香

香 U+9999, 香 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9999 ← 馘 [U+9998] CJK Unified Ideographs 馚 → [U+999A]

⾹ U+2FB9, ⾹ KANGXI RADICAL FRAGRANT ← ⾸ [U+2FB8] Kangxi Radicals ⾺ → [U+2FBA]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

香 (Kangxi radical 186, 香+0, 9 strokes, cangjie input 竹木日 (HDA), four-corner 2060₉, composition ⿱禾日)

1. Kangxi radical #186, ⾹.

Derived characters

• Appendix:Chinese radical/香
• 㗍, 𡎟, 𪬏, 㴡, 楿, 𤋭, 𤧘, 𥔜, 䅨, 𧪑, 𧯅, 𧹰, 𧽂, 𮠷, 𪨝, 𮬀, 𪋒
• 𠝲, 𧯄, 䫝, 萫, 𥔡, 𥧎, 𩤹, 㐯, 黁, 𤼍, 麘, 䦭

Descendants

• Japanese: 𛀠 (hentaigana)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1428, character 21
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 44518
• Dae Jaweon: page 1955, character 2
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4423, character 1
• Unihan data for U+9999

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 香
Shang	Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (香) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
香	*qʰaŋ
萫	*qʰaŋs

In the oracle bone script, it was ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 黍 (“glutinous millet”) + 口 (“mouth”). The whole character perhaps indicate that millet was used to produce liquor from fermentation which could be drank and/or sacrificed.

In the seal script, the 口 was replaced with the related 甘 (“sweet”). Hence, the most conservative variant is 𪏽.

Currently, the 黍 has simplified into 禾 and the form of the bottom component 甘 has become akin to the unrelated 曰.

Etymology 1

trad.		香
simp. #		香
alternative forms		𪏰 𪏽 𥞌 𩡢 麘

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): xiāng (xiang¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄤ

  (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): xiang¹

  (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): щён (xi͡on, I)

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): hoeng¹

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): hiang¹

• Gan (Wiktionary): xiong¹
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): hiông

  (Meixian, Guangdong): hiong¹

• Jin (Wiktionary): xion¹
• Northern Min (KCR): hióng
• Eastern Min (BUC): hiŏng
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): hiuⁿ / hioⁿ / hiauⁿ / hiong / hiang

  (Teochew, Peng'im): hiên¹ / hion¹ / hiang¹

• Wu (Northern, Wugniu): ¹shian
• Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): xian¹

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: xiāng
    • Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄤ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: siang
    • Wade–Giles: hsiang¹
    • Yale: syāng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiang
    • Palladius: сян (sjan)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: xiang¹
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: xiang
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕiaŋ⁵⁵/
  • (Dungan)
    • Cyrillic and Wiktionary: щён (xi͡on, I)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕiɑŋ²⁴/

    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: hoeng¹
    • Yale: hēung
    • Cantonese Pinyin: hoeng¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: hêng¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hœːŋ⁵⁵/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: hiang¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hiaŋ³³/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: xiong¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕiɔŋ⁴²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hiông
    • Hakka Romanization System: hiong^ˊ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: hiong¹
    • Sinological IPA: /hi̯oŋ²⁴/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: hiong¹
    • Sinological IPA: /hiɔŋ⁴⁴/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: xion¹
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /ɕiɒ̃¹¹/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: hióng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /xiɔŋ⁵⁴/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: hiŏng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hyoŋ⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Lukang, Sanxia, Yilan, Kinmen, Magong, Hsinchu, Taichung)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hiuⁿ
    • Tâi-lô: hiunn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hviw
    • IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Lukang): /hiũ³³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Yilan, Kinmen): /hiũ⁴⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Tainan)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hioⁿ
    • Tâi-lô: hionn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hvioy
    • IPA (Zhangzhou, Tainan): /hiɔ̃⁴⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Penang)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hiauⁿ
    • Tâi-lô: hiaunn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hviaw
    • IPA (Penang): /hiãu³³/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese, Philippines)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hiong
    • Tâi-lô: hiong
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hiofng
    • IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /hiɔŋ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Philippines): /hiɔŋ³³/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hiang
    • Tâi-lô: hiang
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hiafng
    • IPA (Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /hiaŋ⁴⁴/

Note:

• hiuⁿ/hioⁿ - vernacular;
• hiong/hiang - literary (hiang - limited in General Taiwanese, e.g. 香油, 五香).

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: hiên¹ / hion¹ / hiang¹
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hieⁿ / hioⁿ / hiang
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hĩẽ³³/, /hĩõ³³/, /hiaŋ³³/

Note:

• hiên1/hion1 - vernacular (hiên1 - Chaozhou);
• hiang1 - literary.

• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai, Suzhou)
    • Wugniu: ¹shian
    • MiniDict: shian^平
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹xian
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɕiã⁵³/
    • Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /ɕiã⁴⁴/
• Xiang
  • (Changsha)
    • Wiktionary: xian¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕi̯æn³³/

---

• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 香
Mandarin	Beijing	/ɕiɑŋ⁵⁵/
	Harbin	/ɕiaŋ⁴⁴/
	Tianjin	/ɕiɑŋ²¹/
	Jinan	/ɕiaŋ²¹³/
	Qingdao	/ɕiaŋ²¹³/
	Zhengzhou	/ɕiaŋ²⁴/
	Xi'an	/ɕiaŋ²¹/
	Xining	/ɕiɔ̃⁴⁴/
	Yinchuan	/ɕiɑŋ⁴⁴/
	Lanzhou	/ɕiɑ̃³¹/
	Ürümqi	/ɕiɑŋ⁴⁴/
	Wuhan	/ɕiaŋ⁵⁵/
	Chengdu	/ɕiaŋ⁵⁵/
	Guiyang	/ɕiaŋ⁵⁵/
	Kunming	/ɕiã̠⁴⁴/
	Nanjing	/ɕiaŋ³¹/
	Hefei	/ɕiɑ̃²¹/
Jin	Taiyuan	/ɕiɒ̃¹¹/
	Pingyao	/ɕiɑŋ¹³/
	Hohhot	/ɕiɑ̃³¹/
Wu	Shanghai	/ɕiã⁵³/
	Suzhou	/ɕiã⁵⁵/
	Hangzhou	/ɕiɑŋ³³/
	Wenzhou	/ɕi³³/
Hui	Shexian	/ɕia³¹/
	Tunxi	/ɕiau¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/ɕian³³/
	Xiangtan	/sian³³/
Gan	Nanchang	/ɕiɔŋ⁴²/
Hakka	Meixian	/hioŋ⁴⁴/
	Taoyuan	/hioŋ²⁴/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/hœŋ⁵³/
	Nanning	/hœŋ⁵⁵/
	Hong Kong	/hœŋ⁵⁵/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/hiɔŋ⁵⁵/ /hiũ⁵⁵/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/hyoŋ⁴⁴/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/xiɔŋ⁵⁴/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/hiaŋ³³/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/hiaŋ²³/ /hio²³/

---

• Middle Chinese: xjang

Rime
Character	香
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	曉 (32)
Final (韻)	陽 (105)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	許良切
Baxter	xjang
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/hɨɐŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/hiɐŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/xiɑŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/hɨaŋ/
Li Rong	/xiaŋ/
Wang Li	/xĭaŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/xi̯aŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xiāng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hoeng1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*qʰaŋ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*qʰaŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	香
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	xiāng
Middle Chinese	‹ xjang ›
Old Chinese	/*qʰaŋ/
English	fragrance
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	香
Reading #	1/1
No.	13591
Phonetic component	香
Rime group	陽
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	香
Old Chinese	/*qʰaŋ/

Definitions

香

1. fragrant; fragrance

   Antonym: 臭

2. (of food) aromatic; delicious-smelling
3. (of eating) having the appearance that one really enjoys the food; (of sleep) sound
4. (Internet slang) wonderful; enjoyable (in general)
5. popular
6. perfume
7. (religion) joss stick; incense (Classifier: 束 m; 支)
8. (figurative) woman
9. (chiefly Wu) to kiss
10. (Cantonese, euphemistic) to die

    • 弊啦！監視器香咗，點會噉㗎？ [Cantonese, trad.]
      弊啦！监视器香咗，点会噉㗎？ [Cantonese, simp.]

      From: 1988, Mobile Suit Gundam: Char's Counterattack (TVB's Cantonese dubbed version)

      bai⁶ laa³! gaam¹ si⁶ hei³ hoeng¹ zo², dim² wui⁵ gam² gaa³? [Jyutping]

      Damn! The monitor is dead! How come?

11. (historical) shorthand for Hong Kong during Japanese Occupation between 1941 and 1945
    • 香督 [Cantonese]  ―  hoeng¹ duk¹ [Jyutping]  ―  Governor of Hong Kong

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 香 (“fragrant”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		香, 芳, 馨, 馥
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		香
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	香
	Taiwan	香
	Harbin	香
	Malaysia	香
	Singapore	香
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	香
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Yantai (Muping)	香
Central Plains Mandarin	Luoyang	香
	Wanrong	香
	Xi'an	香
	Xining	香
	Xuzhou	香
Lanyin Mandarin	Yinchuan	香
	Ürümqi	香
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	香
	Wuhan	香
	Guiyang	香
	Guilin	香
	Liuzhou	香
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	香
	Yangzhou	香
	Hefei	香
Cantonese	Guangzhou	香
	Hong Kong	香
	Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou)	香
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou)	香
	Hong Kong (Ting Kok)	香
	Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)	香
	Macau	香
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	香
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	香
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	香
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	香
	Foshan	香
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	香
	Foshan (Shunde)	香
	Foshan (Sanshui)	香
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	香
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	香
	Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou)	香
	Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka)	香
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	香
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	香
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	香
	Taishan	香
	Kaiping (Chikan)	香
	Enping (Niujiang)	香
	Heshan (Yayao)	香
	Dongguan	香
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	香
	Qingyuan	香
	Fogang	香
	Yingde (Hanguang)	香
	Yangshan	香
	Lianshan (Butian)	香
	Lianzhou (Qingshui Sihui)	香
	Shaoguan	香
	Shaoguan (Qujiang)	香
	Renhua	香
	Lechang	香
	Zhaoqing (Gaoyao)	香
	Sihui	香
	Guangning	香
	Deqing	香
	Huaiji	香
	Fengkai (Nanfeng)	香
	Yunfu	香
	Xinxing	香
	Luoding	香
	Yunan (Pingtai)	香
	Yangjiang	香
	Xinyi	香
	Lianjiang	香
	Nanning	香
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	香
	Singapore (Guangfu)	香
Gan	Nanchang	香
	Lichuan	香
	Pingxiang	香
Hakka	Meixian	香
	Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua)	香
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	香
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	香
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	香
	Wuhua (Huacheng)	香
	Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua)	香
	Yudu	香
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	香
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	香
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	香
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	香
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	香
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	香
	Hong Kong	香
	Senai (Huiyang)	香
Huizhou	Jixi	香
Jin	Taiyuan	香
	Xinzhou	香
Northern Min	Jian'ou	香
	Songxi	香
	Jianyang	香
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	香
	Gutian	香
	Fu'an	香
	Zhouning	香
	Fuding	香
	Singapore (Fuqing)	香
Southern Min	Xiamen	芳
	Xiamen (Tong'an)	芳
	Quanzhou	芳
	Jinjiang	芳
	Anxi	芳
	Yongchun	芳
	Zhangzhou	芳
	Zhao'an	芳
	Dongshan	芳
	Taipei (Wanhua)	芳
	New Taipei (Tamsui)	芳
	New Taipei (Pingxi)	芳
	Kaohsiung	芳
	Yilan	芳
	Changhua (Lukang)	芳
	Taichung	芳
	Taichung (Wuqi)	芳
	Tainan	芳
	Taitung	芳
	Hsinchu	芳
	Penghu (Magong)	芳
	Penang (Hokkien)	芳
	Singapore (Hokkien)	芳
	Manila (Hokkien)	芳
	Longyan	芳
	Zhangping (Yongfu)	芳
	Datian	芳
	Pingnan (Shangdu)	香
	Chaozhou	芳
	Shantou	芳
	Shantou (Chenghai)	芳
	Shantou (Chaoyang)	芳
	Jieyang	芳
	Haifeng	芳
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	芳
	Singapore (Teochew)	芳
	Leizhou	芳
	Wenchang	芳
	Haikou	芳
	Qionghai	芳
Puxian Min	Putian	芳
	Putian (Donghai, Chengxiang)	芳
	Putian (Jiangkou, Hanjiang)	芳
	Putian (Nanri, Xiuyu)	芳
	Xianyou	芳
	Xianyou (Fengting)	芳
	Xianyou (Youyang)	芳
Central Min	Yong'an	香
	Sanming (Shaxian)	香
Zhongshan Min	Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi)	香
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	香
Wu	Shanghai	香
	Shanghai (Chongming)	香
	Suzhou	香
	Danyang	香
	Hangzhou	香
	Wenzhou	香
	Jinhua	香
Xiang	Changsha	香
	Loudi	香
	Shuangfeng	香

Dialectal synonyms of 吻 (“to kiss”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		吻, 親, 親吻
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	吻, 親
	Taiwan	吻, 親
	Singapore	吻, 親
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Yantai (Muping)	親
Central Plains Mandarin	Wanrong	親
	Xi'an	親
Jianghuai Mandarin	Yangzhou	親
Cantonese	Guangzhou	惜, 啜, 痛
	Hong Kong	惜, 啜, 嘴
	Taishan	啜
	Dongguan	啜
	Singapore (Guangfu)	惜
Hakka	Meixian	唚
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	唚
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	唚
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	唚
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	唚
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	唚
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	唚
Jin	Taiyuan	親
	Xinzhou	親
Northern Min	Jian'ou	蜜
	Songxi	鼻
	Zhenghe	蜜
	Jianyang	蜜
	Wuyishan	敕
	Pucheng (Shibei)	鼻
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	唚
Southern Min	Xiamen	唚
	Xiamen (Tong'an)	唚
	Quanzhou	唚
	Shishi	唚
	Zhangzhou	唚
	Tainan	唚
	Penang (Hokkien)	唚
	Singapore (Hokkien)	唚
	Manila (Hokkien)	唚
	Chaozhou	唚
	Shantou	唚
	Singapore (Teochew)	唚
	Haikou	惜
Wu	Shanghai	香, 親
	Shanghai (Zhoupu, Pudong)	香
	Shanghai (Chongming)	香
	Suzhou	香
	Hangzhou	香
	Ningbo	親

Dialectal synonyms of 死 (“to die”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		死, 亡, 歿, 卒
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		死, 死亡, 亡故, 喪生, 喪命, 去世 †, 過世 †, 逝世 †, 離世 †, 下世 †, 不在 †, 過去 †, 仙逝 †, 歸天 †, 歸西 †, 升天 †, 作古 †, 長眠 †, 閉眼 †, 故去 †, ‡, 故世 †, ‡, 一命嗚呼, 謝世, 離開人間
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	死, 故去 †, 老 †, ‡, 踹腿 ¤, 踹腿兒 ¤, 踹 ¤, 回姥姥家 ¤, 彎回去 †, 毛兒提 Hui
	Taiwan	死, 過世 †
	Harbin	死, 老 †, ‡, 伸腿兒 ¤, 伸腿 ¤, 蹬腿兒 ¤, 奔兒咕 ¤, 桿兒屁 §, 桿兒細 §, 吹燈拔蠟
	Singapore	死, 死掉, 死翹翹, 過世 †, 去世 †, 上天堂 †, 賣鹹鴨蛋 †
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	死, 歿, 過去 †, 老 †, ‡, 不在 †, ‡, 王八 §, 完蛋, 完錢, 完活, 無常 Hui, 歸主 Hui, 歸真 Hui
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Yantai (Muping)	死, 老 †, ‡, 上西天 §
Central Plains Mandarin	Luoyang	死, 過去, 過世, 下世, 亡故, 不在, 升天, 去世 †, 老 †, ‡, 擱那兒 ¤
	Wanrong	死, 歿, 老 †, ‡
	Xi'an	死, 不在 †, 老 †, ‡, 無常 Hui
	Xining	歿
Lanyin Mandarin	Yinchuan	死, 走 †, 歿 Hui, 歸真 Hui, 冒提 Hui, 口喚 Hui, 無常 Hui, 完 Hui
	Lanzhou	死, 過世 †, 緩下 †, 躺下 †
	Ürümqi	死, 過世 †, 不在 †
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	死, 過去 †, 不在 †, 去 †, 過世 †, 老 †, ‡, 撬桿兒 §, 撬桿 §, 翹辮子 §, 見馬克思, 歸天, 去陰國, 爬高煙囪, 落氣, 冰凊, 沒脈
	Wuhan	死, 過身 †, 去 †, 老 †, ‡, 去回 ¤, 翹辮子 ¤, 翹 ¤, 瓜碼子 ¤, 瓜 ¤, 西皮
	Guiyang	死, 過世 †, 成神 †, ‡, 百年歸天 †, ‡, 嗚呼 ¤
	Liuzhou	死, 沒得脈, 過世 †, 過身 †, 沒在 †, 哦嚄
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	死, 過世 †, 歸天 †, ‡, 不在 †, 嗝兒得 ¤, 翹辮子 ¤
	Yangzhou	死, 不在 †, 走 †, 家去吃去 ¤, 家去 ¤, 翹辮子 ¤, 翹 ¤, 駝條 §
	Hefei	死, 不在 †, 老 †
Cantonese	Guangzhou	死, 過身 †, 過世 †, 老 †, ‡, 百年歸老 †, ‡, 去別有天 †, ¤, 去大煙筒 †, ¤, 瓜 ¤, 瓜老襯 ¤, 收檔 ¤, 攞竇 ¤, 進竇 §, 瓜竇, 直, 瓜直, 死直, 攤直, 雙腳撐直, 伸直腳, 拉柴, 瓜柴, 褸席, 歸西, 歸天, 食黃泥, 入黃泥窿, 入窿, 玩完, 嫌米貴, 瞇埋眼, 一 argot
	Hong Kong	死, 過身 †, 走 †, 香 †, 去 †, 唔喺度 †, 百年歸老 †, 賣鹹鴨蛋 †, 兩腳一伸 †, 仙遊 †, 拜拜 †, 去閻羅王處報到 †, 瓜 ¤, 瓜老襯 ¤, 拉柴, 瓜柴, 釘蓋, 釘, 直, 歸西, 玩完, ham
	Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou)	過身
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou)	過身
	Hong Kong (Ting Kok)	過身, 死
	Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)	過身
	Macau	過身, 去
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	過身, 死
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	死
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	過身, 死
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	去歸, 過身
	Foshan	過身, 死
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	死, 過身
	Foshan (Shunde)	過身
	Foshan (Sanshui)	過身
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	死
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	過身
	Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou)	死
	Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka)	過身, 死
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	死, 過身
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	過身, 死
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	死, 過身
	Taishan	死, 善, 去
	Kaiping (Chikan)	死, 登仙
	Enping (Niujiang)	過身, 死
	Heshan (Yayao)	死
	Dongguan	死, 老 †, 去返 †, 去舊時嗰處 †, 視埋眼 †, 伸直腳 †, 入罌 †, 拉柴 §, 去大煙筒 §
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	死, 過身
	Yangjiang	死, 過輩 †, 老 †, ‡, 老大 †, ‡
	Singapore (Guangfu)	死, 過身 †
Gan	Nanchang	死, 過世 †, 老 †
	Lichuan	死
	Pingxiang	死, 過 †, 走路 †, 老 †, ‡, 去
Hakka	Meixian	死, 老, 過身 †, 消 †, 老壽 †, ‡
	Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua)	過身, 香 †
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	過身, 死
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	死, 過身
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	死
	Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua)	死, 過身
	Yudu	死, 過世 †, 過套 †, 過身 †, 轉去 †, 轉該背 †, 歸仙 †, 轉老外婆裡 ¤
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	死, 過身 †, 往生 †
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	死, 過身 †, 往生 †
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	死, 過身 †, 往生 †
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	死, 過身 †, 往生 †
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	死, 過身 †, 往生 †
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	死, 過身 †
	Hong Kong	過身, 老
Huizhou	Jixi	死, 過世 †, 過輩 †, 過身 †, 不在 †, 過老 §, 過邊 §, 進棺材 §, 進風水 §, 翹扁 §, ¤
Jin	Taiyuan	死, 沒啦 †, 走 †, 過去 †, 老 †, ‡, 老客 †, ‡
	Xinzhou	死, 回老家 †, 硬 §, 㞗朝天 of a man, vulgar, 倒蕎麥皮
Northern Min	Jian'ou	死, 過身 †, 老 †, ‡
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	死, 過去 †, 過世 †, 過後 †, 歸西 †, 百歲 †, 老去 †, ‡, 堯街去 ¤, 堯生去 ¤, 溜翹 ¤, 殂 ¤, 去算米數 ¤, 去外媽食齋 ¤, 去外媽 ¤, 去䁐廬山 ¤, 去厝去 ¤, 睏長暝眠 ¤, 翹齋 ¤, 揭兜去 ¤, 拔直去 ¤, 上天去 ¤, 生去 ¤, 𣪟去 ¤, 䁐松柏樹 ¤, 䁐松柏 ¤, 轉祖 §
Southern Min	Xiamen	死, 過身 †, 過氣 †, 百歲 †, 百年 †, 百歲年老 †, 行去 †, 無去 †, 㾀 †, 老去 †, ‡, 老咯 †, ‡, 蟯 ¤, 蟯歹 ¤, 蟯癱 ¤, 行雞 ¤, 馬滴 §
	Quanzhou	死, 過身 †, 過氣 †, 百歲 †, 百年 †, 無去 †, 老去 †, ‡, 老咯 †, ‡, 行雞 ¤, 馬滴 §
	Zhangzhou	死, 過身 †, 過氣 †, 百歲 †, 百年 †, 百歲年老 †, 行去 †, 無去 †, 起身 †, 老去 †, ‡, 老咯 †, ‡, 蟯 ¤, 蟯歹 ¤, 蟯癱 ¤, 行雞 ¤, 誆牽 §, 㾀 §, 㾀歹 §, 馬滴 §
	Taipei	死去, 老 †, 過身 †
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	死去, 老去 †, 往生 †, 過身 †
	Kaohsiung	死去, 老去 †, 行去 †, 往生 †, 無佇咧 †, 過身 †, 轉去 †
	Yilan	死去, 老去 †, 往生 †, 無佇咧 †, 過身 †, 過往 †
	Changhua (Lukang)	死去, 老 †, 無去 †, 過身 †, 轉去 †
	Taichung	死去, 往生 †, 過身 †
	Tainan	死去, 老去 †, 行去 †, 往生 †, 無佇咧 †, 過身 †, 轉去 †
	Hsinchu	曲去, 去咯 †, 往生 †, 過身 †, 老去 †
	Kinmen	死去, 往生 †, 過身 †, 行去 †
	Penghu (Magong)	死去, 往生 †, 過身 †, 老去 †
	Singapore (Hokkien)	死, 馬滴, 死翹翹, 過身 †, 百年 †, 百歲 †, 過氣 †, 起車 †, 老去 †, 老咯 †, 行去 †, 蟯去 †, 吭跤翹 †, 交登記 †
	Manila (Hokkien)	死, 死去, 過面 †, 過身 †
	Chaozhou	死, 過身 †, 過世 †
	Jieyang	過身, 吭跤翹, 吭翹
	Singapore (Teochew)	死, 過身
	Leizhou	死, 過世 †, 過輩 †, 過目焗 ¤, 直筒 §, 刮薯減米 §
	Haikou	死, 過層 †, ‡, 老 †, ‡, 貓使 §
	Singapore (Hainanese)	死
Zhongshan Min	Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi)	死
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	死, 瓜老襯, 過世, 歸西
Wu	Shanghai	死, 故 †, 過世 †, 嘸沒 †, 一腳去 †, 翹辮子 §, ¤, 彈老三 §, 翹老三 §
	Shanghai (Chongming)	死, 老 †, 故 †, 翹辮子 ¤
	Suzhou	死, 壞, 去, 過世 †, 翹辮子 §
	Danyang	死
	Hangzhou	死, 故 †, 過世 †, 翹辮兒 ¤, 到龍駒塢去
	Ningbo	死, 翹辮子 §, 過世 †, 嘸沒 †, 死脫 §, 燂茶, 山裡去, 吃豆腐羹, 嘸沒來的 †, 老 †
	Wenzhou	死, 冇 †, 過輩 †, ‡, 蹻 ¤
	Jinhua	死, 過世 †, 過輩 †, 弗在 †, 老 †, ‡
Xiang	Changsha	死, 過 †, 去 †, 瓜, 彈, 彈四郎
	Loudi	死, 過世 †, 故 †, 上岸 †
	Shuangfeng	死, 過世 †, 故 †
Note	† - euphemistic; ‡ - usually of the elderly; ¤ - humorous; § - derogatory/disrespectful

Compounds

• 七香
• 丁香 (dīngxiāng)
• 上沉香
• 上香 (shàngxiāng)
• 乳香 (rǔxiāng)
• 五香 (wǔxiāng)
• 仇香
• 信香
• 偷香
• 凝香
• 刈香
• 印香
• 口香糖 (kǒuxiāngtáng)
• 吃香 (chīxiāng)
• 噴香／喷香 (pènxiāng)
• 嚇殺人香／吓杀人香 (xiàshārénxiāng)
• 國香／国香
• 土木香
• 土香 (tǔxiāng)
• 埋香
• 大茴香 (dàhuíxiāng)
• 天香 (tiānxiāng)
• 安香
• 尋香／寻香
• 小茴香 (xiǎohuíxiāng)
• 幽香 (yōuxiāng)
• 心香
• 悶香／闷香
• 憐香／怜香
• 憐香惜玉／怜香惜玉 (liánxiāngxīyù)
• 拈香
• 抹香 (mǒxiāng)
• 提香
• 斗香
• 暗香 (ànxiāng)
• 書香／书香 (shūxiāng)
• 木香 (mùxiāng)
• 松香 (sōngxiāng)
• 梅香
• 楓香／枫香
• 檀香 (tánxiāng)
• 沉香 (chénxiāng)
• 油香
• 清香 (qīngxiāng)
• 炷香 (zhùxiāng)
• 焚香 (fénxiāng)
• 熏香
• 燒香／烧香 (shāoxiāng)
• 瑞香
• 瓣香
• 異香／异香
• 盤香／盘香
• 稻香
• 篆香
• 純香／纯香
• 線香／线香 (xiànxiāng)
• 聽香／听香
• 膩香／腻香
• 臂香
• 芸香 (yúnxiāng)
• 花香 (huāxiāng)
• 芳香 (fāngxiāng)
• 茴香 (huíxiāng)
• 藏香
• 蘇合香／苏合香 (sūhéxiāng)
• 藿香 (huòxiāng)
• 蘭香／兰香
• 蘹香 (huáixiāng)
• 蚊香 (wénxiāng)
• 蜜香
• 行香 (xíngxiāng)
• 親香／亲香
• 迦南香
• 進香／进香 (jìnxiāng)
• 酒香
• 阿香
• 降香 (jiàngxiāng)
• 雞舌香／鸡舌香
• 頭香／头香
• 香串
• 香丸
• 香乾／香干 (xiānggān)
• 香亭
• 香公
• 香冢
• 香冮
• 香分
• 香包 (xiāngbāo)
• 香匠
• 香印
• 香口 (Xiāngkǒu)
• 香味 (xiāngwèi)
• 香噴噴／香喷喷 (xiāngpēnpēn)
• 香囊 (xiāngnáng)
• 香城 (Xiāngchéng)
• 香奩／香奁
• 香妃
• 香客 (xiāngkè)
• 香山 (Xiāngshān)
• 香巢
• 香市
• 香帛
• 香房
• 香扇
• 香斗
• 香料 (xiāngliào)
• 香會／香会 (xiānghuì)
• 香染
• 香案 (xiāng'àn)
• 香格里拉 (Xiānggélǐlā)
• 香梨 (xiānglí)
• 香椿 (xiāngchūn)
• 香樟
• 香橙 (xiāngchéng)
• 香檳／香槟 (xiāngbīn)
• 香檳酒／香槟酒 (xiāngbīnjiǔ)
• 香櫞／香橼 (xiāngyuán)
• 香毬／香球
• 香氣／香气 (xiāngqì)
• 香水 (xiāngshuǐ)
• 香汗
• 香油 (xiāngyóu)
• 香波 (xiāngbō)
• 香消玉沉
• 香湯／香汤
• 香港 (Xiānggǎng)
• 香溪源 (Xiāngxīyuán)
• 香澤／香泽
• 香火 (xiānghuǒ)
• 香灰 (xiānghuī)
• 香煙／香烟 (xiāngyān)
• 香燈／香灯
• 香燭／香烛 (xiāngzhú)
• 香爐／香炉 (xiānglú)
• 香片 (xiāngpiàn)
• 香瓜 (xiāngguā)
• 香甜 (xiāngtián)
• 香界
• 香皂 (xiāngzào)
• 香稻
• 香筒
• 香筵
• 香篆
• 香粉 (xiāngfěn)
• 香精 (xiāngjīng)
• 香純／香纯 (xiāngchún)
• 香紙／香纸
• 香纓／香缨 (xiāngyīng)
• 香肉 (xiāngròu)
• 香脆
• 香腮
• 香腸／香肠 (xiāngcháng)
• 香色 (xiāngsè)
• 香艷／香艳 (xiāngyàn)
• 香花 (xiānghuā)
• 香茅 (xiāngmáo)
• 香茹 (xiāngrú)
• 香茶
• 香草 (xiāngcǎo)
• 香菇 (xiānggū)
• 香菜 (xiāngcài)
• 香菌
• 香菸／香烟 (xiāngyān)
• 香蒲
• 香蓼
• 香蕈 (xiāngxùn)
• 香蕉 (xiāngjiāo)
• 香薷 (xiāngrú)
• 香蘑 (xiāngmó)
• 香袋 (xiāngdài)
• 香豔／香艳 (xiāngyàn)
• 香貍／香狸 (xiānglí)
• 香車／香车 (xiāngchē)
• 香道
• 香酥 (xiāngsū)
• 香醇 (xiāngchún)
• 香鋪／香铺
• 香錢／香钱
• 香閨／香闺
• 香附 (xiāngfù)
• 香頌／香颂 (xiāngsòng)
• 香頭／香头
• 香願／香愿
• 香餅／香饼 (xiāngbǐng)
• 香餌／香饵
• 香餑餑兒／香饽饽儿
• 香魚／香鱼 (xiāngyú)
• 香麝
• 香麞／香獐
• 馨香 (xīnxiāng)
• 高香
• 鳥語花香／鸟语花香 (niǎoyǔhuāxiāng)
• 麝香 (shèxiāng)
• 麝香片
• 黃香／黄香
• 點香／点香 (diǎnxiāng)
• 龍涎香／龙涎香 (lóngxiánxiāng)
• 龍香／龙香

 

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (香):

• → Vietnamese: hương (香)

Others:

• → Indonesian: hio (“joss stick, incense”)

Etymology 2

trad.		香
simp. #		香

Pronunciation

• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): pang¹
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): phang

  (Teochew, Peng'im): pang¹

---

• Puxian Min
  • (Putian, Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: pang¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰaŋ⁵³³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phang
    • Tâi-lô: phang
    • Phofsit Daibuun: phafng
    • IPA (Xiamen): /pʰaŋ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /pʰaŋ³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /pʰaŋ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /pʰaŋ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /pʰaŋ⁴⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: pang¹
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: phang
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰaŋ³³/

Definitions

香

1. (Hokkien, Teochew, Puxian Min) Alternative form of 芳 (“fragrant”)

References

• “香”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[2], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

香

(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

• Go-on: こう (kō, Jōyō)^{←かう (kau, historical)}
• Kan-on: きょう (kyō, Jōyō ^†)^{←きやう (kyau, historical)}
• Kun: か (ka, 香, Jōyō)、かおり (kaori, 香り, Jōyō)^{←かをり (kawori, 香り, historical)}、かおる (kaoru, 香る, Jōyō)^{←かをる (kaworu, 香る, historical)}、かざ (kaza, 香)

Compounds

Compounds

• 香(きょう)車(しゃ) (kyōsha)
• 香(こう)気(き) (kōki)
• 香(こう)具(ぐ)師(し) (kōgushi), 香具師(やし) (yashi)
• 香薷(こうじゅ) (kōju)
• 香(こう)水(すい) (kōsui)
• 香(こう)草(そう) (kōsō)
• 香(こう)道(どう) (kōdō)
• 香(こう)箱(ばこ) (kōbako)
• 香(こう)木(ぼく) (kōboku)
• 香(こう)料(りょう) (kōryō)
• 香(こう)炉(ろ) (kōro)
• 茴(うい)香(きょう) (uikyō)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
香
か Grade: 4
kun'yomi

From Old Japanese. First attested in the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE.

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) か [kà] (Heiban – [0])
• (Tokyo) か [káꜜ] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [ka̠]

Noun

香(か) • (ka) 

1. a pleasant smell; a scent, a fragrance, an aroma

Derived terms

• 香(かお)る (kaoru)
• 香(かお)り (kaori)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
香
きょう Grade: 4
kan'on

From Middle Chinese 香 (MC xjang).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) きょー [kyòó] (Heiban – [0])
• (Tokyo) きょー [kyóꜜò] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [kʲo̞ː]

Noun

香(きょう) • (kyō) ^{←きやう (kyau)?}

1. Clipping of 香車 (kyōsha, “incense chariot”).

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
香
こう Grade: 4
goon

From Middle Chinese 香 (MC xjang). The goon reading, so likely an earlier borrowing. Compare Vietnamese hương (“fragrance; incense”).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) こー [kóꜜò] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [ko̞ː]

Noun

香(こう) • (kō) ^{←かう (kau)?}

1. incense

   Synonym: 御香 (okō)

Korean

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [ça̠ŋ]
• Phonetic hangul: [향]

Hanja

Wikisource

香 (eum 향 (hyang))

1. hanja form^? of 향 (“fragrance; perfume; incense”)

Compounds

Compounds

• 방향족 (芳香族, banghyangjok)
• 향기 (香氣, hyanggi)
• 향항 (香港, Hyanghang)
• 향로 (香爐, hyangno)
• 향수 (香水, hyangsu)
• 사향 (麝香, sahyang)

Vietnamese

Han character

香: Hán Việt readings: hương (虛(hư)良(lương)切(thiết))
香: Nôm readings: nhang, hương, hang, nhàng

1. chữ Hán form of hương (“fragrance; incense”).
2. Nôm form of nhang (“incense”).
3. chữ Hán form of Hương (“a female given name”).

   胡春香 ― Hồ Xuân Hương

Compounds

Compounds

• 丁香 (đinh hương)
• 香港 (Hương Cảng)
• 五味香 (ngũ vị hương)
• 小茴香 (tiểu hồi hương)
• 沉香 (trầm hương)
• 麝香 (xạ hương)
• 香味 (hương vị)
• 香料 (hương liệu)
• 國色天香 (quốc sắc thiên hương)