紀綱

Chinese

		discipline; age; era discipline; age; era; period; order; record	head rope of a fishing net; guiding principle; key link head rope of a fishing net; guiding principle; key link; (taxonomy) class; outline; programme
trad. (紀綱)		紀	綱
simp. (纪纲)		纪	纲
alternative forms		起工
anagram		綱紀／纲纪

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jìgāng

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧˋ ㄍㄤ

• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): khí-kang / kí-kang

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jìgāng
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧˋ ㄍㄤ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jìgang
    • Wade–Giles: chi⁴-kang¹
    • Yale: jì-gāng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jihgang
    • Palladius: цзиган (czigan)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi⁵¹ kɑŋ⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khí-kang
    • Tâi-lô: khí-kang
    • Phofsit Daibuun: qy'kafng
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /kʰi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kaŋ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰi⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kaŋ³³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰi⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kaŋ⁴⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kí-kang
    • Tâi-lô: kí-kang
    • Phofsit Daibuun: ky'kafng
    • IPA (Xiamen): /ki⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kaŋ⁴⁴/

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• Middle Chinese: kiX kang

Rime
Character	紀	綱
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	之 (19)	唐 (101)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	I
Fanqie	居里切	古郎切
Baxter	kiX	kang
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kɨX/	/kɑŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/kɨX/	/kɑŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/kieX/	/kɑŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kɨX/	/kaŋ/
Li Rong	/kiəX/	/kɑŋ/
Wang Li	/kĭəX/	/kɑŋ/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kiX/	/kɑŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jǐ	gāng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gei2	gong1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*k(r)əʔ  kˤaŋ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kɯʔ  klaːŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	紀	綱
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jǐ	gāng
Middle Chinese	‹ kiX ›	‹ kang ›
Old Chinese	/*k(r)əʔ/	/*kˁaŋ/
English	leading thread	guiding rope of net
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	紀	綱
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	5766	3716
Phonetic component	己	岡
Rime group	之	陽
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime		岡
Old Chinese	/*kɯʔ/	/*klaːŋ/

Noun

紀綱

1. (literary) rule; law
2. (Southern Min) convention; general rule; what is normal

Synonyms

• (rule):

edit

• 例 (lì) (literary, or in compounds)
• 則度 / 则度 (zédù) (literary)
• 守則 / 守则 (shǒuzé)
• 方案 (fāng'àn)
• 條例 / 条例 (tiáolì)
• 條規 / 条规 (tiáoguī)
• 法度 (fǎdù)
• 程度 (chéngdù) (archaic)
• 綱目 / 纲目 (gāngmù) (Classical Chinese)
• 繩墨 / 绳墨 (shéngmò) (figurative)
• 規 / 规 (literary, or in compounds)
• 規則 / 规则 (guīzé)
• 規定 / 规定 (guīdìng)
• 規條 / 规条 (guītiáo)
• 規準 / 规准 (guīzhǔn) (literary)
• 規矩 / 规矩 (guījǔ)

 

• (convention): 常理 (chánglǐ), 常規／常规 (chángguī)

Derived terms

• 無紀無綱 / 无纪无纲
• 無紀綱 / 无纪纲
• 照紀綱 / 照纪纲
• 紀綱地 / 纪纲地