| Proto-Indo-European
|
Germanic
|
Latin
|
Ancient Greek
|
other
|
| *h₂eǵ- (drive)
|
acre, acreman, aik (non), cast (non), tinker, chaton (fr < frk)
|
act, abaction, abactor, actuary, action, active, chasten (fr), castigate, chastise (fr), fatigue (fr), funk (fr), fumigate, coagulum, coagulate, quail (fr), examen, examine, exam, examination, actor, agitate, agitation, actrix, actrice (fr), agitator, cogitate, cogitabund, cogitation, agenda, agent, agency, agile, agility, ambiguous, ambiguity, cogent, cogency, coact, cache (fr), exiguous, exact, essay (fr), indagate, litigate, litigation, litigant, mitigate, mitigation, navigate, navigation, circumnavigate, circumnavigation, navigable, navigability, navy (fr), prodigate, prodigy, prodigal, purge (fr), purgation, Purgatory, purgative, react, reaction, redact, redaction, exact, transigent, transact, transaction, variegate, actual, actuality, investigate, levigate, vestigate, investigate, vestige, investigation, pervestigate, agrarian, agriculture, agrestic, agricultor, pilgrim (gmw), peregrine (fr), pelerin (fr), peregrinate, peregrination, exaggerate, exaggeration, congeries, congestion, congest, egest, gestation, gestate, armiger, gerund, belligerent, claviger, falciger, veliger, gesture, ingest, ingestion, suggest, suggestion
|
Agesilaus, agoge, galactagogue (la), demagogue (la), pedagogue (la), agon, agony (fr < la), agonize, agonistes, agonist, antagonist, protagonist, epagoge, archisynagogue (la), synagogue (la), chiragra (la), podagra, Meleager (la), axiogenesis, axiom
|
ambassador (fr < la < gau), embassy (fr < la < gau)
|
| *h₂egʰ- (be upset)
|
ail, ey, awe (non), awesome (non)
|
—
|
Achilles
|
—
|
| *h₂eh₃- (be hot)
|
amper
|
—
|
ephemeris, ephemeral (la)
|
—
|
| *h₂eHs- (be dry)
|
star, starn (non), ash,
|
arid, ardent, ardor, stella, Stella, étoile (fr), Estelle (fr < oc), Estrella (es), stellar, stellate
|
aster, disaster (la), asterisk, astrolabe, astrology, astronomy, astro-, astronaut, astronomical, astronomer, astrophysics,
|
Sirona (la < gau), Ishtar (akk, sem < ine), Esther (he < fa), Astarte (la < grc < phn, sem < ine)
|
| *h₂eḱ- (sharp)
|
hammer, heaven, awn (non), tear, Egbert, edge, heark, hearken, hear, hearsome
|
acrimony, acrimonious, acrity, acrid, acritude, acid, acidic, dulcacid, acidity, acies, acrylic, acerb, acerbic, acerbity, acerbitude, acerbate, exacerbate, exacerbation, acervate, acervatio, eager (fr), vinegar (fr), acerose, lacrimal, lachrymation, lachrymose, astute, aculeus, acuity, acumen, acute, cacuminous, cacuminal, ague (fr), mediocre, mediocrity
|
Trinacria (la), akroposthion, acme, dacryo-, oxy-, oxygen, oxia, oxytone
|
Asman (ae)
|
| *h₂eḱs- (axis)
|
axle
|
axis, axilla, ala, ali-, aisle (fr), alate
|
axon
|
—
|
| *h₂el- (grow)
|
old, eld, elder, olden, world, alderman, ellen, elne
|
coalesce, adolescent, adolescence, alimentary, aliment, alimony, abolish (fr), abolition, obsolesce, obsolescent, obsolete, adolesce, obsolescence, exolete, indoles, redolent, alumnus, element, elementary, alto (it), altitude, haute couture (fr), alvine, alveus, proletariat
|
—
|
—
|
| *h₂el- (beyond)
|
else, all, Alemannic (la < gem)
|
alter, advoutrer (fr), adulterate, adulterine, advowtry (fr), avowtry (fr), adultery, adult, altercate, altercation, alteration, ultra
|
allo-, hypallage, alias, alien
|
—
|
| *h₂el- (wander)
|
—
|
amble (fr), ambulance, ambulate, circumambulate, obambulate, obambulation, perambulate, preamble (fr), ambulacrum, ambulator, ambulatory, hallucinate, hallucination
|
—
|
—
|
| *h₂ems- (give birth)
|
Oswald, Anselm (lng), Osborn, Osmond, Astrid (non), Æsir (non)
|
—
|
—
|
asur (hi)
|
| *h₂endʰ- (bloom)
|
—
|
—
|
chrysanthemum, anther, anthia
|
—
|
| *h₂eng- (curve)
|
ankle
|
angle (fr), angular, angulous, multangular, quadrangle (fr), quadrangular, triangle, triangular
|
—
|
—
|
| *h₂enǵʰ- (constrict)
|
agnail, hangnail, eng (nl), anger (non), angst (da < gml),
|
anxious, angina, anxiety, angust, anguish (fr)
|
cynanche
|
—
|
| *h₂enh₁- (breathe)
|
ande, onde, and
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
| *h₂enk- (curve)
|
angle, angler,
|
uncinus, uncinate, aduncity
|
ankylosis, ankylo-, anchor (gmw < la)
|
—
|
| *h₂ent- (face)
|
and, and-, un-, unbind, adread, dread, answer, along, umbe, umb, um, end, endless,
|
ante-, avant-garde (fr), a.m., anticipate, anticipation, ancestor (fr), antecessor, antecede, antebellum, antemortem, antefix, antefixum, antevolate, anterior, antic (it), Antigua (es), antique (fr), antiquary, antiquarian, antiquity, antiae, ambi-, ambiguous, ambidextrous, ambivalent, ambient, ambience, ambition, ambitious, ambit, ambages, amputate, amputation, amputee, amburbium
|
anti-, Antigone, antidoron, antidote, antagonist, Antiochus, Antioch, anthippasia, Anticlea, Antikythera, antilogue (fr < la), Antilochus, Antiphon, Antinous, Antipater, antirrhinum, amphibious, amphibian, amphitheater
|
ambassador (fr < it < oc < la < gau), embassy (fr < it < oc < la < gau)
|
| *h₂ep- (water)
|
ape, Affenpinscher (de)
|
amnicolist
|
—
|
Sumatra (ms < sa), Avon (bry), apsara (hi < sa)
|
| *h₂ep- (join)
|
—
|
couple (fr), copula, adapt, apt, inept, apex, copulate, copulation
|
haptic, haptics, synapse, synaptic, apse (la)
|
—
|
| *h₂er- (fit)
|
arm
|
ordo, order (fr), ordinary, ornery, ordinariate, ordinate, ordain (fr), ornate, orn, adorn, exornation, ornament, ornate, suborn, ordination, ranny (fr), araneous, armomancy, arms (fr), armoire (fr), ambry (fr), armarium, army (fr), armada (es), armiger, armipotent, armisonant, armature, armure (fr), armor (fr), ramus, ramify, ramification, ramose, ramous, ramulose, art (fr), inert, inertia, artisan, artisanal, artist, artistic, article, articulate, inarticulate, articulation
|
arachnid, arachnoid, harmony, harmonic, philharmonic, Aristaeus, Aristarchus, Aristides, Aristotle, Aristophanes,
|
asha (ae), Artaxerxes (grc < peo)
|
| *h₂erǵ- (white)
|
Archibald
|
argent, Argentina, argentous, argenteus, argue, redargue, argumentation, argument, argumentum,
|
argil (la), hydrargyrum (la), argyr-, litharge (la), Argo, Argonaut
|
—
|
| *h₂erh₃- (plough)
|
ear, ard (no)
|
aration, arable, exarate, exaration
|
arura
|
Aryaman (sa), Aryan (sa), Arya (sa), Alan (la < grc < os), alaunt (fr < osp < got < la < grc < os), Iran (fa)
|
| *h₂erk- (protect)
|
—
|
coerce, exercise, Lupercus, Lupercalia, ark (gmw), arch (fr), arcane, parsimony, Orcus, orc (it), ogre (fr),
|
autarkic, autarky
|
—
|
| *h₂ew- (enjoy)
|
eath
|
avid, avarice, audacious, audacity, avidity
|
—
|
—
|
| *h₂ew- (perceive)
|
ear, heark, hearken, hear,
|
aur-, aural, scout (fr), auscultate, auscult, auscultation, auscultator, auricle, auricula, audio, audience, audition, audit, auditor, audile, audient, auditorium, auditory, audible, inaudible, obey (fr), obedient, obedience, subaudi, subaudite
|
oto-, ot-, otic, aesthetic
|
—
|
| *h₂ewg- (increase)
|
eke, nickname,
|
action, auteur (fr), author (fr), lamed auctoris, authority (fr), auctrix, authrix, augment, augmentation, august, August, Augustus, Augusta, auxiliar, auxiliary, augur, auspice, auspicious, augury, inaugurate, inauguration, inaugur
|
—
|
—
|
| *h₂ews- (dawn)
|
east, eastern, Easter, Eostre (ang), Austria (la < goh)
|
aurora, Aurora, aurorean, aurum, or (fr), aureate, auriferous, auripigment, orpiment (fr), orphrey (fr), oriole (fr), aureole, aureolin, aureus, ostro (it), austral, Australia,
|
Eos, aura, aero-, air (fr, la < grc), aria (it, la), aerate (la)
|
Ushas (sa)
|
| *h₂ey- (vital force)
|
aye (non), young, youth, youngling
|
primevous, aevum, aeviternity, æt., puer aeternus, ab aeterno, eternal, eternity, eterne (fr), puella aeterna, longevity, junior, juvenile, rejuvenate, emulous, Emil (fr), Emily (fr), emulate, emulation, emulator, image (fr), imagine, imagination, imago, imaginary, imaginable, unimaginable, imaginous, imitate, imitation, imitable, imitative, imitator
|
eon, kairos
|
Ayurveda (sa)
|
| *h₂ey- (give)
|
oath
|
—
|
Theaetetus, diet (fr < la), dietary (la), dietician (la), etiology, Menoetius
|
—
|
| *h₂ey- (day)
|
ere, early
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
| *h₂eydʰ- (ignite)
|
anneal, oast
|
cavaedium, aedicula, edifice, edification, edify, aedile, aestive, estival, estuary
|
ether, ethereal (la)
|
—
|
| *h₂eyḱ- (obtain)
|
owe, ought, own, aught, freight (gml), fraught (gml)
|
—
|
—
|
Ganesha (sa)
|
| *h₂eys- (wish)
|
ask, asking
|
aim (fr), estimate, estimation, esteem (fr), estimable, inestimable
|
—
|
—
|
| *h₂eysd- (laud)
|
—
|
—
|
metoidioplasty
|
—
|
| *h₂ger- (gather)
|
—
|
grex, gregal, gregarious, aggregate, aggregation, congregate, congregation, congregational, congregationalism, segregate, segregation
|
agora, agoraphobia, Pythagoras, category (la), categorize (la), categoria (la), Anaxagoras, panegyris, panegyric, Protagoras
|
—
|
| *h₂leg- (care for)
|
leech (gem < cel < gem)
|
dilection, diligent, diligence, intellect, intelligent, intelligence, intellection, intellectual, intelligible, neglect, negligence, negligent, religion, religious
|
Ucalegon
|
—
|
| *h₂lek- (protect)
|
—
|
—
|
Alexander, Alexandria, Alexis, Alex, Alastair (gd), Allison (en), Alexandretta, Alcaeus, lek (sq)
|
—
|
| *h₂lewgʰ- (announce)
|
lie, belie, lain (non)
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
| *h₂leyH- (smear)
|
—
|
delete, deletion, liniment, obliterate
|
—
|
—
|
| *h₂meh₁- (mow)
|
mow, math, aftermath, mead, meadow
|
—
|
aam (nl < la)
|
—
|
| *h₂melǵ- (milk)
|
milk, milch
|
emulge, emulsion, vaccimulgence, promulge, promulgate, promulgation
|
—
|
—
|
| *h₂meygʷ- (change)
|
transmigrate, commigrate, demigrate, emigrate, immigrate, migrate, migration, migratory
|
—
|
amoeba
|
—
|
| *h₂neḱ- (reach)
|
enough, nigh, near, next
|
—
|
Ananke, anangeon, onco-, oncology
|
—
|
| *h₂reh₁- (think)
|
—
|
ration, reason (fr), ratio, rational, rationality, irrational, rationale, ratiuncule, rate, ratiocination, ratiocinative, reasonable (fr), renable (fr)
|
arete
|
—
|
| *h₂rey- (count)
|
ready, graith (non), gradely (non), read, rede, agree (fr), rime, rhyme (fr < frk)
|
—
|
arithmetic
|
—
|
| *h₂sews- (be dry)
|
sere, sear, searing, sorrel (fr < frk)
|
—
|
austere (la), austerity (la)
|
—
|
| *h₂weg- (increase)
|
wax, waist, oker (non), ocker (non)
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
| *h₂weh₁- (blow)
|
wind, weather, unweather
|
vent, Ventôse (fr), ventilate, ventilation, ventilator, fan (ang), van (fr)
|
atmosphere
|
nirvana (sa), Vayu (sa)
|
| *h₂welh₁- (rule)
|
wield, wald, herald (fr < frk), cuckold (fr < frk), Walter (fr < frk), Gutierrez (es < fr < frk), Harold, Oswald, Ronald (sga < non), Ranald (sga < non), Reynold (fr < frk), Reginald (la < frk), Renault (fr < frk), Arnold (fr < frk), Gerald (fr < frk), Geraldine (fr < frk), Garrett (fr < frk), Jarrett (fr < frk), Garret (fr < frk), Harrell, Harrelson, Reynolds (fr < frk), Walters (fr < frk), Wat (enm < fr < frk), Watkins (enm < fr < frk), Watson (enm < fr < frk), Watt (enm < fr < frk), Watts (enm < fr < frk), Waters (fr < frk), Fitzgerald (fr < frk), McReynolds (ga < fr < frk), Wally (fr < frk), Walt (fr < frk), Waldemar (de)
|
vale, valediction, valiant (fr), vail (fr), value (fr), equivalent, equivalence, valent, valence, equivale, prevalent, prevalence, prevail (fr), valetudinarian, valid, invalid, validity, valor, Valentine, Valentina, Valentinus, Valentino, Valentinian
|
—
|
Toole (ga), Donald (la < sga), Domhnall (ga), Connell (ga), Connel (ga), Cathal (ga), Donaldson (enm < la < sga), MacDonald (gd), McConnell (gd, ga), McDaniel (gd), McDonald (gd), Kermit (gv), Kermode (gv), McDermott (ga), Donnell (ga), O'Donnell (ga), Cadwallader (cy), Callan (ga), O'Connell (ga), oblast (ru < cu), Vladimir (ru), Vlad (ru), Volodymyr (uk), Ladislaus (sla), Laszlo (hu)
|
| *h₂welh₁- (hair)
|
wool, woolen
|
lanner (fr), lanugo, villus, villous, velvet (oc), velour (fr < oc), adulate, adulation, adulator, adulatory,
|
—
|
flannel (fr < gau)
|
| *h₂wes- (dwell)
|
was, were
|
Vesta, vestal
|
Astyanax
|
Vasu (sa)
|
| *h₂yew- (straight)
|
—
|
jury, perjure, perjury, jurisdiction, injure, injury, injurious, abjure, abjuration, de jure, adjure, adjuration, conjure, conjuration, just (fr), justice (fr), justify, justification, justiciar, justiciary, judiciary, injustice, giusto (it),
|
—
|
Griffith (cy), Griffiths (cy), Griffin (la < cy), Joyce (fr < br), Jekyll (br), Jewel (br), Jewell (br)
|
| Proto-Indo-European
|
Germanic
|
Latin
|
Ancient Greek
|
other
|
