-ακός

See also: -άκος, ἄκος, and Appendix:Variations of "akos"

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From -κός (-kós) with an added α from ā-stems and later extended to other nouns; piecewise doublet of -ηκός (-ēkós). Cognate with Proto-Celtic *-ākos (whence Old Irish -ach and Welsh -og), Latin -āx, and perhaps some cases of Proto-Germanic *-agaz (whence Old Norse -agr and Gothic -𐌰𐌲𐍃 (-ags)).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /a.kós/ → /aˈkos/ → /aˈkos/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /a.kós/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /aˈkos/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /aˈkos/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /aˈkos/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /aˈkos/

Suffix

-ᾰκός • (-ăkós) m (feminine -ᾰκή, neuter -ᾰκόν); first/second declension

1. Added to noun stems to form adjectives: of or pertaining to, in the manner of; -ac

   ‎καρδίᾱ (kardíā) + ‎-ακός (-akós) → ‎καρδιακός (kardiakós)

   ‎Αἰγύπτιος (Aigúptios) + ‎-ακός (-akós) → ‎Αἰγυπτιακός (Aiguptiakós)

Inflection

First and second declension of -ᾰκός; -ᾰκή; -ᾰκόν (Attic)

Number		Singular				Dual				Plural
Case/Gender		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative		-ᾰκός -ăkós	-ᾰκή -ăkḗ	-ᾰκόν -ăkón		-ᾰκώ -ăkṓ	-ᾰκᾱ́ -ăkā́	-ᾰκώ -ăkṓ		-ᾰκοί -ăkoí	-ᾰκαί -ăkaí	-ᾰκᾰ́ -ăkắ
Genitive		-ᾰκοῦ -ăkoû	-ᾰκῆς -ăkês	-ᾰκοῦ -ăkoû		-ᾰκοῖν -ăkoîn	-ᾰκαῖν -ăkaîn	-ᾰκοῖν -ăkoîn		-ᾰκῶν -ăkôn	-ᾰκῶν -ăkôn	-ᾰκῶν -ăkôn
Dative		-ᾰκῷ -ăkôi	-ᾰκῇ -ăkêi	-ᾰκῷ -ăkôi		-ᾰκοῖν -ăkoîn	-ᾰκαῖν -ăkaîn	-ᾰκοῖν -ăkoîn		-ᾰκοῖς -ăkoîs	-ᾰκαῖς -ăkaîs	-ᾰκοῖς -ăkoîs
Accusative		-ᾰκόν -ăkón	-ᾰκήν -ăkḗn	-ᾰκόν -ăkón		-ᾰκώ -ăkṓ	-ᾰκᾱ́ -ăkā́	-ᾰκώ -ăkṓ		-ᾰκούς -ăkoús	-ᾰκᾱ́ς -ăkā́s	-ᾰκᾰ́ -ăkắ
Vocative		-ᾰκέ -ăké	-ᾰκή -ăkḗ	-ᾰκόν -ăkón		-ᾰκώ -ăkṓ	-ᾰκᾱ́ -ăkā́	-ᾰκώ -ăkṓ		-ᾰκοί -ăkoí	-ᾰκαί -ăkaí	-ᾰκᾰ́ -ăkắ
Derived forms		Adverb				Comparative				Superlative
		-ᾰκῶς -ăkôs				-ᾰκώτερος -ăkṓteros				-ᾰκώτᾰτος -ăkṓtătos
Notes:		This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

Ancient Greek terms suffixed with -ακός

Αἰγυπτιακός

ἀφροδισιακός

Βυζαντιακός

γενεθλιακός

δαιμονιακός

ἐλεγειακός

ζῳδιακός

θηριακός

ἰχθυακός

καρδιακός

κοιλιακός

κυριακός

μανιακός

Μιθριακός

ὀβρυζιακός

σεληνιακός

στοιχειακός

συμποσιακός

τριβακός

ὑποχονδριακός

Descendants

• Greek: -ακός (-akós)
• → Latin: -acus
  • → English: -ac

Further reading

• Smyth, Herbert Weir (1920) “Part III: Formation of Words”, in A Greek grammar for colleges, Cambridge: American Book Company, § 858