Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂erk-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*h₂erk- (imperfective)^[1]^[2]

to protect, guard, hold, lock

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂erk- (13 c, 0 e)

*h₂érk-ti ~ *h₂r̥k-énti (root present)^[3]
- Anatolian:
  - Hittite: 𒄯𒍝 (ḫar-za /⁠ḫarza⁠/), 𒄯𒍣 (ḫar-zi /⁠ḫarzi⁠/)
*h₂orké-ye-ti (causative)^[4]
- Proto-Italic: *arkeō
  - Latin: arceō
  - Oscan: 𐌕𐌓𐌝𐌁𐌀𐌓𐌀𐌊𐌀𐌅𐌞𐌌 (tríbarakavúm, inf.), 𐌕𐌓𐌝𐌁𐌀𐌓𐌀𐌊𐌀𐌕𐌕𐌝𐌍𐌔 (tríbarakattíns, 3pl.perf.subj.), 𐌕𐌓𐌝𐌁𐌀𐌓𐌀𐌊𐌀𐌕𐌕𐌖𐌔𐌄𐌕 (tríbarakattuset, “build”, 3pl.fut.perf.) (< *trēb-ark-ā-, denominative of 𐌕𐌓𐌝𐌁𐌀𐌓𐌀𐌊𐌊𐌋𐌖𐌚 (tríbarakkluf, “building”, nom.sg.) < *trēb-ark-iōn-s)
*h₂poh₂orké-ye-ti (causative)^[5]
- Proto-Germanic: *fargijaną
  - Faroese: fergja
  - Icelandic: fergja
  - Norwegian Nynorsk: fergja
- Proto-Italic: *porkeō
  - Latin: porceō
*h₂poh₂érketi
- Proto-Italic: *parkō
  - Latin: parcō
*h₂orkos
- Proto-Italic: *orkos
  - Latin: Orcus
*h₂érk-os ~ *h₂érk-es-
- Hellenic:
  - Ancient Greek: ἄρκος (árkos)
    - Ancient Greek: ἀρκέω (arkéō)
*h₂erk-es-eh₂
- Proto-Italic: *arkezā
  - Latin: arcera
*h₂erk-s
- Proto-Italic: *arks
  - Latin: arx
*h₂erk-eh₂
- Proto-Italic: *arkā
  - Latin: arca, arcānus, arcānum
Unsorted formations:
- Armenian:^[6]
  - Old Armenian: արգել (argel)

References

^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) “areq-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 65-66
^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*h₂erk-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 273
^ Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008) “ḫar(k)-^zi”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 355-357
^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “arceō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 51
^ Guus Kroonen (2013) “*fargjan-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 128-129
^ Martirosyan, Hrach (2010) “argel”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden and Boston: Brill, pages 133-134

[1] Pokorny, Julius (1959) “areq-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 65-66

[2] Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*h₂erk-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 273

[3] Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008) “ḫar(k)-^zi”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 355-357

[4] De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “arceō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 51

[5] Guus Kroonen (2013) “*fargjan-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 128-129

[6] Martirosyan, Hrach (2010) “argel”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden and Boston: Brill, pages 133-134

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Proto-Indo-European

Root

Derived terms

See also

References