-ок
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Russian
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]- -ёк (-jók) — after certain letters, especially paired soft consonants
- -ек (-ek) — after certain letters
Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ъkъ.
Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-о́к or -ок • (-ók or -ok)
- (highly productive) takes masculine nouns, produces diminutive masculine nouns, sometimes with further sense development[1]
- дуб (dub, “oak”) + -о́к (-ók) → дубо́к (dubók, “oakling, little oak”)
- шум (šum, “noise”) + -о́к (-ók) → шумо́к (šumók, “noise”)
- чай (čaj, “tea”) + -ёк (-jók) → чаёк (čajók, “tea”) (colloquial, endearing)
- руче́й (ručéj, “brook”) + -ёк (-jók) → ручеёк (ručejók, “little brook”)
- у́голь (úgolʹ, “coal”) + -ёк (-jók) → уголёк (ugoljók, “ember”)
- у́гол (úgol, “corner”) + -о́к (-ók) → уголо́к (ugolók, “corner”)
- пень (penʹ, “stump”) + -ёк (-jók) → пенёк (penjók, “small stump”)
- зверь (zverʹ, “beast”) + -ёк (-jók) → зверёк (zverjók, “little beast”)
- кре́ндель (kréndelʹ, “pretzel”) + -ёк (-jók) → кренделёк (krendeljók, “pretzel”)
- кре́ндель (kréndelʹ, “guy”) (slang, pejorative) + -ёк (-jók) → кренделёк (krendeljók, “guy, dude, bloke”) (slang, pejorative)
- тип (tip, “man, guy”) (colloquial, sometimes pejorative) + -о́к (-ók) → типо́к (tipók, “man, guy”) (colloquial, likely pejorative)
- глаз (glaz, “eye”) + -ок (-ok) → глазо́к (glazók, “peephole”)
- язы́к (jazýk, “tongue”) + -ок (-ok) → язычо́к (jazyčók, “small tongue; uvula; reed (musical)”)
- кула́к (kulák, “cam”) + -ок (-ok) → кулачо́к (kulačók, “small cam; lobe”)
- (highly productive, takes given name, produces given name, diminutive) paired with -ик (-ik), -ук (-uk), -юк (-juk)[2]
- (productive, colloquial, unstressed, takes verbs, produces nouns) an object that remains after process is done[3]
- обре́зать (obrézatʹ, “to clip, to trim”) + -ок (-ok) → обре́зок (obrézok, “clipping”)
- объед- (obʺjed-, “to eat away”) + -ок (-ok) → объе́док (obʺjédok, “scrap”)
- о- (o-) + кури́ть (kurítʹ, “to smoke”) + -ок (-ok) → оку́рок (okúrok, “butt”)
- наброса́ть (nabrosátʹ, “to sketch”) + -ок (-ok) → набро́сок (nabrósok, “sketch”)
- отпеча́тать (otpečátatʹ, “to imprint”) + -ок (-ok) → отпеча́ток (otpečátok, “mark, fingerprint”)
- слепи́ть (slepítʹ, “to model, to sculpt”) + -ок (-ok) → сле́пок (slépok, “mold”)
- (animate, takes verbs, produces nouns) agent[4]
- (takes verbs, produces nouns) a tool or means of an action[5]
- (inanimate, takes verbs, produces nouns) subject of an action[6]
- расти́ (rastí, “to grow”) (past tense рос (ros), compare рост (rost, “growth”)) + -о́к (-ók) → росто́к (rostók, “sprout, shoot”)
- гуде́ть (gudétʹ, “to hoot, to honk”) + -о́к (-ók) → гудо́к (gudók, “hooter, car honk”)
- по- (po-) + пла́вать (plávatʹ, “to swim, to float”) + -о́к (-ók) → поплаво́к (poplavók, “float”)
- (takes verbs, produces nouns) place of an action[7]
- (productive, colloquial, stressed, takes verbs, produces nouns) one occurrence of an action; separate act[8]
- глота́ть (glotátʹ, “to swallow”) + -о́к (-ók) → глото́к (glotók, “swallow, gulp”)
- кива́ть (kivátʹ, “to nod, to beckon”) + -о́к (-ók) → киво́к (kivók, “nod”)
- зевать (zevatʹ, “to yawn, to gape”) + -о́к (-ók) → зево́к (zevók, “yawn, gape”)
- пина́ть (pinátʹ, “to kick”) + -о́к (-ók) → пино́к (pinók, “kick”)
- ма́зать (mázatʹ, “to daub, to paint, to oil”) + -о́к (-ók) → мазо́к (mazók, “dab, stroke”)
- бро́сить (brósitʹ, “to throw”) + -о́к (-ók) → бросо́к (brosók, “throw”)
- скака́ть (skakátʹ, “to jump”) + -о́к (-ók) → скачо́к (skačók, “jump, leap”)
- толка́ть (tolkátʹ, “to push”) + -о́к (-ók) → толчо́к (tolčók, “push”)
- хло́пать (xlópatʹ, “to clap, to slap”) + -о́к (-ók) → хлопо́к (xlopók, “clap, slap”)
- шлёпать (šljópatʹ, “to slap, to smack”) + -о́к (-ók) → шлепо́к (šlepók, “slap, smack”)
- звони́ть (zvonítʹ, “to ring”) + -о́к (-ók) → звоно́к (zvonók, “bell”)
- греб- (greb-, “to row”) + -о́к (-ók) → гребо́к (grebók, “stroke (of an oar)”)
- пры́гать (prýgatʹ, “to jump”) + -о́к (-ók) → прыжо́к (pryžók, “jump”)
- кувыр(ка́ться) (kuvyr(kátʹsja), “to somersault”) + -о́к (-ók) → кувыро́к (kuvyrók, “roll, somersault”)
- плева́ть (plevátʹ, “to spit”) + -о́к (-ók) → плево́к (plevók, “spit”)
- (takes adjective, produces nouns)[9]
- жёлтый (žóltyj, “yellow”) + -о́к (-ók) → желто́к (želtók, “yolk”)
- бе́лый (bélyj, “white”) + -о́к (-ók) → бело́к (belók, “egg white; white (of the eye)”)
- бе́лый (bélyj, “white”) + -ёк (-jók) → белёк (beljók, “young seal”)
- ма́лый (mályj, “small”) + -ёк (-jók) → малёк (maljók, “whitebait”)
- ди́кий (díkij, “wild”) + -о́к (-ók) → дичо́к (dičók, “wilding”) (botany)
- ми́лый (mílyj, “dear”) + -о́к (-ók) → мило́к (milók, “dear, good man”) (in direct address)
- ва́леный (válenyj, “woolen”) + -ок (-ok) → ва́ленок (válenok, “felt boot”)
- ка́таный (kátanyj, “rolled”) + -ок (-ok) → ка́танок (kátanok, “felt boot”) (colloquial)
- (with недо-, productive, colloquial, takes nouns, produces nouns) undeveloped or transitional object[10]
- (takes nouns, produces nouns) paired with -иц (-ic), -ица (-ica), -ак (-ak), -ака (-aka), -як (-jak), -яка (-jaka); a piece of, one of them [11]
- (takes numeral, produces nouns)[12]
- (takes prepositions, produces nouns)[13]
- (unproductive, takes nouns, produces nouns)[14]
- бесце́нок ― bescénok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- (with за-, unproductive, takes nouns, produces nouns) an object behind something or in the background[15]
- закры́лок ― zakrýlok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- (with за-, unproductive, takes nouns, produces nouns) located behind and look alike[16]
- загорбок ― zagorbok ― upper part of the back (colloquial)
- (with о-, unproductive, takes nouns, produces nouns) adjacent[17]
- (with от-, unproductive, takes nouns, produces nouns) separated from, produced by[18]
- отголо́сок ― otgolósok ― echo
- отроек ― otrojek ― distant swarm
- отзимок ― otzimok ― sudden frost in spring
- (with па-, unproductive, produces nouns) alike, but not equal[19]
- сын → па́сынок ― syn → pásynok ― stepson
- труба́ → па́трубок ― trubá → pátrubok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- дым → падымок ― dym → padymok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- вода́ → па́водок ― vodá → pávodok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- го́лень → паголенок ― gólenʹ → pagolenok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- (with пере-, slightly productive, produces nouns) paired with -и (-i); in between, during break (about location or time)[20]
- лес → переле́сок ― les → perelésok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- → перелесье ― → perelesʹje ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- → перелесица ― → perelesica ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- ше́я → переше́ек ― šéja → perešéjek ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- мир → переми́рие ― mir → peremírije ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- → пересменок ― → peresmenok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- → переу́лок ― → pereúlok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- → переле́сок ― → perelésok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- → перелесье ― → perelesʹje ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- → пересменок ― → peresmenok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- (with пере-, unproductive, produces nouns) paired with -и (-i), -ица (-ica); crossing, intersection[21]
- крест → перекрестье ― krest → perekrestʹje ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- крест → перекрёсток ― krest → perekrjóstok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- путь → перепутье ― putʹ → pereputʹje ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- нос → переносье ― nos → perenosʹje ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- нос → перено́сица ― nos → perenósica ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- (with по-, unproductive, produces nouns)[22]
- (with под-, unproductive, produces nouns) beneath[23]
- → подборо́док ― → podboródok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- → подгру́док ― → podgrúdok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- → подле́сок ― → podlésok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- → подкрылок ― → podkrylok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- → подра́мок ― → podrámok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- → подшёрсток ― → podšórstok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- → подпе́чек ― → podpéček ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- (with под-, unproductive, produces nouns) paired with -ик (-ik), -ник (-nik); undeveloped animal or object[24]
- груздь → подгруздок ― gruzdʹ → podgruzdok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- лиса → подлисок ― lisa → podlisok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- язь → подъя́зок ― jazʹ → podʺjázok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- язь → подъязик ― jazʹ → podʺjazik ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- → подсвинок ― → podsvinok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- → подтелок ― → podtelok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- → подлещик ― → podleščik ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- → подъёршик ― → podʺjóršik ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- → подорлик ― → podorlik ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- → подсумок ― → podsumok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- → подпилок ― → podpilok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- → подголосок ― → podgolosok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- пасту́х → подпа́сок ― pastúx → podpások ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- судья́ → подсу́док ― sudʹjá → podsúdok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- часово́й → подчасок ― časovój → podčasok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- кула́к → подкула́чник ― kulák → podkuláčnik ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- Кума → Подкумок ― Kuma → Podkumok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- (with пред-, unproductive, produces nouns)[25]
- → предкры́лок ― → predkrýlok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- (with при-, unproductive, produces nouns) paired with -ник (-nik), -ень (-enʹ); adjacent[26]
- → прилистник ― → prilistnik ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- → прицветник ― → pricvetnik ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- → приямок ― → prijamok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- → приго́рок ― → prigórok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- → приселок ― → priselok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- → привратник ― → privratnik ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- → при́хвостень ― → príxvostenʹ ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- (with при-, unproductive, produces nouns) paired with -ка (-ka); adjacent[27]
- → присту́пок ― → pristúpok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- → присту́пка ― → pristúpka ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- → ступе́нь ― → stupénʹ ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- (with про-, unproductive, produces nouns) in between[28]
- → просте́нок ― → prosténok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- → пролесок ― → prolesok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- → прожи́лок ― → prožílok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- → просёлок ― → prosjólok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- → проу́лок ― → proúlok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- (with су-, unproductive, produces nouns)[29]
- → сугли́нок ― → suglínok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- (with о- и об-, unproductive, produces nouns) paired with -ки (-ki) (plurale tantum), -j, -ина (-ina)[30]
- кури́ть → оку́рок ― kurítʹ → okúrok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- горе́ть → ога́рок ― gorétʹ → ogárok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- мылить → обмы́лок ― mylitʹ → obmýlok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- коло́ть → оско́лок ― kolótʹ → oskólok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- есть → объе́док ― jestʹ → obʺjédok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- пить → опи́вки ― pitʹ → opívki ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- пили́ть → опи́лки ― pilítʹ → opílki ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- коси́ть → око́сье ― kosítʹ → okósʹje ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- кали́ть → ока́лина ― kalítʹ → okálina ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- (unproductive, produces nouns) overdone, with a negative outcome[31]
- ста́рый → переста́рок ― stáryj → perestárok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- (unproductive, animate or inanimate, produces nouns) subject with a qualifier in the first stem[32]
- → первого́док ― → pervogódok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- → одного́док ― → odnogódok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- → полуго́док ― → polugódok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- → полукро́вок ― → polukróvok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- → малоле́ток ― → malolétok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- → одноле́ток ― → odnolétok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- → трехле́ток ― → trexlétok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- → одномерок ― → odnomerok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- → маломерок ― → malomerok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- → четырехстенок ― → četyrexstenok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- → пятистенок ― → pjatistenok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- → перволёдок ― → pervoljódok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- → первопу́ток ― → pervopútok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- → полушу́бок ― → polušúbok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- → полуша́лок ― → polušálok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- → полуста́нок ― → polustánok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- шаль → полуша́лок ― šalʹ → polušálok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- путь → первопу́ток ― putʹ → pervopútok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- ста́нция → полуста́нок ― stáncija → polustánok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
Derived terms
[edit]See also
[edit]- -ик (-ik)
References
[edit]- ^ §413 of Грамматика русского языка, volume 1
- ^ §429 of Грамматика русского языка, volume 1
- ^ §221.2 of Грамматика русского языка, volume 1
- ^ §221.1.а of Грамматика русского языка, volume 1
- ^ §221.1.б of Грамматика русского языка, volume 1
- ^ §221.1.в of Грамматика русского языка, volume 1
- ^ §221.1.г of Грамматика русского языка, volume 1
- ^ §270 of Грамматика русского языка, volume 1
- ^ §313 of Грамматика русского языка, volume 1
- ^ §510 of Грамматика русского языка, volume 1
- ^ §411 of Грамматика русского языка, volume 1
- ^ §444 of Грамматика русского языка, volume 1
- ^ §445 of Грамматика русского языка, volume 1
- ^ §504 of Грамматика русского языка, volume 1
- ^ §506.а of Грамматика русского языка, volume 1
- ^ §506.б of Грамматика русского языка, volume 1
- ^ §511 of Грамматика русского языка, volume 1
- ^ §513 of Грамматика русского языка, volume 1
- ^ §514 of Грамматика русского языка, volume 1
- ^ §515 of Грамматика русского языка, volume 1
- ^ §515 of Грамматика русского языка, volume 1
- ^ §516 of Грамматика русского языка, volume 1
- ^ §517 of Грамматика русского языка, volume 1
- ^ §518 of Грамматика русского языка, volume 1
- ^ §519 of Грамматика русского языка, volume 1
- ^ §520 of Грамматика русского языка, volume 1
- ^ §520 of Грамматика русского языка, volume 1
- ^ §521 of Грамматика русского языка, volume 1
- ^ §525 of Грамматика русского языка, volume 1
- ^ §529 of Грамматика русского языка, volume 1
- ^ §534 of Грамматика русского языка, volume 1
- ^ §574 of Грамматика русского языка, volume 1
Serbo-Croatian
[edit]Etymology
[edit](This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Suffix
[edit]-ок (Latin spelling -ok)
- Suffix appended to the present stem of verbs to form an adjective denoting a feature or a dimension.