з-
Abkhaz
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Prefix
[edit]з- • (z-)
- (1st person singular pronoun) I.
Usage notes
[edit]Used in some transitive verbs for 1st-person singular as the subject, instead of с- (s-).
- усбоит → узбоит ― uzbojtʼ ― I see you
- исгоит → изгоит ― izgojtʼ ― I take it
- иузысгеит → иузызгеит ― iwzəzgejtʼ ― I took it for you
- исдыруеит → издыруеит ― izdərwejtʼ ― I know it
See also
[edit]Abkhaz personal pronouns
| singular | plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person | сара (sara), с- (s-), сы- (sə-), з- (z-) | ҳара (ḥara), а- (a-), ҳ- (ḥ-), ҳа- (ḥa-) | |
| 2nd person | m | уара (wara), у- (u-) | шәара (ŝʷara), шә- (ŝʷ-), шәы- (ŝʷə-), жә- (ẑʷ-) |
| f | бара (bara), б- (b-), бы- (bə-) | ||
| 3rd person | m | иара (jara), и- (i-), д- (d-), ды- (də-) | дара (dara), и- (i-), р- (r-), ры- (rə-) |
| f | лара (lara), д- (d-), л- (l-), лы- (lə-), | ||
| n | иара (jara), а- (a-), и- (i-) | ||
Ukrainian
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]
Etymology 1
[edit]Inherited from Old East Slavic з-, с- (z-, s-), from Old East Slavic з-, съ- (z-, sŭ-), from Proto-Slavic *sъ(n)-. Doublet of со- (so-) from Old Church Slavonic съ- (sŭ-), as well as doublet of ко-, ком-, кон-, сим- and син- (ko-, kom-, kon-, sym- and syn-).
Alternative forms
[edit]- с- (s-) — before voiceless consonants
- зі- (zi-) — before certain consonant clusters; before "с" and "з"
- зо- (zo-) — before certain consonant clusters; before "с" and "з"
Prefix
[edit]з- • (z-)
- (used with verbs) attached to imperfective verbs to form the perfective aspect
- з- (z-) + ї́сти impf (jísty, “to eat”) → з'ї́сти pf (zʺjísty)
- з- (z-) + роби́ти impf (robýty, “to do, to make”) → зроби́ти pf (zrobýty)
- з- (z-) + розумі́ти impf (rozumíty, “to understand”) → зрозумі́ти pf (zrozumíty)
- (used with verbs) together (indicates bringing together literally or abstractly)
- з- (z-) + в'яза́ти impf (vʺjazáty, “to bind, to tie”) → зв'яза́ти pf (zvʺjazáty, “to bind/tie together, to connect, to link”)
- зі- (zi-) + бра́ти impf (bráty, “to take”) → зібра́ти pf (zibráty, “to collect, to gather, to assemble”)
- зі- (zi-) + ста́вити impf (stávyty, “to put”) → зіста́вити pf (zistávyty, “to put together, to compare”)
- (used with verbs) down (indicates downward movement)
- зі- (zi-) + йти́ impf (jtý, “to go”) → зійти́ pf (zijtý, “to go down, to descend”)
- з- (z-) + нести́ impf (nestý, “to carry, to bring”) → знести́ pf (znestý, “to carry down, to bring down, to demolish”)
- з- (z-) + би́ти impf (býty, “to hit, to strike”) → зби́ти pf (zbýty, “to knock down, to shoot down, to down”)
- (used with verbs) off, off from (indicates removal or extraction from somewhere)
- (used to form adverbs from adjectives)
- (used to form prefixes)
Etymology 2
[edit]Inherited from Old Ruthenian з-, уз-, вз- (z-, uz-, vz-), from Old East Slavic въз-, въс- (vŭz-, vŭs-), from Proto-Slavic *vъz-. Doublet of воз- (voz-) from Old Church Slavonic въз- (vŭz-).
Alternative forms
[edit]- зі- (zi-) — before certain consonant clusters; before "с" and "з"
- с- (s-) — before voiceless consonants
- вз- (vz-)
- вс- (vs-)
Prefix
[edit]з- • (z-)
- (used with verbs) up (indicates upward movement)
- зі- (zi-) + йти impf (jty, “to go”) → зійти́ pf (zijtý, “to go up, to ascend”)
- з- (z-) + вести́ impf (vestý, “to lead, to take”) → звести́ pf (zvestý, “to lift, to erect, to cock (a trigger)”)
- вс- (vs-) + ста́ти pf (státy, “to stand”) → вста́ти pf (vstáty, “to stand up, to rise, to wake up”)
- (used with verbs) indicates suddenness or abruptness
- (used with verbs) re-, back
- с- (s-) + помина́ти impf (pomynáty, “to commemorate, to mention”) → спомина́ти impf (spomynáty, “to recall”)
- с- (s-) + пам'ята́ти impf (pamʺjatáty, “to remember”) → спам'ята́ти pf (spamʺjatáty, “to recall”)
- з- (z-) + верну́ти impf (vernúty, “to turn”) → (rare) зверну́ти pf (zvernúty, “to turn back”)
- (used to form nouns) next to, by, along
- уз- (uz-) + ліс (lis, “forest”) + -я (-ja) → узлі́сся (uzlíssja, “forest edge, woodland edge”)
- уз- (uz-) + бе́рег (béreh, “bank, shore”) + -я (-ja) → узбере́жжя (uzberéžžja, “coastline, seashore, littoral”)
- уз- (uz-) + голова́ (holová, “head”) + -я (-ja) → узголо́в'я (uzholóvʺja, “bedhead, head of the bed”)
- (used to form adverbs/prepositions) along
Etymology 3
[edit]Inherited from Old Ruthenian з-, с-, из- (z-, s-, iz-), from Old East Slavic из-, ис- (iz-, is-), from Proto-Slavic *jьz-. Doublet of екс- (eks-).
Alternative forms
[edit]Prefix
[edit]з- • (z-)
- (used with verbs) attached to imperfective verbs to form the perfective aspect
- (used with verbs) out (indicates intensity, extensiveness or exhaustion)
- з- (z-) + cуши́ти impf (cušýty, “to dry”) → зсуши́ти pf (zsušýty, “to dry out, to desiccate, to exhaust”)
- с- (s-) + писа́ти impf (pysáty, “to write”) → списа́ти pf (spysáty, “to write all over, to cover with writing”)
- с- (s-) + носи́ти impf (nosýty, “to wear”) → зноси́ти pf (znosýty, “to wear out”)
- (used with verbs) ex-, out (indicates elimination)
- з- (z-) + води́ти impf (vodýty, “to lead, to take”) → зво́дити impf (zvódyty, “to exterminate, to excruciate, to waste (time)”)
- з- (z-) + жи́ти impf (žýty, “to live”) → зжи́ти pf (zžýty, “to get rid of, to eradicate”)
- з- (z-) + (obsolete) ба́вити impf (bávyty, “to add”) → зба́вити pf (zbávyty, “to rid of, to save from”)
- ex-, out (indicates outward movement)
- (used to form adverbs) from
- (used to form prepositions) from
Derived terms
[edit]Categories:
- Abkhaz lemmas
- Abkhaz prefixes
- Abkhaz terms with usage examples
- Ukrainian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ukrainian terms inherited from Old East Slavic
- Ukrainian terms derived from Old East Slavic
- Ukrainian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Ukrainian terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Ukrainian doublets
- Ukrainian lemmas
- Ukrainian prefixes
- Ukrainian terms inherited from Old Ruthenian
- Ukrainian terms derived from Old Ruthenian