zenith

See also: zénith

English

Etymology

Diagram showing the relationship between the zenith, the nadir, and different types of horizon. Note that the zenith is opposite the nadir.

From Middle English cenyth, from Medieval Latin cenit, from Arabic سَمْت (samt, “direction, path”), from the fuller form سَمْت اَلرَّأْس (samt ar-raʔs, “direction of the head”). The -ni- for -m- is sometimes thought to be due to a misreading of the three strokes, which is plausible, though it could be a mere phonetic approximation.

Pronunciation

• (UK, General Australian) IPA^(key): /ˈzɛn.ɪθ/
• (US) IPA^(key): /ˈzi.nɪθ/

• Audio (UK):

  (file)

• Audio (US):

  (file)

• Audio (General Australian):

  (file)

Noun

zenith (plural zeniths)

1. (astronomy) The point in the sky vertically above a given position or observer; the point in the celestial sphere opposite the nadir.

   Antonyms: nadir, perigee

   • 1638, Sir Thomas Herbert, Some years travels into divers parts of Asia and Afrique:

     The 12 day wee had the wind high and large ſo that in two dayes ſaile we made the Sunne our Zenith or verticall point […]

   • 1671–1693: Rev. Thomas Jolly, private notebook; printed in: 1895, Henry Fishwick (editor), The Note Book of the Rev. Thomas Jolly: A.D. 1671–1693. Extracts from the Church Books of Altham and Wymondhouses, 1649–1725. And an Account of the Jolly Family of Standish, Gorton, and Altham, page 44

     In this 10th m. appeared that prodigious Comett the tayl whereof was like the blade of a double edged sword, and reached almost from the horizon to the zenith.

   • 1938, Xavier Herbert, chapter XI, in Capricornia‎^[1], New York: D. Appleton-Century, published 1943, page 180:

     In the east a pillar of cloud reared from horizon to zenith, with a kind of arm outstretched like a threatening colossus.

2. (astronomy) The highest point in the sky reached by a celestial body.
   • 1719 May 6 (Gregorian calendar), [Daniel Defoe], The Life and Strange Surprizing Adventures of Robinson Crusoe, […], London: […] W[illiam] Taylor […], →OCLC:

     […] in the middle of the day, when the sun was in the zenith, the violence of the heat was too great to stir out […]

   • 1920, Peter B. Kyne, chapter II, in The Understanding Heart:

     As far to the west as Monica could see, her world was a sea of fog, […] . Above it arched a cerulean sky; as the sun climbed to the zenith, […] , the fog gradually took on a bluish tinge.

3. (by extension) Highest point or state; peak.

   Winning the continental championship was the zenith of my career.

   Synonyms: acme, apogee, culmination, pinnacle

   • 1610–1611 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tempest”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene ii]:

     I find my zenith doth depend upon / A most auspicious star.

   • 1849–1861, Thomas Babington Macaulay, chapter 13, in The History of England from the Accession of James the Second, volumes (please specify |volume=I to V), London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, →OCLC:

     It was during those civil troubles […] this aspiring family reached the zenith.

   • 1900, William Beckford, The History of the Caliph Vathek‎^[2], page 173:

     "There for a while I enjoyed myself in the zenith of glory and pleasure."

Antonyms

• antizenith

Derived terms

• zenithal
• zenithally
• zenithic
• zenith sector
• zenith telescope
• zenithward

 

Related terms

• azimuth, nadir

Translations

astronomy: point vertically above a position or observer

• Arabic: سَمْت m (samt), ذُرْوَة (ar) f (ḏurwa)
• Armenian: զենիթ (hy) (zenitʻ)
• Bulgarian: зени́т (bg) m (zenít)
• Catalan: zenit (ca) m
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 天頂／天顶 (zh) (tiāndǐng)

• Czech: nadhlavník (cs) m, zenit (cs) m
• Danish: zenit (da) n
• Esperanto: zenito
• Estonian: seniit (et)
• Farefare: zuu-tẽŋasʋka
• Finnish: zeniitti (fi)
• French: zénith (fr) m
• Galician: cénit (gl) m
• German: Zenit (de) m
• Greek: ζενίθ (el) n (zeníth)
• Hebrew: זֶנִית (he) f (zenit)
• Hindi: सिम्त (hi) f (simt)
• Indonesian: zenit (id)
• Irish: buaic na spéire f
• Italian: zenit (it) m
• Japanese: 天頂 (ja) (てんちょう, tenchō)
• Kazakh: аспан биігі (aspan biıgı)
• Latin: cenit n (Mediaeval)
• Malay: zenit (ms)
• Manx: ard-niau m
• Maori: kōmata o te rangi
• Matigsalug Manobo: pekeuntud
• Middle English: cenyth
• Navajo: yá ʼałníiʼgi
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: senit n

  Nynorsk: senit n

• Persian: سمت‌الرأس (fa) (samt-or-ra's), سرسو (sarsu)
• Polish: zenit (pl) m, apogeum (pl) n
• Portuguese: zénite (pt) m (Portugal), zênite (pt) m (Brazil)
• Romanian: zenit (ro) m
• Russian: зени́т (ru) m (zenít)
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: зѐнӣт m

  Roman: zènīt (sh) m, ^{(please verify)} tjemenište n

• Spanish: cenit (es) m
• Swedish: zenit (sv), huvudpunkt c, hjässpunkt c
• Tagalog: ituktok
• Turkish: zenit (tr), başucu (tr), başucu noktası (tr), setürreis, tepe (tr)
• Ukrainian: зені́т (uk) m (zenít)
• Vietnamese: thiên đỉnh (vi)

astronomy: highest point reached by a celestial body

• Armenian: զենիթ (hy) (zenitʻ)
• Bulgarian: зени́т (bg) m (zenít)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 天頂／天顶 (zh) (tiāndǐng)

• Czech: nadhlavník (cs) m, zenit (cs) m
• Dutch: zenit (nl) n
• Estonian: seniit (et)
• Finnish: lakipiste (fi)
• French: zénith (fr) m
• Galician: cénit (gl) m
• German: Zenit (de) m
• Greek: ζενίθ (el) n (zeníth)
• Indonesian: zenit (id)
• Japanese: 天頂 (ja) (てんちょう, tenchō)
• Malay: zenit (ms)
• Manx: ard-niau m
• Maori: kōmata (o te rangi)
• Navajo: yá ʼałníiʼgi
• Polish: zenit (pl) m
• Portuguese: zénite (pt) m (Portugal), zênite (pt) m (Brazil)
• Russian: зени́т (ru) m (zenít)
• Swedish: zenit (sv)
• Tagalog: ituktok
• Turkish: zenit (tr), zirve (tr), doruk (tr), tepe (tr), ayyuk (tr)
• Vietnamese: thiên đỉnh (vi) (天頂)

highest point or state; peak

• Arabic: سَمْت m (samt), ذُرْوَة (ar) f (ḏurwa)
• Armenian: զենիթ (hy) (zenitʻ)
• Bulgarian: зени́т (bg) m (zenít)
• Catalan: zenit (ca) m
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 頂點／顶点 (zh) (dǐngdiǎn)

• Czech: zenit (cs) m
• Estonian: seniit (et)
• Finnish: huippu (fi), huipennus (fi), huippukohta, kohokohta (fi)
• French: zénith (fr) m
• Galician: cénit (gl) m
• Georgian: ზენიტი (zeniṭi)
• German: Zenit (de) m
• Greek: απόγειο (el) n (apógeio), ζενίθ (el) n (zeníth)

  Ancient: ἀκμή f (akmḗ)

• Hindi: पराकाष्ठा (hi) f (parākāṣṭhā), स्वर्ग (hi) m (svarg), सिम्त (hi) f (simt)
• Italian: zenit (it) m, culmine (it) m, apice (it) m
• Japanese: 頂点 (ja) (ちょうてん, chōten), 絶頂 (ja) (ぜっちょう, zecchō)
• Persian: اوج (fa) (owj)
• Polish: zenit (pl) m
• Portuguese: topo (pt) m, cume (pt) m
• Russian: зени́т (ru) m (zenít), расцве́т (ru) m (rascvét), вы́сшая то́чка f (výsšaja tóčka)
• Sanskrit: पराकाष्ठा f (parākāṣṭhā)
• Scottish Gaelic: bàrr m
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: зѐнӣт m

  Roman: zènīt (sh) m

• Spanish: apogeo (es) m, cenit (es) m
• Swedish: zenit (sv)
• Telugu: స్వర్గము (te) (svargamu)
• Turkish: zirve (tr), doruk (tr), tepe (tr), ayyuk (tr)
• Ukrainian: зені́т (uk) m (zenít)
• Vietnamese: cực điểm (vi), điểm cao nhất, tột đỉnh (vi)

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

Translations to be checked

• Interlingua: ^{(please verify)} zenit

Further reading

• zenith on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

Anagrams

• Heintz, Hintze