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See also: [U+3038 HANGZHOU NUMERAL TEN], [U+31BA BOPOMOFO LETTER ZY], and 𬂛 [U+2C09B CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2C09B]
U+5341, 十
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5341

[U+5340]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+5342]
U+2F17, ⼗
KANGXI RADICAL TEN

[U+2F16]
Kangxi Radicals
[U+2F18]
U+3229, ㈩
PARENTHESIZED IDEOGRAPH TEN

[U+3228]
Enclosed CJK Letters and Months
[U+322A]
U+3289, ㊉
CIRCLED IDEOGRAPH TEN

[U+3288]
Enclosed CJK Letters and Months
[U+328A]
Commons:Category
Commons:Category
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Translingual

[edit]
Stroke order
2 strokes
Stroke order

Han character

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(Kangxi radical 24, +0, 2 strokes, cangjie input (J), four-corner 40000, composition )

  1. Kangxi radical #24, .
  2. Shuowen Jiezi radical №54

Derived characters

[edit]

References

[edit]
  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 155, character 17
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2695
  • Dae Jaweon: page 348, character 6
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 58, character 9
  • Unihan data for U+5341

Chinese

[edit]
simp. and trad.
alternative forms financial

Glyph origin

[edit]

Unlike , which was one horizontal stroke meaning one, was originally simply a vertical stroke. In later forms was added, forming a cross.

Possibly a pictogram (象形) for a needle, later written as (OC *kjum, *kjums), borrowed phonetically for (OC *ɡjub, “ten”).

Unrelated to , , , , , , and but related to the original version of and perhaps related to .

Etymology

[edit]

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *gip.

Pronunciation

[edit]

Note: sī - used for "ten" in 20 to 99.
Note:
  • sae2/sieh7 - vernacular (used in counting);
  • seh7 - vernacular (used in compounds, e.g. 十三, 三十);
  • sih7 - literary.
Note:
  • cha̍p - vernacular;
  • si̍p/se̍p - literary.
Note:
  • zab8 - Chaozhou, Shantou, Jieyang, Chaoyang, Raoping, Pontianak;
  • zag8 - Chenghai.
Note:
  • 1so/3so/5so - only used before ;
  • 7seq - only used in multiples of 10, e.g. 三十.

  • Dialectal data
Variety Location
Mandarin Beijing /ʂʐ̩³⁵/
Harbin /ʂʐ̩²⁴/
Tianjin /ʂʐ̩⁴⁵/
Jinan /ʂʐ̩⁴²/
Qingdao /ʃz̩⁴²/
Zhengzhou /ʂʐ̩⁴²/
Xi'an /ʂʐ̩²⁴/
Xining /ʂʐ̩²⁴/
Yinchuan /ʂʐ̩¹³/
Lanzhou /ʂʐ̩¹³/
Ürümqi /ʂʐ̩⁵¹/
Wuhan /sz̩²¹³/
Chengdu /sz̩³¹/
Guiyang /sz̩²¹/
Kunming /ʂʐ̩³¹/
Nanjing /ʂʐ̩ʔ⁵/
Hefei /ʂəʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /səʔ⁵⁴/
Pingyao /ʂʌʔ⁵³/
Hohhot /səʔ⁴³/
Wu Shanghai /zəʔ¹/
Suzhou /zəʔ³/
Hangzhou /zəʔ²/
Wenzhou /zai²¹³/
Hui Shexian /ɕi²²/
Tunxi /ɕi¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /ʂʐ̩²⁴/
Xiangtan /ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/
Gan Nanchang /sɨʔ²/
Hakka Meixian /səp̚⁵/
Taoyuan /ʃïp̚⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /sɐp̚²/
Nanning /sɐp̚²²/
Hong Kong /sɐp̚²/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /sip̚⁵/
/t͡sap̚⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /sɛiʔ⁵/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /si⁵⁴/
/si⁴⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /t͡sap̚⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /tap̚³/
/tɔp̚³/

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (25)
Final () (141)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () III
Fanqie
Baxter dzyip
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/d͡ʑiɪp̚/
Pan
Wuyun
/d͡ʑip̚/
Shao
Rongfen
/d͡ʑjep̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/d͡ʑip̚/
Li
Rong
/ʑiəp̚/
Wang
Li
/ʑĭĕp̚/
Bernhard
Karlgren
/ʑi̯əp̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
shí
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
sap6
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
shí
Middle
Chinese
‹ dzyip ›
Old
Chinese
/*t.[ɡ]əp/
English ten

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 11452
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
3
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*ɡjub/

Definitions

[edit]

  1. ten
  2. (figurative) topmost; utmost
      ―  shífēn  ―  very
      ―  shíquánshíměi  ―  perfect

See also

[edit]
Chinese numbers
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 102 103 104 106 108 1012
Normal
(小寫 / 小写)
, , , ,  /  / ,
十千 (Malaysia, Singapore)
百萬 / 百万,
(Philippines),
面桶 (Philippines)
 / 亿 (Taiwan)
萬億 / 万亿 (Mainland China)
Financial
(大寫 / 大写)
 /  /  /

Compounds

[edit]

Descendants

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Sino-Xenic ():
  • Japanese: (じゅう) ()
  • Korean: 십(十) (sip)
  • Vietnamese: thập ()

Others:

Japanese

[edit]
Japanese cardinal numbers
 <  9 10 11  > 
    Cardinal :

Kanji

[edit]

(First grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

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Compounds

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Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
じゅう
Grade: 1
goon
Alternative spelling
(financial)
Kanji in this term
じっ
Grade: 1
kan'yōon

/ʑipʉ//ʑiɸu//ʑɨu//ʑuː//ʑiʔ//ʑi~̚/

From Middle Chinese (MC dzyip).

Pronunciation

[edit]
  • (Tokyo) じゅ [júꜜù] (Atamadaka – [1])[1]
  • IPA(key): [d͡ʑɨː]
  • Audio:(file)

Numeral

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(じゅう) (じふ (zifu)?

  1. ten, 10
Derived terms
[edit]
Idioms
[edit]
Proverbs
[edit]

Noun

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(じゅう) (じふ (zifu)?

  1. a ten-year-old

Affix

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(じゅう) or (じっ) (jū- or ji'-じふ (zifu)?

  1. ten, 10
  2. tenth
  3. tenfold
  4. all, completely, perfect
Derived terms
[edit]

Etymology 2

[edit]
Kanji in this term
とお
Grade: 1
kun'yomi

⟨to2wo⟩ → */təwo//towo//toː/

From Old Japanese, ultimately from Proto-Japonic *təwə.

Pronunciation

[edit]

Numeral

[edit]

(とお) (とを (towo)?

  1. ten, 10
Derived terms
[edit]
Idioms
[edit]
Proverbs
[edit]

Etymology 3

[edit]
Kanji in this term

Grade: 1
kun'yomi

Shift from above.[2]

Pronunciation

[edit]

Numeral

[edit]

() (to

  1. ten, 10
Derived terms
[edit]

Etymology 4

[edit]
Kanji in this term

Grade: 1
kun'yomi

⟨so1 → */sʷo//so/

From Old Japanese.

Used in compounds.

Affix

[edit]

() (so

  1. multiplied by ten: tenfold
Derived terms
[edit]

Etymology 5

[edit]
Kanji in this term
しい
Grade: 1
irregular

From Mandarin (shí).[3]

Numeral

[edit]

(シー) (shī

  1. ten, 10
Derived terms
[edit]

Coordinate terms

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Japanese numbers
NumberKanjiKanaRomaji
0れい、ゼロrei, zero
1いちichi
2ni
3さんsan
4よん、しyon, shi
5go
6ろくroku
7なな、しちnana, shichi
8はちhachi
9きゅう、くkyū, ku
10じゅう
100ひゃくhyaku
1,000せんsen
10,000一万一萬いちまんichiman
100,000,000一億いちおくichioku

References

[edit]
  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. ^ ”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
  3. ^ ”, in デジタル大辞泉 [Digital Daijisen]‎[2] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, updated roughly every four months

Korean

[edit]
Korean numbers (edit)
100
 ←  1  ←  9 10 11  →  20  → 
1
    Native isol.: (yeol)
    Native attr.: (yeol)
    Sino-Korean: (sip)
    Hanja:
    Ordinal: 열째 (yeoljjae)

Etymology

[edit]

From Middle Chinese (MC dzyip).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 씹〮 (Yale: ssíp)
Middle Korean
Text Eumhun
Gloss (hun) Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[3] 열〮 (Yale: yél) 십〮 (Yale: síp)

Pronunciation

[edit]

Hanja

[edit]
Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

(eumhun (yeol sip))

  1. hanja form? of (ten)
  2. hanja form? of (whole; complete; perfect)

Compounds

[edit]

References

[edit]
  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [4]

Vietnamese

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Han character

[edit]

: Hán Việt readings: thập ((thực)(nhập)(thiết))[1][2][3]
: Nôm readings: thập[1][2][4]

  1. chữ Hán form of thập (ten).

Derived terms

[edit]

References

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