十方

Chinese

		ten	square; quadrilateral; place square; quadrilateral; place; region; direction; side; method; way; prescription; power; upright; just
simp. and trad. (十方)		十	方

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): shífāng

  (Zhuyin): ㄕˊ ㄈㄤ

• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): si̍p-hong

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: shífāng
    • Zhuyin: ㄕˊ ㄈㄤ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: shíhfang
    • Wade–Giles: shih²-fang¹
    • Yale: shŕ-fāng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyrfang
    • Palladius: шифан (šifan)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂʐ̩³⁵ fɑŋ⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: si̍p-hong
    • Tâi-lô: si̍p-hong
    • Phofsit Daibuun: sibhofng
    • IPA (Xiamen): /sip̚⁴⁻³² hɔŋ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /sip̚²⁴⁻² hɔŋ³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /sip̚¹²¹⁻²¹ hɔŋ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /sip̚⁴⁻³² hɔŋ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /sip̚⁴⁻³² hɔŋ⁴⁴/

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• Middle Chinese: dzyip pjang

Rime
Character	十	方
Reading #	1/1	2/2
Initial (聲)	常 (25)	幫 (1)
Final (韻)	緝 (141)	陽 (106)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	是執切	府良切
Baxter	dzyip	pjang
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡ʑiɪp̚/	/pʉɐŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/d͡ʑip̚/	/pʷiɐŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡ʑjep̚/	/piuɑŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/d͡ʑip̚/	/puaŋ/
Li Rong	/ʑiəp̚/	/piuaŋ/
Wang Li	/ʑĭĕp̚/	/pĭwaŋ/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ʑi̯əp̚/	/piwaŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shí	fāng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	sap6	fong1

Noun

十方

1. (Buddhism) the ten positions: four cardinal directions (north, south, east and west), the four ordinal directions, and the zenith and nadir

Derived terms

• 十方世界
• 十方佛 (shífāngfó)
• 十方剎 / 十方刹
• 十方十佛
• 十方地面
• 十方常住
• 十方界
• 吃十方

 

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (十方):

• → Japanese: 十方(じっぽう) (jippō)
• → Korean: 십방(十方) (sipbang)
• → Vietnamese: thập phương (十方)

See also

• 四方 (sìfāng)
• 八方 (bāfāng)

Further reading

• Ding, Fubao (丁福保) (1922), “十方” in 佛學大辭典 [A Dictionary of Chinese Buddhist Terms].