Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂ey-

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This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

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Root

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    *h₂ey-[1][2]

    2. vital force, life, age, eternity

    Derived terms

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    Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂ey- (life) (40 c, 0 e)
    • *h₂óy-u ~ *h₂y-éw- n (“long time, lifetime”)[1][2]
    • *h₂ey-t-
      • ⇒? *h₂ey-t-to-
        • Proto-Celtic: *aissā[3] (see there for further descendants)

    References

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    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
    2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Guus Kroonen (2013) Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
    3. ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*ay-sso-, *ay-to-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 51

    Root

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      *h₂ey-[1]

      2. to give
      3. (mediopassive) to be given; to receive, take

      Alternative reconstructions

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      Reconstruction notes

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      Sometimes included is Hittite 𒉺𒀀𒄿 (pa-a-i /⁠pāi⁠/), assuming it contains the prefix 𒁉𒂊- (pé-e- /⁠pe-⁠/),[2] but this is made obsolete by the derivation of the Hittite from *h₁ep- (“to seize”).[3][1]
      The identification of the Celto-Germanic isogloss meaning “oath” is uncertain, and it may involve borrowing between these two branches. It is more commonly reconstructed as *h₁óytos, from *h₁ey- (“to go”), without the Greek. Beekes adduces the Greek under the assumption of a connection to the other Greek words belonging to *h₂ey-, and comparing the semantics of Younger Avestan 𐬀𐬉𐬙𐬀 (aēta, “punishment”)[4]

      Derived terms

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      Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂ey- (give) (3 c, 0 e)
      • *h₂éy-ti-s
        • ⇒? *h₂ey-ty-eh₂ or *h₂ey-t-teh₂
          • Proto-Hellenic:
        • Proto-Italic: *aitis
          • Oscan: aeteis (“part (of a possession)”, gen.sg.)
      • ⇒? *h₂óytos (a poetic or spiritual term, literally “that which is given”)[4]
        • >? Proto-Celtic: *oitos
          • Old Irish: óeth (“oath”)
        • >? Proto-Germanic: *aiþaz (“oath”) (see there for further descendants)
        • >? Proto-Hellenic:

      Descendants

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      • Proto-Tocharian: *āi- (“to give, pay out; (mp.) to take”)[2]
        • Tocharian A: e-
        • Tocharian B: ai-

      References

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      1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “αἴνυμαι”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 40: “IE *h₂ei- ‘give’”
      2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “ai-”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, pages 106–107: “PIE *h₄ei- ‘take, give’”
      3. ^ Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008) “pai-i / pi-”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 614–616
      4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “οἶτος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1063: “IE *h₂oi-to- ‘share’”

      Root

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        *h₂ey-[1][2]

        2. day, morning

        Derived terms

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        Category Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂ey- (day) not found

        References

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        1. ^ Beekes, R. S. P. (1981) “The neuter plural and the vocalization of the laryngeals in Avestan”, in Indo-Iranian Journal, volume 23
        2. ^ Guus Kroonen (2013) “*airi”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[3], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 12
        3. ^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) “ā̆ier-, ā̆ien-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 12
        4. ^ Guus Kroonen (2013) “*airi”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[4], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 12
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