porceo

Latin

Etymology

From po- +‎ arceō.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈpoːr.ke.oː/, [ˈpoːrkeoː] or IPA^(key): /ˈpor.ke.oː/, [ˈpɔrkeoː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈpor.t͡ʃe.o/, [ˈpɔrt͡ʃeo]
• Note: there are no other examples of ŏ-ă hiatus from which to generalize the length of the resulting vowel; however, by the general rule a short vowel is simply deleted.

Verb

pō̆rceō (present infinitive pō̆rcēre); second conjugation, no perfect or supine stem

1. (archaic) to keep or ward off or back, hinder, restrain
   • c. 2nd century, Sextus Pompeius Festus, De verborum significatione 218. (This folk-etymology might yield evidence for short pǒrcēre):

     porcae appellantur rārī sulcī, quī dūcuntur aquae dērīvandae grātiā, dictī quod pō̆rcent, id est prohibent aquam frūmentīs nocēre.

   • c. 165 BCE – 103 BCE, Gaius Lucilius, Saturae apud Nonium Marcellum 160.9:

     nōn tē porrō prōcēdere pō̆rcent.

   • 239 BCE – 169 BCE, Ennius, Telamo apud Nonium Marcellum 160.6:

     deum mē sentit facere pietās, cīvium pō̆rcet pudor.

   • 116 BCE – 27 BCE, Marcus Terentius Varro, Menippeae apud Nonium Marcellum 160.8:

     hunc Cerēs, cibī ministra, frūgibus suīs pō̆rcet.

   • 2nd century BCE, Marcus Pacuvius, Atalanta apud Nonium Marcellum 160.2:

     mī gnāte, ut verear ēloquī, pō̆rcet pudor.

   • 170 BCE – c. 86 BCE, Accius, Epigoni apud Nonium Marcellum 160.5:

     quibus oculīs quisquam nostrum poterit illōrum optuī
     vultūs, quōs jam ab armīs annī pō̆rcent?

Usage notes

The perfect stem porxī appears only once in a gloss by the grammarian Charisius.

Conjugation

Conjugation of pō̆rceō (second conjugation, no supine stem, no perfect stem)
indicative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	pō̆rceō	pō̆rcēs	pō̆rcet	pō̆rcēmus	pō̆rcētis	pō̆rcent
	imperfect	pō̆rcēbam	pō̆rcēbās	pō̆rcēbat	pō̆rcēbāmus	pō̆rcēbātis	pō̆rcēbant
	future	pō̆rcēbō	pō̆rcēbis	pō̆rcēbit	pō̆rcēbimus	pō̆rcēbitis	pō̆rcēbunt
passive	present	pō̆rceor	pō̆rcēris, pō̆rcēre	pō̆rcētur	pō̆rcēmur	pō̆rcēminī	pō̆rcentur
	imperfect	pō̆rcēbar	pō̆rcēbāris, pō̆rcēbāre	pō̆rcēbātur	pō̆rcēbāmur	pō̆rcēbāminī	pō̆rcēbantur
	future	pō̆rcēbor	pō̆rcēberis, pō̆rcēbere	pō̆rcēbitur	pō̆rcēbimur	pō̆rcēbiminī	pō̆rcēbuntur
subjunctive		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	pō̆rceam	pō̆rceās	pō̆rceat	pō̆rceāmus	pō̆rceātis	pō̆rceant
	imperfect	pō̆rcērem	pō̆rcērēs	pō̆rcēret	pō̆rcērēmus	pō̆rcērētis	pō̆rcērent
passive	present	pō̆rcear	pō̆rceāris, pō̆rceāre	pō̆rceātur	pō̆rceāmur	pō̆rceāminī	pō̆rceantur
	imperfect	pō̆rcērer	pō̆rcērēris, pō̆rcērēre	pō̆rcērētur	pō̆rcērēmur	pō̆rcērēminī	pō̆rcērentur
imperative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	—	pō̆rcē	—	—	pō̆rcēte	—
	future	—	pō̆rcētō	pō̆rcētō	—	pō̆rcētōte	pō̆rcentō
passive	present	—	pō̆rcēre	—	—	pō̆rcēminī	—
	future	—	pō̆rcētor	pō̆rcētor	—	—	pō̆rcentor
non-finite forms		active			passive
		present	perfect	future	present	perfect	future
infinitives		pō̆rcēre	—	—	pō̆rcērī	—	—
participles		pō̆rcēns	—	—	—	—	pō̆rcendus
verbal nouns		gerund				supine
		genitive	dative	accusative	ablative	accusative	ablative
		pō̆rcendī	pō̆rcendō	pō̆rcendum	pō̆rcendō	—	—

Related terms

• abarceō / aberceō
• arceō
• coerceō
• exerceō

References

• “porceo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• porceo in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• porceo in Georges, Karl Ernst, Georges, Heinrich (1913–1918) Ausführliches lateinisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch, 8th edition, volume 2, Hahnsche Buchhandlung
• “porceo” in volume 10/1, column 2741, line 54 in the Thesaurus Linguae Latinae (TLL Open Access), Berlin (formerly Leipzig): De Gruyter (formerly Teubner), 1900–present
• De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “arceō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 51