-τικός
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Ancient Greek
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From -σις (-sis, verbal noun suffix) or -τος (-tos, verbal adjective suffix) + -κός (-kós, adjective suffix), occurring in some original cases and later used freely by metanalysis.
Pronunciation
[edit]- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /ti.kós/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /tiˈkos/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /tiˈkos/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /tiˈkos/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /tiˈkos/
Suffix
[edit]-τῐκός • (-tikós) m (feminine -τῐκή, neuter -τῐκόν); first/second declension
- Added to verbal stems to form adjectives: relating to, suited to, skilled in, able to, -ive
- Added to other stems to form adjectives, particularly those ending in vowels
Usage notes
[edit]Certain sound changes happen before the suffix, as before other derivational or inflectional suffixes beginning in τ (t). Labial stops β, π, φ (b, p, ph) become π (p), dental stops δ, θ, τ (d, th, t) become σ (s), velar stops γ, κ, χ (g, k, kh) become κ (k).
- βλαβ- (blab-, “harm”) + -τικός (-tikós) → βλαβ-τικός → βλαπτικός (blab-tikós → blaptikós, “harmful”)
- πείθω (peíthō, “persuade”) + -τικός (-tikós) → πειθ-τικός → πειστικός (peith-tikós → peistikós, “persuasive”)
- πρᾱγ- (prāg-, “do”) + -τικός (-tikós) → πρᾱγ-τικός → πρᾱκτικός (prāg-tikós → prāktikós, “pertaining to action”)
Contracted verbs, which have stems ending in a vowel, use the long form of the vowel – this happens, for instance, in the example above: ποιέ-ω (poié-ō) → ποιη-τικός (poiē-tikós).
Declension
[edit]Number | Singular | Dual | Plural | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Case/Gender | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||||
Nominative | -τῐκός -tikós |
-τῐκή -tikḗ |
-τῐκόν -tikón |
-τῐκώ -tikṓ |
-τῐκᾱ́ -tikā́ |
-τῐκώ -tikṓ |
-τῐκοί -tikoí |
-τῐκαί -tikaí |
-τῐκᾰ́ -tiká | |||||
Genitive | -τῐκοῦ -tikoû |
-τῐκῆς -tikês |
-τῐκοῦ -tikoû |
-τῐκοῖν -tikoîn |
-τῐκαῖν -tikaîn |
-τῐκοῖν -tikoîn |
-τῐκῶν -tikôn |
-τῐκῶν -tikôn |
-τῐκῶν -tikôn | |||||
Dative | -τῐκῷ -tikôi |
-τῐκῇ -tikêi |
-τῐκῷ -tikôi |
-τῐκοῖν -tikoîn |
-τῐκαῖν -tikaîn |
-τῐκοῖν -tikoîn |
-τῐκοῖς -tikoîs |
-τῐκαῖς -tikaîs |
-τῐκοῖς -tikoîs | |||||
Accusative | -τῐκόν -tikón |
-τῐκήν -tikḗn |
-τῐκόν -tikón |
-τῐκώ -tikṓ |
-τῐκᾱ́ -tikā́ |
-τῐκώ -tikṓ |
-τῐκούς -tikoús |
-τῐκᾱ́ς -tikā́s |
-τῐκᾰ́ -tiká | |||||
Vocative | -τῐκέ -tiké |
-τῐκή -tikḗ |
-τῐκόν -tikón |
-τῐκώ -tikṓ |
-τῐκᾱ́ -tikā́ |
-τῐκώ -tikṓ |
-τῐκοί -tikoí |
-τῐκαί -tikaí |
-τῐκᾰ́ -tiká | |||||
Derived forms | Adverb | Comparative | Superlative | |||||||||||
-τῐκῶς -tikôs |
-τῐκώτερος -tikṓteros |
-τῐκώτᾰτος -tikṓtatos | ||||||||||||
Notes: |
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Derived terms
[edit]References
[edit]- Smyth, Herbert Weir (1920) “Part III: Formation of Words”, in A Greek grammar for colleges, Cambridge: American Book Company, § 858
Categories:
- Ancient Greek terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Ancient Greek compound terms
- Ancient Greek rebracketings
- Ancient Greek 2-syllable words
- Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ancient Greek lemmas
- Ancient Greek suffixes
- Ancient Greek oxytone terms
- Ancient Greek adjective-forming suffixes
- Ancient Greek masculine suffixes