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規

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 规
規 U+898F, 規
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-898F
← 覎
[U+898E] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 覐 →
[U+8990]

Translingual

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Han character

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規 (Kangxi radical 147, 見+4, 11 strokes, cangjie input 手人月山山 (QOBUU), four-corner 56010, composition ⿰夫見)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1133, character 11
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 34810
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1600, character 3
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3664, character 17
  • Unihan data for U+898F

Chinese

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Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 規
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (規) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
嫢 *ɡeːnʔ, *skʷel, *ɡʷilʔ
規 *kʷel
槻 *kʷel
鬹 *kʷel
摫 *kʷel
瞡 *kʷels, *kʷils
窺 *kʰʷel
闚 *kʰʷel

Traditionally an ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 夫 (“husband”) + 見 (“see”).

Smith (2011) proposes that the left component is an abbreviation of the phonetic component 癸 (OC *kʷilʔ). Compare the Shizhoupian script form of 癸.

It's possible 規 originally referred to a compass used for drawing circles given its early usage. The right half 夫 may have depicted such a compass, as evidenced by variants where it is written with a 又 (“hand”) grabbing it.

Etymology 1

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trad. 規
simp. 规
alternative forms
䂓／𰦔
槼／规
𩑬
𩒙
𩓠
䂓／𰦔
槼／规
𩑬
𩒙
𩓠
𧠹
 

Pronunciation

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Rime
Character 規
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 支 (12)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) III
Fanqie 居隋切
Baxter kjwie
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/kiuᴇ/
Pan
Wuyun 		/kʷiɛ/
Shao
Rongfen 		/kjuɛ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/kwiə̆/
Li
Rong 		/kiue/
Wang
Li 		/kǐwe/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/kwie̯/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		guī
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		gwai1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 規
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		guī
Middle
Chinese 		‹ kjwie ›
Old
Chinese 		/*kʷe/
English compass, circle

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 規
Reading # 1/1
No. 4604
Phonetic
component 		規
Rime
group 		歌
Rime
subdivision 		3
Corresponding
MC rime 		𩓸
Old
Chinese 		/*kʷel/
Notes 小徐見聲，與圜同源；古亦同窺，夫或癸省文

Definitions

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規

  1. dividers; measuring compass
  2. rule; regulation; customs; law
  3. to plan; to arrange
  4. to exhort; to admonish; to advise
  5. a surname: Gui
Synonyms
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  • (rule):
  • (to plan):
  • (to exhort):

Compounds

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Etymology 2

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trad. 規
simp. 规
alternative forms 歸／归
幾／几

Fuehrer and Yang (2014) propose that it derives from 幾 (OC *kɯl, “almost”).

Pronunciation

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Definitions

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規

  1. (Southern Min, Taiwanese Hakka) whole; entire
Synonyms
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Dialectal synonyms of 整 (“whole; entire”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 整
Northeastern Mandarin Taiwan 整
Malaysia 整
Singapore 整
Cantonese Guangzhou 成, 冚
Hong Kong 成, 冚
Taishan 成
Singapore (Guangfu) 成, 冚
Hakka Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) 成
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 規
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 規
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 規
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 規
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 規
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 規
Southern Min Xiamen 規
Quanzhou 規
Zhangzhou 規
Tainan 規
Penang (Hokkien) 規
Singapore (Hokkien) 規
Manila (Hokkien) 規
Chaozhou 夠, 咸
Jieyang 夠, 咸
Singapore (Teochew) 夠
Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) 成

Compounds

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Etymology 3

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trad. 規
simp. 规

Pronunciation

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Definitions

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規

  1. Only used in 規規／规规 (guìguì).

Etymology 4

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trad. 規
simp. 规

Pronunciation

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Definitions

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規

  1. ‡ Alternative form of 瞁 (xù)

References

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Japanese

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Kanji

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規

(Fifth grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. rule
  2. measure
  3. norm, standard
  4. to regulate

Readings

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Compounds

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Noun

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Kanji in this term
規
のり
Grade: 5
kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 規 – see the following entry.
【のり】
[noun] rule, regulation, law
[noun] norm, standard
[noun] measure, scale, ruler (measuring device)
[noun] measure, scale, size
Alternative spellings
法, 則, 矩
(This term, 規, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Korean

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Hanja

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規 (eumhun 법 규 (beop gyu))

  1. hanja form? of 법 (“law; rule”)

Vietnamese

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Han character

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規: Hán Nôm readings: quy, qui

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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