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U+9B3C, 鬼
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9B3C

[U+9B3B]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+9B3D]
U+2FC1, ⿁
KANGXI RADICAL GHOST

[U+2FC0]
Kangxi Radicals
[U+2FC2]
U+2EE4, ⻤
CJK RADICAL GHOST

[U+2EE3]
CJK Radicals Supplement
[U+2EE5]

Translingual

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Stroke order
Mainland China
Stroke order
Stroke order
(cursive)

Han character

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(Kangxi radical 194, +0, 10 strokes in traditional Chinese, Japanese and Korean, 9 strokes in mainland China, cangjie input 竹山戈 (HUI) or 竹戈 (HI) or 竹田竹戈 (HWHI), four-corner 26213 or 26513, composition (HTJKV) or ⿸⿻丿(G))

  1. Kangxi radical #194, .

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1460, character 30
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 45758
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1993, character 19
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4427, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+9B3C

Chinese

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trad.
simp. #
2nd round simp. ⿸⿻丿日乚
Wikipedia has articles on:

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts

Pictogram (象形) – a kneeling man or figure with an ugly face (). The ugly face could be a mask. The lower right “dot” is a small ; it is a residual tail that was added later – compare . Related to (variant 𠂽), which originally depicts a ghost standing with a stick in hand.

Compare (“different, strange”), in which the also derives from a face and indicates a mask. Compare also , in which the top component represents either a mask or a monkey's head.

Etymology

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Unknown. May be related to:

See also (OC *krolʔ, “to deceive; peculiar”).

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • 2jy - colloquial;
  • 2kue - literary.

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (28)
Final () (21)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division () III
Fanqie
Baxter kjw+jX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/kʉiX/
Pan
Wuyun
/kʷɨiX/
Shao
Rongfen
/kiuəiX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/kujX/
Li
Rong
/kiuəiX/
Wang
Li
/kĭwəiX/
Bernhard
Karlgren
/kwe̯iX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
guǐ
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
gwai2
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
guǐ
Middle
Chinese
‹ kjwɨjX ›
Old
Chinese
/*k-ʔujʔ/
English ghost

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 4689
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
2
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*kulʔ/

Definitions

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  1. ghost; apparition; spirit (Classifier: )
    房子常常 [MSC, trad.]
    房子常常 [MSC, simp.]
    Zhè fángzi chángcháng nàoguǐ. [Pinyin]
    This house is haunted.
  2. devil; demon
    知道  ―  Guǐ cái zhīdào ne!  ―  How should I know?! (literal: The devil only knows! Similar to: "god knows")
  3. (Can we verify(+) this sense?)goblin
  4. stealthy; tricky; furtive
  5. sinister plot; dirty trick
    心裡心里  ―  xīnlǐ yǒuguǐ  ―  to have a guilty conscience
  6. devilish; damned; ghastly
    天氣天气  ―  guǐ tiānqì  ―  damned weather
  7. (informal) clever; smart; quick
    孩子得很孩子得很  ―  Zhè háizi guǐ dehěn!  ―  This kid is amazingly smart!
  8. (derogatory) fool; blockhead; guy; moral imbecile
    那個 [MSC, trad.]
    那个 [MSC, simp.]
    Nàge lǎoguǐ yòu lái le. [Pinyin]
    That geezer is coming again.
  9. Derogatory name for people with a flaw or vice. -ard
      ―  yānguǐ  ―  heavy smoker
      ―  jiǔguǐ  ―  alcoholic
      ―  lǎnguǐ  ―  lazybones
  10. (intimate) imp; urchin
      ―  xiǎoguǐ  ―  imp
    機靈机灵  ―  jīlíngguǐ  ―  crafty child
  11. (regional, derogatory, usually in compounds) Caucasian or Western person
    [Cantonese]  ―  gwai2 lou2 [Jyutping]  ―  gweilo (derogatory term for a white person)
  12. (Cantonese) traitor; rat; mole
  13. (Cantonese, ball games) opponent trying to steal the ball
  14. (Cantonese, inserted in certain adjectives) so; very
  15. (Cantonese) suspicious
  16. (mildly vulgar) the hell
    什麼233什么233  ―  shénme guǐ 233  ―  what the hell LOL
    記得 [Cantonese, trad.]
    记得 [Cantonese, simp.]
    ngo5 dim2 gwai2 gei3 dak1! [Jyutping]
    How the hell am I supposed to remember?!
    什麼什么  ―  Nǐ zài gǎo shénme guǐ?  ―  What the hell are you doing?
    [Cantonese, trad. and simp.]
    nei5 gaau2 mat1 gwai2 aa3? [Jyutping]
    What the hell are you doing?
  17. (mildly vulgar) who the hell; what the hell
    知道  ―  Guǐ zhīdào!  ―  Devil knows!
    [Cantonese, trad. and simp.]
    jau5 gwai2 jan4 zi1 me1! [Jyutping]
    Who the hell knows!
    …… [Cantonese]  ―  gwai2 giu3 nei5...... [Jyutping]  ―  Who the hell told you to... → No one told you to...
    [Cantonese]  ―  jau5 gwai2 jung6 [Jyutping]  ―  has what use (what the hell use it has) → is damn worthless, is of damn-all use

Synonyms

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  • (ghost):
  • (clever):

Antonyms

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  • (antonym(s) of clever):

Compounds

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Descendants

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Sino-Xenic ():
  • Japanese: () (ki)
  • Korean: 귀(鬼) (gwi)
  • Vietnamese: quỷ ()

Others:

References

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  • ”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[3], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
  • 莆田市政协文化文史和学习委员会 [Culture, History and Learning Committee of Putian CPPCC], editor (2021), “”, in 莆仙方言大词典 [Comprehensive Dictionary of Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 250.

Japanese

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Kanji

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(Jōyō kanji)

Readings

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  • Go-on: (ki, Jōyō) (ki, historical)くゐ (kwi, ancient)
  • Kan-on: (ki, Jōyō)
  • Kun: おに (oni, , Jōyō)

Compounds

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Etymology 1

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(oni): two demon-ogres.
Kanji in this term
おに
Grade: S
kun'yomi
  on Japanese Wikipedia

From Old Japanese.[1]

Thought to be derived from (on, to hide; hidden from sight).[1][2][3]

Pronunciation

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Noun

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(おに) (oni

  1. ghost
    ()(こく)(おに)
    ikoku no oni
    a ghost of a foreign country
  2. evil spirit, demon, ogre
    • 938, Minamoto no Shitagō, Wamyō Ruijushō, volume 1, page 32:
      [6]
      人神 周易云、人神曰鬼、居偉反、和名於邇、或説云、於邇者、隠音之訛也、鬼物隠而不欲顯形、故以稱也。
      (please add an English translation of this usage example)
  3. (figurative) someone of remarkable or diabolical energy or ability, a demon
    (かの)(じょ)()(ごと)(おに)だ。
    Kanojo wa shigoto no oni da.
    She is a demon for work.
  4. "it" in a game of tag/hide and seek (鬼ごっこ onigokko, "pretend spirits")
Synonyms
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Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term

Grade: S
on'yomi

Proper noun

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() (Ki

  1. (Chinese astronomy) the Ghost constellation, one of the Twenty-Eight Mansions
    Hypernyms: 朱雀, 二十八宿

References

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  1. 1.0 1.1 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. ^ Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  3. 3.0 3.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  4. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
  5. ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  6. ^ Minamoto, Shitagō with Kyōto Daigaku Bungakubu Kokugogaku Kokubungaku Kenkyūshitu (931–938) Shohon Shūsei Wamyō Ruijushō: Honbunhen (in Japanese), Kyōto: Rinsen, published 1968, →ISBN.

Korean

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Etymology

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From Middle Chinese (MC kjw+jX). Recorded as Middle Korean 귀〯 (kwǔy) (Yale: kwǔy) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Pronunciation

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  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [kɥi(ː)] ~ [ky(ː)]
  • Phonetic hangul: [(ː)]
    • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

(eumhun 귀신 (gwisin gwi))

  1. hanja form? of (ghost; spirit)

Compounds

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References

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  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [4]

Vietnamese

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Han character

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: Hán Việt readings: quỷ
: Nôm readings: khuỷu, quẽ, quỉ, sưu

  1. chữ Hán form of quỷ (any generic ugly, mischievous or evil spirit).

Compounds

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