功德

Chinese

		merit; achievement; result merit; achievement; result; service; accomplishment	Germany; virtue; goodness Germany; virtue; goodness; morality; ethics; kindness; favour; character; kind
simp. and trad. (功德)		功	德

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): gōngdé

  (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄥ ㄉㄜˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gung¹ dak¹
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kûng-tet
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): kong-tek / kong-tiak / kong-tit

  (Teochew, Peng'im): gong¹ dêg⁴

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)
    • Hanyu Pinyin: gōngdé
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄥ ㄉㄜˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: gongdé
    • Wade–Giles: kung¹-tê²
    • Yale: gūng-dé
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gongder
    • Palladius: гундэ (gundɛ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʊŋ⁵⁵ tɤ³⁵/
    • Homophones:

      [Show/Hide]
      edit edit 公德 功德

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: gung¹ dak¹
    • Yale: gūng dāk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gung¹ dak⁷
    • Guangdong Romanization: gung¹ deg¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʊŋ⁵⁵ tɐk̚⁵/
    • Homophones:

      edit edit 公德 功德

• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kûng-tet
    • Hakka Romanization System: gung^ˊ ded^ˋ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: gung¹ ded⁵
    • Sinological IPA: /kuŋ²⁴ tet̚²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kong-tek
    • Tâi-lô: kong-tik
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kongdeg
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² tiɪk̚³²/
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ tiɪk̚³²/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kong-tiak
    • Tâi-lô: kong-tiak
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kongdiag
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kɔŋ³³ tiak̚⁵/
  • (Hokkien: Longyan)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kong-tit
    • Tâi-lô: kong-tit
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kongdid
    • IPA (Longyan): /koŋ³³⁴ tit̚⁵/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: gong¹ dêg⁴
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kong tek
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /koŋ³³⁻²³ tek̚²/

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• Middle Chinese: kuwng tok

Rime
Character	功	德
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)	端 (5)
Final (韻)	東 (1)	德 (131)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	I
Fanqie	古紅切	多則切
Baxter	kuwng	tok
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kuŋ/	/tək̚/
Pan Wuyun	/kuŋ/	/tək̚/
Shao Rongfen	/kuŋ/	/tək̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kəwŋ/	/tək̚/
Li Rong	/kuŋ/	/tək̚/
Wang Li	/kuŋ/	/tək̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kuŋ/	/tək̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	gōng	de
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gung1	dak1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*kˤoŋ  tˤək/

  (Zhengzhang): /*koːŋ  tɯːɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	功	德
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	gōng	dé
Middle Chinese	‹ kuwng ›	‹ tok ›
Old Chinese	/*kˁoŋ/	/*tˁək/
English	work, effort	virtue
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	功	德
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	4021	17266
Phonetic component	工	直
Rime group	東	職
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	公	德
Old Chinese	/*koːŋ/	/*tɯːɡ/

Noun

功德

1. merits and virtues
2. (Buddhism) charitable and pious deeds; benefaction; beneficence; works

Derived terms

• 做功德 (zuògōngdé)
• 功德主
• 功德使
• 功德叢林 / 功德丛林
• 功德品
• 功德圓滿 / 功德圆满 (gōngdéyuánmǎn)
• 功德施論 / 功德施论
• 功德水
• 功德池
• 功德法身
• 功德海
• 功德無量 / 功德无量 (gōngdéwúliàng)
• 功德田
• 功德衣
• 功德遊 / 功德游

 

References

• 郭启熹 [Guo, Qixi], editor (2016), “功德”, in 龙岩方言词典 LONGYAN FANGYAN CIDIAN [Dictionary of Longyan dialect] (overall work in Min Nan and Mandarin), Xiamen: 鷺江出版社 [Lujiang Publishing House], →ISBN, page 486.

Further reading

• Ding, Fubao (丁福保) (1922), “功德” in 佛學大辭典 [A Dictionary of Chinese Buddhist Terms].

Japanese

Kanji in this term
功	德
く Grade: 4	とく > どく Jinmeiyō
on'yomi

Kanji in this term
功	德
こう Grade: 4	とく Jinmeiyō
on'yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 功德 – see the following entry.

【功徳くどく】 [noun] (Buddhism) virtuous deed 【功徳こうとく】 [noun] This term needs a translation to English.

(This term, 功德, is the kyūjitai of the above term.)

Korean

Hanja in this term
功	德

Noun

功德 • (gongdeok) (hangeul 공덕)

1. hanja form^? of 공덕 (“good deed”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
功	德

Noun

功德

1. chữ Hán form of công đức (“merit”).