coerceo

Latin

Alternative forms

• coherceō

Etymology

From con- +‎ arceō (“enclose; keep off”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /koˈer.ke.oː/, [koˈɛrkeoː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /koˈer.t͡ʃe.o/, [koˈɛrt͡ʃeo]

Verb

coerceō (present infinitive coercēre, perfect active coercuī, supine coercitum); second conjugation

1. to enclose on all sides, hold together; surround, encompass
2. to restrain, keep back, confine, shut up or in, hold in confinement, repress

   Synonyms: inclūdō, moderor, supprimō, refrēnō, arceō, intersaepiō, claudō, interclūdō, comprimō, reprimō, premō, urgeō, sustentō, retineō

   Antonyms: līberō, eximō, vindicō, servō, exonerō, absolvō, excipiō, ēmittō

   • 8 CE, Ovid, Fasti 1.715:

     sōla gerat mīles, quibus arma coerceat, arma

     May the soldier bear arms only to restrain [the use of] arms.

3. (figuratively, of discourse) to keep within limits, control, limit

   Synonyms: līmitō, delīmitō, inclūdō, claudō, minuō, moderor, fīniō

4. (figuratively, of a passion) to curb, restrain, tame, correct, appease

   Synonyms: molliō, sopiō, lēniō, mītigō, commītigō, levō, sileō, sedō, domō, ēlevō, allevō, alleviō

Usage notes

• Also spelled coërceō, with a diaeresis.

Conjugation

   Conjugation of coerceō (second conjugation)

indicative		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	coerceō		coercēs		coercet		coercēmus		coercētis		coercent
	imperfect	coercēbam		coercēbās		coercēbat		coercēbāmus		coercēbātis		coercēbant
	future	coercēbō		coercēbis		coercēbit		coercēbimus		coercēbitis		coercēbunt
	perfect	coercuī		coercuistī		coercuit		coercuimus		coercuistis		coercuērunt, coercuēre
	pluperfect	coercueram		coercuerās		coercuerat		coercuerāmus		coercuerātis		coercuerant
	future perfect	coercuerō		coercueris		coercuerit		coercuerimus		coercueritis		coercuerint
passive	present	coerceor		coercēris, coercēre		coercētur		coercēmur		coercēminī		coercentur
	imperfect	coercēbar		coercēbāris, coercēbāre		coercēbātur		coercēbāmur		coercēbāminī		coercēbantur
	future	coercēbor		coercēberis, coercēbere		coercēbitur		coercēbimur		coercēbiminī		coercēbuntur
	perfect	coercitus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	coercitus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	coercitus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	coerceam		coerceās		coerceat		coerceāmus		coerceātis		coerceant
	imperfect	coercērem		coercērēs		coercēret		coercērēmus		coercērētis		coercērent
	perfect	coercuerim		coercuerīs		coercuerit		coercuerīmus		coercuerītis		coercuerint
	pluperfect	coercuissem		coercuissēs		coercuisset		coercuissēmus		coercuissētis		coercuissent
passive	present	coercear		coerceāris, coerceāre		coerceātur		coerceāmur		coerceāminī		coerceantur
	imperfect	coercērer		coercērēris, coercērēre		coercērētur		coercērēmur		coercērēminī		coercērentur
	perfect	coercitus + present active subjunctive of sum
	pluperfect	coercitus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	—		coercē		—		—		coercēte		—
	future	—		coercētō		coercētō		—		coercētōte		coercentō
passive	present	—		coercēre		—		—		coercēminī		—
	future	—		coercētor		coercētor		—		—		coercentor
non-finite forms		infinitive						participle
		active			passive			active			passive
present		coercēre			coercērī			coercēns			—
future		coercitūrum esse			coercitum īrī			coercitūrus			coercendus
perfect		coercuisse			coercitum esse			—			coercitus
future perfect		—			coercitum fore			—			—
perfect potential		coercitūrum fuisse			—			—			—
verbal nouns		gerund								supine
		genitive		dative		accusative		ablative		accusative		ablative
		coercendī		coercendō		coercendum		coercendō		coercitum		coercitū

Derived terms

• coercitiō
• coercitor
• coercitus

Related terms

• abarceō / aberceō
• arceō
• exerceō

Descendants

• English: coerce
• Spanish: coercer

References

• “coerceo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “coerceo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• coerceo in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to have self-control; to restrain oneself, master one's inclinations: sibi imperare or continere et coercere se ipsum
    
  • to have self-control; to restrain oneself, master one's inclinations: animum regere, coercere, cohibere
    
  • to overcome one's passions: coercere, cohibere, continere, domitas habere cupiditates
    
  • to keep good discipline amongst one's men: milites disciplina coercere
    
  • to keep good discipline amongst one's men: milites coercere et in officio continere (B. C. 1. 67. 4)