Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂melǵ-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*h₂melǵ-

1. to milk
2. milk

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂melǵ- (12 c, 0 e)

• *h₂mélǵ-ti ~ *h₂ml̥ǵ-énti (athematic root present)
  • Proto-Celtic: *mligeti
    • Old Irish: mligid
      • Middle Irish: bligid
• *h₂mélǵ-e-ti (thematic root present)
  • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *melźtei
    • Lithuanian: melžti (“to milk”)
    • Proto-Slavic: *melzti (“to milk”)
  • Proto-Germanic: *melkaną (“to milk”)
  • Proto-Hellenic:
    • Ancient Greek: ἀμέλγω (amélgō, “I milk”)
      • Greek: αρμέγω (armégo)
• *h₂molǵ-éye-ti (iterative)
  • Proto-Italic: *molgeō
    • Latin: mulgeō (“I milk”)
• *h₂mélǵ-os ~ h₂mélǵ-es-os (s-stem noun)
  • Proto-Celtic: *melgos
    • Old Irish: melg
• Unsorted formations:
  • Proto-Albanian: *melj́-ō
    • Albanian: mjel (“to milk”)
  • Proto-Balto-Slavic:
    • Latvian: malks (“sip, nip, swig”)
    • Lithuanian: malkas
  • Proto-Celtic: *mlixtus (< *h₂ml̥ǵtus)
    • Old Irish: mlicht
      • Middle Irish: blicht
        • Irish: bleacht (“milk yield”)
    • Proto-Brythonic: bliθ
      • Welsh: blith (“milch”)
  • Proto-Germanic: *melkaz (“milky, milk-giving”)
    • ⇒ Proto-Germanic: *milkijaz
      • Old English: *melċe, *milċe (þrimilċe)
        • Middle English: milche, melche
          • English: milch
      • Old Frisian:
        • Saterland Frisian: meelk
      • Old Saxon:
        • Low German: melke
      • Old High German: melch
        • Middle High German: mëlch, melk
          • Alemannic German: mëlch
          • German: melk
      • Old Norse:
        • Icelandic: milkur, mjólkur
  • Proto-Germanic: *meluks (“milk”) (with unexplained -u-)
    • → Proto-Samic: *mielkkē
    • →? Proto-Slavic: *melko (“milk”)
  • Proto-Tocharian:
    • Tocharian A: malke (“milk”), mālk- (“to milk”) (< *h₂melǵ-ei̯e)
    • Tocharian B: malkwer (“milk”), mālkant (“to milk”)