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U+9CE5, 鳥
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9CE5

[U+9CE4]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+9CE6]
U+2FC3, ⿃
KANGXI RADICAL BIRD

[U+2FC2]
Kangxi Radicals
[U+2FC4]

Translingual

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Stroke order

Han character

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(Kangxi radical 196, +0, 11 strokes, cangjie input 竹日卜火 (HAYF), four-corner 27327, composition )

  1. Kangxi radical #196, .

Derived characters

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See also

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1480, character 52
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 46634
  • Dae Jaweon: page 2012, character 25
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4613, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+9CE5

Chinese

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trad.
simp.

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script

Pictogram (象形) : a bird with a dangling tail.

Compare , which is very similar, of similar origin, and , which originated from a similar image of a bird, but is today rather more abstract and less recognizable. Compare to Egyptian 𓄿

Etymology

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Originally pronounced with a /t-/ initial (compare (OC *tuːwʔ, “island”)). In many dialects, it changed to a /n-/ initial to avoid homophony with the vulgar word (diǎo, “penis”), which may ultimately have developed from the sense “bird”. Birds/fowl are characteristically associated with Chinese slang for genitalia; compare (“sparrow > penis”) and (“chicken > penis”).

Alternatively, Schuessler (2007) hypothesised that the /n-/ initial form for “bird” may be unrelated to the /t-/ form. Instead, it may be connected with the Tai-Kadai word for bird; compare Proto-Tai *C̬.nokᴰ (bird), whence Thai นก (nók).

The /t-/ form may be derived from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *daw (bird), cognate with Proto-Karen *thoᴮ (bird) and Proto-Bodo-Garo *tao² (bird).

Pronunciation 1

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Note:
  • tiâu - vernacular;
  • niâu - literary.
Note:
  • cēu - vernacular;
  • nēu - literary.
Note:
  • chiáu - vernacular;
  • niáu - literary.
Note:
  • ziao2 - Shantou;
  • ziou2 - Chaozhou.
Note:
  • (Shanghainese) 5tiau, (Suzhounese) 3tiau - colloquial;
  • (Shanghainese) 5gniau, (Suzhounese) 3gniau - literary and colloquial (younger speakers).
Note:
  • diau3 - vernacular;
  • nyiau3 - literary.

    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location
    Mandarin Beijing /niɑu²¹⁴/
    Harbin /niau²¹³/
    Tianjin /niɑu¹³/
    Jinan /tiɔ⁵⁵/
    Qingdao /niɔ⁵⁵/
    Zhengzhou /niau⁵³/
    Xi'an /niau⁵³/
    Xining /ȵiɔ⁵³/
    Yinchuan /niɔ⁵³/
    Lanzhou /ȵiɔ⁴⁴²/
    Ürümqi /ȵiɔ⁵¹/
    Wuhan /niau⁴²/
    Chengdu /ȵiau⁵³/
    Guiyang /niao⁴²/
    Kunming /niɔ⁵³/
    Nanjing /liɔo²¹²/
    Hefei /liɔ⁵⁵/
    /tiɔ²⁴/
    Jin Taiyuan /niau⁵³/
    Pingyao /ȵiɔ⁵³/
    Hohhot /niɔ⁵³/
    Wu Shanghai /tiɔ⁵³/
    /ȵiɔ⁵³/
    Suzhou /ȵiæ⁵¹/
    /tiæ⁵¹/
    Hangzhou /ȵiɔ⁵³/
    Wenzhou /ȵa³⁵/
    Hui Shexian /niɔ³⁵/ 飛~
    /tiɔ³⁵/ 啄木~
    Tunxi /liun²⁴/
    /lin²⁴/
    Xiang Changsha /ȵiau⁴¹/
    /tiau⁴¹/
    Xiangtan /tiaɯ⁴²/
    Gan Nanchang /ȵiɛu²¹³/
    Hakka Meixian /tiau⁴⁴/ ~兒
    /tiau³¹/ 罵人話
    Taoyuan /ŋiɑu²⁴/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /niu²³/
    Nanning /tiu³⁵/
    /niu²⁴/
    Hong Kong /niu¹³/
    Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /tiau⁵³/
    /niau⁵³/
    Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /t͡sɛu³²/
    Jian'ou (Northern Min) /niau²¹/
    Shantou (Teochew) /t͡siau⁵³/
    Haikou (Hainanese) /t͡siau²¹³/

    Rime
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial () (5)
    Final () (93)
    Tone (調) Rising (X)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division () IV
    Fanqie
    Baxter tewX
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang
    /teuX/
    Pan
    Wuyun
    /teuX/
    Shao
    Rongfen
    /teuX/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank
    /tɛwX/
    Li
    Rong
    /teuX/
    Wang
    Li
    /tieuX/
    Bernard
    Karlgren
    /tieuX/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex
    diǎo
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex
    diu2
    BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)
    niǎo
    Middle
    Chinese
    ‹ tewX ›
    Old
    Chinese
    /*tˁiwʔ/
    English bird

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 9511
    Phonetic
    component
    Rime
    group
    Rime
    subdivision
    2
    Corresponding
    MC rime
    Old
    Chinese
    /*tɯːwʔ/

    Definitions

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    1. bird (Classifier: m;  m)
        ―  yǎngniǎo  ―  to breed birds
    2. (slang, dialectal) to pay attention; to heed; to take notice of
        ―  Wǒ cái bù niǎo tā.  ―  I don't give a damn about him.
    3. (vulgar, chiefly Taiwan) unpleasant thing
      什麼?!什么?!  ―  shénme niǎo?!  ―  What the fuck?!
    4. (vulgar, chiefly Taiwan) inferior or objectionable (a general term of disparagement)
      事情事情  ―  Zhè shìqíng tài niǎo le!  ―  This thing really sucks!
    Synonyms
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    Compounds

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    Descendants

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    • Thai: เจี๊ยว (jíao)

    Pronunciation 2

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    Definitions

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    1. (vulgar) Alternative form of (diǎo)
      1. penis
      2. (intensifier) damned; goddamn
          ―  Nǐ zhè diǎorén!  ―  You fucking prick!

    Descendants

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    Sino-Xenic ():

    Others:

    Japanese

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    Kanji

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    (Second grade kyōiku kanji)

    Readings

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    Compounds

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    Etymology 1

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    Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
    Wikipedia ja
    English Wikipedia has an article on:
    Wikipedia
    (tori): various kinds of birds.
    Kanji in this term
    とり
    Grade: 2
    kun'yomi

    ⟨to2ri⟩/tori/

    From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *təri. Probably cognate with Middle Korean ᄃᆞᆰ (tolk), modern Korean (dak, fowl; chicken).

    May also be related to the verb 飛ぶ (tobu, to fly).

    Alternative forms

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    • (usually a chicken):
    • (rare)

    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    (とり) (tori

    1. a bird
      • 1999 July 5, “タクヒ [Takuhi]”, in BOOSTER 3, Konami:
        このトリ(あらわ)れた(とき)は、(なに)()(きつ)(こと)()こる(まえ)ぶれ。
        Kono tori ga arawareta toki wa, nani ka fukitsu na koto ga okoru maebure.
        This bird brings bad luck to wherever it comes.
      • 1999 August 26, “セイント・バード [Saint Bird]”, in BOOSTER 4, Konami:
        ()(じょう)()(なが)(とり)(ぜん)(しん)から(せい)なる(ひかり)(はっ)する。
        Hijō ni o no nagai tori. Zenshin kara seinaru hikari o hassuru.
        A bird with an unusually long tail. It illuminates with holy light.
    2. a chicken
    3. fowl or chicken meat
    Derived terms
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    Proper noun

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    (とり) (Tori

    1. a surname
    2. a unisex given name

    Etymology 2

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    Kanji in this term

    Grade: 2
    kun'yomi

    ⟨to2ri⟩⟨*to2/to/

    From Old Japanese.[4][5] Appears to be a shift from tori above.

    Pronunciation

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    • The pitch accent is determined by the entire word.

    Prefix

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    () (to-

    1. a bird
    2. (more specifically) a chicken
    Usage notes
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    • Appears in old compounds. Does not appear to be productive in modern Japanese.
    Derived terms
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    References

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    1. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
    2. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
    3. ^ Steven D. Carter (1991) Traditional Japanese Poetry: An Anthology, illustrated edition, Stanford University Press, →ISBN, page 225
    4. ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
    5. ^ Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN

    Korean

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    Etymology

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    From Middle Chinese (MC tewX).

    Historical Readings
    Dongguk Jeongun Reading
    Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 됴ᇢ〯 (Yale: tyǒw)
    Middle Korean
    Text Eumhun
    Gloss (hun) Reading
    Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[1] 새〯 (Yale: sǎy) 됴〮 (Yale: tyó)

    Pronunciation

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    Hanja

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    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    (eumhun (sae jo))

    1. hanja form? of (bird) [affix]

    Compounds

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    References

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    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [2]

    Okinawan

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    Kanji

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    (Second grade kyōiku kanji)

    1. bird
    2. chicken

    Readings

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    Etymology

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    Kanji in this term
    とぅい
    Grade: 2
    kun'yomi

    From Proto-Ryukyuan *tori, from Proto-Japonic *təri. Cognate with Japanese (tori).

    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    (とぅい) (tui

    1. bird
    2. chicken

    References

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    • とぅい【鳥】” in JLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary, 2019.

    Vietnamese

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    Han character

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    : Hán Nôm readings: điểu, đeo, đéo, đẽo

    1. chữ Hán form of điểu (bird).

    Compounds

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