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U+9B5A, 魚
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9B5A

[U+9B59]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+9B5B]
U+2FC2, ⿂
KANGXI RADICAL FISH

[U+2FC1]
Kangxi Radicals
[U+2FC3]

Translingual

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Stroke order
11 strokes
Stroke order (Japan)
11 strokes
Stroke order

Han character

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(Kangxi radical 195, +0, 11 strokes, cangjie input 弓田火 (NWF), four-corner 27336, composition )

  1. Kangxi radical #195, .

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1465, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 45956
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1998, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4674, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+9B5A

Chinese

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trad.
simp.
alternative forms 𤉯
𤋳
𩵋
𮫬
Wikipedia has articles on:

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts

Pictogram (象形) – a fish. A conservative variant is 𤋳.

Etymology

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From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-ŋja. Cognate with (OC *ŋa, “to fish”).

Pronunciation

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Note: ngui3-4* - standalone word for "fish".
Note:
  • hî/hû/hîr - vernacular;
  • gû/gîr/gî - literary.
Note:
  • he5 - Chaozhou, Shantou, Chenghai, Jieyang;
  • hu5 - Chaoyang, Puning, Huilai.
    • (Leizhou)
      • Leizhou Pinyin: hu5 / yi5
      • Sinological IPA: /hu²²/, /zi²²/
Note:
  • hu5 - vernacular;
  • yi5 - literary.
Note:
  • ng - colloquial;
  • yu - literary.

  • Dialectal data
Variety Location
Mandarin Beijing /y³⁵/
Harbin /y²⁴/
Tianjin /y⁴⁵/
Jinan /y⁴²/
Qingdao /y⁴²/
Zhengzhou /y⁴²/
Xi'an /y²⁴/
Xining /y²⁴/
Yinchuan /y⁵³/
Lanzhou /y⁵³/
Ürümqi /y⁵¹/
Wuhan /y²¹³/
Chengdu /y³¹/
Guiyang /i²¹/
Kunming /i³¹/
Nanjing /y²⁴/
Hefei /zz̩ʷ⁵⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /y¹¹/
Pingyao /ȵy¹³/
Hohhot /y³¹/
Wu Shanghai /ŋ̍²³/
/ɦy²³/
Suzhou /ɦy¹³/
/ŋ¹³/
Hangzhou /ɦz̩ʷ²¹³/
Wenzhou /ŋøy³¹/
Hui Shexian /ny⁴⁴/
Tunxi /ȵy⁴⁴/
Xiang Changsha /y¹³/
Xiangtan /y¹²/
Gan Nanchang /ȵie⁴⁵/
Hakka Meixian /n̩¹¹/
Taoyuan /ŋ̍¹¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /jy²¹/
Nanning /y²¹/
Hong Kong /jy²¹/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /gu³⁵/
/hi³⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /ŋy⁵³/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /ŋy³³/
Shantou (Teochew) /hɯ⁵⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /zi³¹/
/hu³¹/

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (31)
Final () (22)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () III
Fanqie
Baxter ngjo
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ŋɨʌ/
Pan
Wuyun
/ŋiɔ/
Shao
Rongfen
/ŋiɔ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ŋɨə̆/
Li
Rong
/ŋiɔ/
Wang
Li
/ŋĭo/
Bernhard
Karlgren
/ŋi̯wo/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
jyu4
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
Middle
Chinese
‹ ngjo ›
Old
Chinese
/*[r.ŋ]a/
English fish (n.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 15939
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*ŋa/

Definitions

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  1. fish (Classifier: m c h j mb x;  m h mn;  g mn x;  mb md;  w)
  2. Used in names of aquatic animals.
      ―  jiǎ  ―  softshell turtle
      ―  bào  ―  abalone
      ―  è  ―  crocodilian; crocodile and alligator in general
    墨斗墨斗  ―  mòdǒu  ―  cuttlefish
    文昌文昌  ―  wénchāng  ―  lancelet
  3. fish (as a food)
  4. () (telegraphy) the sixth day of a month
  5. Ancient form of  / ()
  6. Ancient form of (OC *ŋaː).
  7. a surname

Synonyms

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Compounds

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Descendants

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Sino-Xenic ():
  • Japanese: (ぎょ) (gyo)
  • Korean: 어(魚) (eo)
  • Vietnamese: ngư ()

References

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Japanese

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Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ja

Kanji

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(Second grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

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Compounds

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Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
さかな
Grade: 2
kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of – see the following entry.
さかな
[noun] : [from the 1600s] a fish
(This term, , is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Etymology 2

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(uo): a fish
Kanji in this term
うお
Grade: 2
kun'yomi

/uwo//uo/

From Old Japanese.[1][2]

Ultimately from Proto-Japonic *uwo.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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(うお) (uoうを (uwo)?

  1. a fish
Derived terms
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Idioms
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Proverbs
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Etymology 3

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Kanji in this term
いお
Grade: 2
irregular

/uwo//iwo//io/

Alteration of older uo, appearing from roughly the Heian period. Alternatively this might be the usage of an apophonic form *iwo; compare Proto-Ryukyuan *iwo.

Still used today in some dialects.[6]

Pronunciation

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Noun

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(いお) (ioいを (iwo)?

  1. (archaic or dialectal) a fish
Derived terms
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Etymology 4

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Kanji in this term
ぎょ
Grade: 2
kan'on

From Middle Chinese (MC ngjo).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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(ぎょ) (gyo

  1. a fish
  2. Short for 魚鱗 (gyorin): fish scales

Affix

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(ぎょ) (gyo

  1. fish
  2. fishlike
Derived terms
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References

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  1. ^ Omodaka, Hisataka (1967) 時代別国語大辞典 上代編 [The dictionary of historical Japanese: Old Japanese] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN, page 139
  2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 うお[うを] 【魚】Paid subscription required”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎[1] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here
  3. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  4. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
  5. 5.0 5.1 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  6. ^ いお[いを] 【魚】Paid subscription required”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎[2] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here

Korean

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Etymology

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From Middle Chinese (MC ngjo).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 ᅌᅥᆼ (Yale: ngè)
Middle Korean
Text Eumhun
Gloss (hun) Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[4] 고기〮 (Yale: kwòkí) (Yale: è)

Pronunciation

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Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

(eumhun 물고기 (mulgogi eo))

  1. hanja form? of (fish) [affix]

Compounds

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References

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  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [5]

Okinawan

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Kanji

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(Second grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

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Compounds

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Etymology 1

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/ʔiu//ʔiːu//ʔiju/

Shift from iu below.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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(いゆ) (iyu

  1. a fish
    (いゆ)(とぅ)いが()ちゅん。
    Iyu tuiga ichun.
    I will go catch a fish.
Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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From Proto-Ryukyuan *io, from Proto-Japonic *iwo, apophonic form of *uwo. Cognate with Old Japanese (uwo).

Compare modern dialectal mainland Japanese (io), first appearing in print and becoming common from the Heian period, but likely extant earlier.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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(いう) (iu

  1. a fish

References

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Old Japanese

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Etymology 1

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

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(uwo) (kana うを)

  1. a fish
Derived terms
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Descendants
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  • Japanese: (uo, io)

Etymology 2

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Cognate with (na, side dish),[1][2][3] by extension that can refer to any kind of meat.

Noun

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(na) (kana )

  1. a fish, especially when used as food
    • , text here
      多良志比賣可尾能美許等能都良須等美多多志世利斯 伊志遠多礼美吉
      tarasi pi1me1 kami2 no2 mi-ko2to2 no2 na turasu to2 mi1-tatasi serisi isi wo tare mi1ki1
      Who saw the rock that rose up against us as we tried to catch the fish [or “catching sweetfishes”] belonging to the empress?
Derived terms
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Descendants
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  • Japanese: (sakana)

References

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  1. ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. ^ Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  3. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Vietnamese

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Han character

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: Hán Việt readings: ngư ((ngữ)()(thiết))[1][2][3]
: Nôm readings: ngơ[1][2][3][4], ngư[1][2][3], ngớ[1][4], ngừ[3][4]

  1. chữ Hán form of ngư ((only in compounds) fish).

Compounds

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References

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Yonaguni

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Kanji

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(Second grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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(いゆ) (iyu

  1. fish

Derived terms

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Yoron

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Kanji

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(Second grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

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Noun

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(っゆー) (yyū

  1. fish