十字

Chinese

		ten	letter; symbol; character letter; symbol; character; word
simp. and trad. (十字)		十	字

Etymology

From a cross's graphical resemblance to the character 十 (shí, “ten”). Already used by the Liang dynasty for the "cross-shaped" sense.

Christian cross

Attested as early as 781 CE on the Xi'an Stele.

判十字以㝎四方，皷元風而生二氣。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]

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判十字以㝎四方，皷元风而生二气。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

From: 大秦景教流行中國碑頌

Pàn shízì yǐ 㝎 sìfāng, 皷 yuán fēng ér shēng èr qì. [Pinyin]

He appointed the cross as the means for determining the four cardinal points, he moved the original spirit, and produced the two principles of nature.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): shízì

  (Zhuyin): ㄕˊ ㄗˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): sap⁶ zi⁶
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): sṳ̍p-sṳ

  (Hailu, HRS): shib^ˋ sii^˖

• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): si̍p-lī / si̍p-jī

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)
    • Hanyu Pinyin: shízì
    • Zhuyin: ㄕˊ ㄗˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: shíhzìh
    • Wade–Giles: shih²-tzŭ⁴
    • Yale: shŕ-dz̀
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyrtzyh
    • Palladius: шицзы (šiczy)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂʐ̩³⁵ t͡sz̩⁵¹/
    • Homophones:

      [Show/Hide]
      edit edit 十字 識字 / 识字

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: sap⁶ zi⁶
    • Yale: sahp jih
    • Cantonese Pinyin: sap⁹ dzi⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: seb⁶ ji⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɐp̚² t͡siː²²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sṳ̍p-sṳ
    • Hakka Romanization System: siib sii
    • Hagfa Pinyim: sib⁶ si⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /sɨp̚⁵ sɨ⁵⁵/
  • (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
    • Hakka Romanization System: shib^ˋ sii^˖
    • Sinological IPA: /ʃip² sɨ³³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Taipei, Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: si̍p-lī
    • Tâi-lô: si̍p-lī
    • Phofsit Daibuun: sibli
    • IPA (Taipei): /sip̚⁴⁻³² li³³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /sip̚²⁴⁻² li⁴¹/
    • IPA (Xiamen): /sip̚⁴⁻³² li²²/
  • (Hokkien: Kaohsiung, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: si̍p-jī
    • Tâi-lô: si̍p-jī
    • Phofsit Daibuun: sibji
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /sip̚⁴⁻³² zi³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /sip̚¹²¹⁻²¹ d͡zi²²/

Noun

十字

1. cross; crucifix
2. Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see 十 (shí),‎ 字 (zì).

Derived terms

• 北歐十字 / 北欧十字 (Běi-Ōu shízì)
• 十字節 / 十字节
• 十字車 / 十字车
• 十字軍 / 十字军 (shízìjūn)
• 橫羅十字 / 横罗十字
• 畫十字 / 画十字
• 紅十字 / 红十字 (Hóngshízì)
• 鐵十字 / 铁十字

 

Adjective

十字

1. (attributive) cross-shaped

   • 君不見西陵田，從橫十字成陌阡。 [MSC, trad.]
     君不见西陵田，从横十字成陌阡。 [MSC, simp.]

     From: s:zh:樂府詩集/070卷#同前四首（梁•吳均）

     Jūn bùjiàn xīlíng tián, cónghéng shízì chéng mòqiān. [Pinyin]

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Derived terms

• 十字架 (shízìjià)
• 十字溝 / 十字沟 (Shízìgōu)
• 十字繡 / 十字绣 (shízìxiù)
• 十字聖號 / 十字圣号 (shízì shènghào)
• 十字花押
• 十字花科 (shízìhuākē)
• 十字螺絲刀 / 十字螺丝刀 (shízì luósīdāo)
• 十字螺絲批 / 十字螺丝批
• 十字街 (shízìjiē)
• 十字街頭 / 十字街头
• 十字褡 (shízìdā)
• 十字路 (shízìlù)
• 十字路口 (shízìlùkǒu)
• 十字鎬 / 十字镐 (shízìgǎo)
• 十字韌帶 / 十字韧带 (shízìrèndài)

 

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (十字):

• → Japanese: 十(じゅう)字(じ) (jūji)
• → Korean: 십자(十字) (sipja)
• → Vietnamese: thập tự (十字)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
十	字
じゅう Grade: 1	じ Grade: 1
on'yomi

Etymology

From Middle Chinese compound 十字 (MC dzyip dziH)

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) じゅうじ [júꜜùjì] (Atamadaka – [1])
• (Tokyo) じゅうじ [jùújí] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [d͡ʑɨːʑi]

Noun

十(じゅう)字(じ) • (jūji) ^{←じふじ (zifuzi)?}

1. ten characters
2. cross (shape)

   Synonym: 十文字 (jūmonji)

   • 1903, 泉鏡花, 二世の契‎^[1], 青空文庫:

     唯(ただ)、彼(あ)のこはれ／″＼の停車場(ステエシヨン)のあとへ来(き)た時(とき)、雨露(あめつゆ)に曝(さら)された十字(じふじ)の里程標(りていへう)が、枯草(かれくさ)の中(なか)に、横(よこ)になつて居(ゐ)るのを見(み)て、何(なん)となく荒野(あれの)の中(なか)の磔柱(はりつけばしら)ででもあるやうに思(おも)つた。

     Tada, ano kowaregoware no sutēshon no ato e kita toki, ametsuyu ni sarasareta jūji no riteihyō ga, karekusa no naka ni, yoko ni natte iru no o mite, nan to naku areno no naka no haritsukebashira de de mo aru yō ni omotta.

     But when I came to the ruins of that dilapidated station, I saw a weather-beaten, cross-shaped milepost lying on its side on withered grass, and somehow it seemed like a crucifixion cross in the wilderness.

3. (Christianity) sign of the cross

   十字(じゅうじ)を切(き)る

   jūji o kiru

   to cross oneself

4. Short for 十字架 (jūjika).

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 十(じゅう)字(じ)架(か) (jūjika)
• 十(じゅう)字(じ)花(か) (jūjika)
• 十(じゅう)字(じ)街(がい) (jūjigai)
• 十(じゅう)字(じ)花(か)冠(かん) (jūji kakan)
• 十(じゅう)字(じ)轡(ぐつわ) (jūjigutsuwa)
• 十(じゅう)字(じ)軍(ぐん) (jūjigun)
• 十(じゅう)字(じ)懸(けん)垂(すい) (jūji kensui)
• 十(じゅう)字(じ)座(ざ) (jūjiza)
• 十(じゅう)字(じ)石(せき) (jūjiseki)
• 十(じゅう)字(じ)の名(みょう)号(ごう) (jūji no myōgō)
• 十(じゅう)字(じ)砲(ほう)火(か) (jūji hōka)
• 十(じゅう)字(じ)路(ろ) (jūjiro)
• 十(じゅう)字(じ)を切(き)る (jūji o kiru)
• 鉤(かぎ)十(じゅう)字(じ) (kagijūji)
• 紅(こう)十(じゅう)字(じ) (kōjūji)
• 赤(せき)十(じゅう)字(じ) (sekijūji)
• 複(ふく)十(じゅう)字(じ) (fukujūji)
• 緑(みどり)十(じゅう)字(じ) (midorijūji)
• 緑(みどり)十(じゅう)字(じ) (midorijūji)
• 南(みなみ)十(じゅう)字(じ)座(ざ) (minami jūjiza)
• 南(みなみ)十(じゅう)字(じ)星(せい) (minami jūjisei)
• 緑(りょく)十(じゅう)字(じ) (ryokujūji)

Korean

Hanja in this term
十	字

Noun

十字 • (sipja) (hangeul 십자)

1. hanja form^? of 십자 (“cross”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
十	字

Noun

十字

1. chữ Hán form of thập tự (“cross”).