發明

See also: 発明 and 发明

Chinese

		to send out; to show (one's feeling); to issue to send out; to show (one's feeling); to issue; to develop	clear; bright; to understand clear; bright; to understand; next; the Ming dynasty
trad. (發明)		發	明
simp. (发明)		发	明

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): fāmíng

  (Zhuyin): ㄈㄚ ㄇㄧㄥˊ

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): faat³ ming⁴

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): fat² men³

• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): fat-mìn
• Eastern Min (BUC): huák-mìng
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): hoat-bêng

  (Teochew, Peng'im): huêg⁴ mêng⁵

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: fāmíng
    • Zhuyin: ㄈㄚ ㄇㄧㄥˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: famíng
    • Wade–Giles: fa¹-ming²
    • Yale: fā-míng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: faming
    • Palladius: фамин (famin)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fä⁵⁵ miŋ³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: faat³ ming⁴
    • Yale: faat mìhng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: faat⁸ ming⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: fad³ ming⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /faːt̚³ mɪŋ²¹/
    • Homophones:

      edit edit 法名 發明 / 发明

  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: fat² men³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fat̚⁵⁵ ᵐben²²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fat-mìn
    • Hakka Romanization System: fad^ˋ min^ˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: fad⁵ min²
    • Sinological IPA: /fat̚² min¹¹/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: huák-mìng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /huaʔ²⁴⁻²¹ miŋ⁵³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hoat-bêng
    • Tâi-lô: huat-bîng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hoatbeeng
    • IPA (Xiamen): /huat̚³²⁻⁴ biɪŋ²⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /huat̚⁵⁻²⁴ biɪŋ²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /huat̚³²⁻⁵ biɪŋ¹³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /huat̚³²⁻⁴ biɪŋ²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /huat̚³²⁻⁴ biɪŋ²³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: huêg⁴ mêng⁵
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: huek mêng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /huek̚²⁻⁴ meŋ⁵⁵/

---

• Middle Chinese: pjot mjaeng

Rime
Character	發	明
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	幫 (1)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	月 (68)	庚 (111)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	方伐切	武兵切
Baxter	pjot	mjaeng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/pʉɐt̚/	/mˠiæŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/pʷiɐt̚/	/mᵚiaŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/piuɐt̚/	/miaŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/puat̚/	/miajŋ/
Li Rong	/piuɐt̚/	/miɐŋ/
Wang Li	/pĭwɐt̚/	/mĭɐŋ/
Bernhard Karlgren	/pi̯wɐt̚/	/mi̯ɐŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	fa	míng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	faat3	ming4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*Cə.pat  mraŋ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*pad  mraŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	發	明
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	fā	míng
Middle Chinese	‹ pjot ›	‹ mjæng ›
Old Chinese	/*Cə.pat/	/*mraŋ/
English	fly forth, send forth	bright
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	發	明
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	164	9188
Phonetic component	癹	明
Rime group	月	陽
Rime subdivision	1	0
Corresponding MC rime	髮	明
Old Chinese	/*pad/	/*mraŋ/

Verb

發明

1. to invent

   中國人發明了指南針、火藥、造紙和印刷術，這些被稱為中國四大發明。 [MSC, trad.]
   中国人发明了指南针、火药、造纸和印刷术，这些被称为中国四大发明。 [MSC, simp.]

   Zhōngguórén fāmíng le zhǐnánzhēn, huǒyào, zàozhǐ hé yìnshuāshù, zhèxiē bèi chēngwéi Zhōngguó Sì Dà Fāmíng. [Pinyin]

   The Chinese invented the compass, gunpowder, papermaking and printing. They are known as the Four Great Chinese Inventions.

2. (literary) to expound

   • 皆學黃老道德之術，因發明序其指意。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     皆学黄老道德之术，因发明序其指意。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE

     Jiē xué huánglǎo dàodé zhī shù, yīn fāmíng xù qí zhǐyì. [Pinyin]

     These men studied the doctrines of the Yellow Emperor and Lao Tzu and propounded their own ideas according to these.

   • 但是宋儒錯會聖人意旨的地方，也是有的，然其發明正教的功德，亦不可及。 [MSC, trad.]
     但是宋儒错会圣人意旨的地方，也是有的，然其发明正教的功德，亦不可及。 [MSC, simp.]

     From: 1907, Liu E, The Travels of Lao Ts'an（《老殘遊記》）, translated by Harold Shadick, first published in 1952

     Dànshì sòngrú cuò huì shèngrén yìzhǐ de dìfāng, yě shì yǒude, rán qí fāmíng zhèngjiào de gōngdé, yì bùkě jí. [Pinyin]

     But even though there are places where the Sung scholars may have misunderstood the Sage’s intention, still, their development of the orthodox doctrine was an achievement beyond the reach of others.

3. (literary) to show; to prove

   • 乃撰《搜神記》二十卷，以「發明神道之不誣」（自序中語），見《晉書》本傳。 [MSC, trad.]
     乃撰《搜神记》二十卷，以「发明神道之不诬」（自序中语），见《晋书》本传。 [MSC, simp.]

     From: 1924, Lu Xun, A Brief History of Chinese Fiction（《中國小說史略》）, translated in English by Yang Hsien-yi and Gladys Yang

     Nǎi zhuàn “Sōushénjì” èrshí juàn, yǐ “fāmíng shéndào zhī bù wū” (zìxù zhōng yǔ), jiàn “Jìnshū” běnzhuàn. [Pinyin]

     He (Kan Pao) compiled his Records of Spirits in twenty books to prove the existence of supernatural beings. All this is related in his biography in the Tsin Dynasty History.

4. (Classical) to enlighten; to inspire

   • 清清冷冷，愈病析酲，發明耳目，寧體便人。此所謂大王之雄風也。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     清清冷冷，愈病析酲，发明耳目，宁体便人。此所谓大王之雄风也。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: c. mid-3rd century BCE, Song Yu (宋玉),《風賦》, translated into English as Wind by Herbert Giles, 1922

     Qīngqīng lěnglěng, yù bìng xī chéng, fāmíng ěrmù, níngtǐ biànrén. Cǐ suǒwèi dàwáng zhī xióngfēng yě. [Pinyin]

     The effect of this wind upon those who are in it, is to make them look sad, and chilled, even to sobbing. Pure and fresh, it cures disease and sobers the drunk; it sharpens one’s sight and hearing; it gives repose to the body and comfort to the man; and thus it is called the virile wind of the sovereign.

5. (Korean Classical Chinese) to make excuses; to claim an alibi; to lie

   • 申檣、尹淮、鄭招等以爲：「憲府啓辭明白，而陞之上書，無所發明，宜勿復辨。」 [Korean Literary Sinitic, trad.]

     From: 《朝鮮王朝實錄》 (Journal of the Royal Secretariat), 1431

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

   • 其謀逆之書，吾見之，汝何敢發明乎？ [Korean Literary Sinitic, trad.]

     From: 《朝鮮王朝實錄》 (Joseon Veritable Records), 1730

     Gi moyeok ji seo, o gyeon ji, yeo ha gam balmyeong ho? [Sino-Korean]

     As for those documents of treason, I have seen them myself! So how do you dare lie?

   • 汝言八月以前，無上京事，其果爲發明之端乎？ [Korean Literary Sinitic, trad.]

     From: 《朝鮮王朝實錄》 (Joseon Veritable Records), 1733

     Yeo eon par-wol ijeon, mu sanggyeong sa, gi gwa wi balmyeong ji dan ho? [Sino-Korean]

     You say that before the eighth month, there is no time when you have come to the capital. Does that truly suffice to make an alibi?

Noun

發明

1. invention (Classifier: 個／个 m; 項／项 m)
2. (mythology) a kind of legendary bird from the east

   See also: 鷦明, 鷫鷞, 幽昌

Derived terms

• 僱員發明實施權 / 雇员发明实施权 (gùyuán fāmíng shíshī quán)
• 四大發明 / 四大发明 (Sì Dà Fāmíng)
• 發明權 / 发明权
• 需要是發明之母 / 需要是发明之母 (xūyào shì fāmíng zhī mǔ)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (發明):

• → Japanese: 発明(はつめい) (hatsumei)
• → Korean: 발명(發明) (balmyeong)
• → Vietnamese: phát minh (發明)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
發	明
はつ Hyōgai	めい Grade: 2
on'yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 發明 – see the following entry.

【発明はつめい】 [noun] invention [verb] to invent

(This term, 發明, is the kyūjitai of the above term.)

Korean

Hanja in this term
發	明

Noun

發明 • (balmyeong) (hangeul 발명)

1. hanja form^? of 발명 (“invention; (archaic) elucidation, explanation; excuse”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
發	明

Noun

發明

1. chữ Hán form of phát minh (“invention”).

Verb

發明

1. chữ Hán form of phát minh (“to invent”).