
• 亂紀 / 乱纪
• 事物紀原 / 事物纪原
• 二疊紀 / 二叠纪 (Èrdié Jì)
• 人紀 / 人纪
• 侏羅紀 / 侏罗纪 (Zhūluó Jì)
• 倫紀 / 伦纪
• 列王紀 / 列王纪 (Lièwángjì)
• 創世紀 / 创世纪 (Chuàngshìjì)
• 創紀錄 / 创纪录 (chuàng jìlù)
• 半紀 / 半纪
• 南紀 / 南纪
• 喪紀 / 丧纪
• 國紀 / 国纪 (guójì)
• 壽紀 / 寿纪
• 天紀 / 天纪
• 奧陶紀 / 奥陶纪 (Àotáo Jì)
• 女紀 / 女纪
• 安分守紀 / 安分守纪
• 官紀 / 官纪 (guānjì)
• 客綱客紀 / 客纲客纪
• 寒武紀 / 寒武纪 (Hánwǔ Jì)
• 尊紀 / 尊纪
• 小小年紀 / 小小年纪
• 小本經紀 / 小本经纪
• 小經紀 / 小经纪
• 干紀
• 年紀 / 年纪 (niánjì)
• 後漢紀 / 后汉纪
• 志留紀 / 志留纪 (Zhìliú Jì)
• 恩紀 / 恩纪
• 打破紀錄 / 打破纪录
• 指紋紀錄 / 指纹纪录
• 擔干紀 / 担干纪
• 政紀 / 政纪 (zhèngjì)
• 敗法亂紀 / 败法乱纪
• 新世紀 / 新世纪
• 新紀元 / 新纪元 (xīnjìyuán)
• 新紀錄 / 新纪录
• 曆紀 / 历纪
• 有年紀 / 有年纪
• 本紀 / 本纪 (běnjì)
• 歷歷可紀 / 历历可纪
• 泥盆紀 / 泥盆纪 (Nípén Jì)
• 法紀 / 法纪 (fǎjì)
• 涑水紀聞 / 涑水纪闻
• 滅紀 / 灭纪
• 漫無紀律 / 漫无纪律
• 漢紀 / 汉纪
• 由紀 / 由纪
• 白堊紀 / 白垩纪 (Bái'è Jì)
• 目無法紀 / 目无法纪 (mùwúfǎjì)
• 石炭紀 / 石炭纪 (Shítàn Jì)
• 破紀錄 / 破纪录
• 票房紀錄 / 票房纪录
• 竹書紀年 / 竹书纪年 (Zhúshū Jìnián)
• 紀事 / 纪事 (jìshì)
• 紀傳體 / 纪传体
• 紀元 / 纪元 (jìyuán)
• 紀南 / 纪南 (Jìnán)
• 紀子 / 纪子
• 紀實 / 纪实 (jìshí)
• 紀年 / 纪年 (jìnián)
• 紀序 / 纪序
• 紀律 / 纪律 (jìlǜ)
• 紀念 / 纪念 (jìniàn)
• 紀念信封 / 纪念信封
• 紀念冊 / 纪念册 (jìniàncè)
• 紀念品 / 纪念品 (jìniànpǐn)
• 紀念堂 / 纪念堂 (jìniàntáng)
• 紀念塔 / 纪念塔 (jìniàntǎ)
• 紀念幣 / 纪念币 (jìniànbì)
• 紀念日 / 纪念日 (jìniànrì)
• 紀念會 / 纪念会 (jìniànhuì)
• 紀念物 / 纪念物 (jìniànwù)
• 紀念碑 / 纪念碑 (jìniànbēi)
• 紀念郵票 / 纪念邮票
• 紀念章 / 纪念章 (jìniànzhāng)
• 紀念館 / 纪念馆 (jìniànguǎn)
• 紀略 / 纪略
• 紀綱 / 纪纲 (jìgāng)
• 紀聞 / 纪闻
• 紀行 / 纪行
• 紀要 / 纪要 (jìyào)
• 紀錄 / 纪录 (jìlù)
• 紀錄片 / 纪录片
• 統紀 / 统纪
• 經紀 / 经纪 (jīngjì)
• 經紀人 / 经纪人 (jīngjìrén)
• 經紀人家 / 经纪人家
• 綱常倫紀 / 纲常伦纪
• 綱紀 / 纲纪 (gāngjì)
• 綱紀廢弛 / 纲纪废弛
• 職方外紀 / 职方外纪
• 西曆紀元 / 西历纪元
• 詞林紀事 / 词林纪事
• 議事紀錄 / 议事纪录
• 跨世紀 / 跨世纪
• 軍紀 / 军纪 (jūnjì)
• 違法亂紀 / 违法乱纪 (wéifǎluànjì)
• 違紀 / 违纪 (wéijì)
• 違紀參選 / 违纪参选
• 風紀 / 风纪 (fēngjì)
• 飭紀 / 饬纪
• 養家經紀 / 养家经纪
• 首開紀錄 / 首开纪录
• 黨紀 / 党纪 (dǎngjì)

 

Japanese

Shinjitai	紀
Kyūjitai	紀󠄂 紀+󠄂? (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details.

Kanji

紀

(Fifth grade kyōiku kanji)

1. narrative; account

Readings

• Go-on: こ (ko)
• Kan-on: き (ki, Jōyō)
• Kun: いとぐち (itoguchi, 紀)、おさめる (osameru, 紀める)^{←をさめる (wosameru, 紀める, historical)}、しるす (shirusu, 紀す)、のり (nori, 紀)
• Nanori: あき (aki)、おさ (osa)、おさむ (osamu)、かず (kazu)、かなめ (kaname)、こと (koto)、しるす (shirusu)、すみ (sumi)、ただ (tada)、ただし (tadashi)、ただす (tadasu)、つぐ (tsugu)、つな (tsuna)、とし (toshi)、とも (tomo)、のり (nori)、はじめ (hajime)、もと (moto)、よし (yoshi)

Compounds

Compounds

• 紀(き)元(げん) (kigen)
• 紀(き)元(げん)前(ぜん) (kigenzen)
• 紀(き)行(こう) (kikō)
• 記(き)紀(き) (Ki-Ki)
• 世(せい)紀(き) (seiki)
• 千(せん)年(ねん)紀(き) (sennenki)
• 三(さん)畳(じょう)紀(き) (Sanjōki)
• 二(に)畳(じょう)紀(き) (Nijōki)
• 白(はく)亜(あ)紀(き) (Hakuaki)
• ペルム紀(き) (Perumuki)
• 紀(き)伊(い) (Kī)
• 紀(き)州(しゅう) (Kishū)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
紀
き Grade: 5
kan'on

From Middle Chinese 紀 (MC kiX).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) き [kíꜜ] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [kʲi]

Noun

紀(き) • (ki) 

1. chronicle, written record
2. (geology) period

   ジュラ紀(き) ― jura-ki ― Jurassic Period

Proper noun

紀(き) • (Ki) 

1. a surname
2. Short for 日本書紀 (Nihon Shoki, “Nihon Shoki”).
3. Short for 紀伊 (Kii, “Kii Province”).

Affix

紀(き) • (ki) 

1. rule; regulation
2. age; era; period
3. to record; to write down

Korean

Hanja

紀 (eumhun 벼리 기 (byeori gi))

1. hanja form^? of 기 (“the guide ropes at the edge of a fishing net, index, contents (of a book)”)

Vietnamese

Chữ Hán

紀: Hán Việt readings: kỉ, kỷ, kỹ, kĩ

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.