-κός

See also: κος

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From Proto-Hellenic *-kos, from Proto-Indo-European *-kos, *-ḱos.

Cognate with Latin -cus, Proto-Germanic *-gaz, Sanskrit -शस् (-śas) and Old Church Slavonic -ъkъ (-ŭkŭ).

PIE *-ko- on noun stems carried the meaning 'characteristic of, like, typical, pertaining to', and on adjectival stems it acted emphatically.

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /kós/ → /kos/ → /kos/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /kós/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /kos/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /kos/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /kos/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /kos/

Suffix

-κός • (-kós) m (feminine -κή, neuter -κόν); first/second declension

1. forms adjectives with the sense of 'of or pertaining to', 'in the manner of'

Note: This suffix survives in inherited forms and became productive through its derivations (cf. infra) by metanalysis.

Inflection

First and second declension of -κός; -κή; -κόν (Attic)

Number		Singular				Dual				Plural
Case/Gender		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative		-κός -kós	-κή -kḗ	-κόν -kón		-κώ -kṓ	-κᾱ́ -kā́	-κώ -kṓ		-κοί -koí	-καί -kaí	-κᾰ́ -ká
Genitive		-κοῦ -koû	-κῆς -kês	-κοῦ -koû		-κοῖν -koîn	-καῖν -kaîn	-κοῖν -koîn		-κῶν -kôn	-κῶν -kôn	-κῶν -kôn
Dative		-κῷ -kôi	-κῇ -kêi	-κῷ -kôi		-κοῖν -koîn	-καῖν -kaîn	-κοῖν -koîn		-κοῖς -koîs	-καῖς -kaîs	-κοῖς -koîs
Accusative		-κόν -kón	-κήν -kḗn	-κόν -kón		-κώ -kṓ	-κᾱ́ -kā́	-κώ -kṓ		-κούς -koús	-κᾱ́ς -kā́s	-κᾰ́ -ká
Vocative		-κέ -ké	-κή -kḗ	-κόν -kón		-κώ -kṓ	-κᾱ́ -kā́	-κώ -kṓ		-κοί -koí	-καί -kaí	-κᾰ́ -ká
Derived forms		Adverb				Comparative				Superlative
		-κῶς -kôs				-κότερος -kóteros				-κότᾰτος -kótatos
Notes:		This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

• -ακός (-akós)
• -ικός (-ikós)
• -τικός (-tikós)

Ancient Greek terms suffixed with -κός

References

• Charles William Peppler (1910) The Termination -κός, as used by Aristophanes for Comic Effect, American Journal of Philology, 31: 428–444.