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篤

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 笃
篤 U+7BE4, 篤
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7BE4
← 篣
[U+7BE3] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 篥 →
[U+7BE5]

Translingual

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Han character

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篤 (Kangxi radical 118, 竹+10, 16 strokes, cangjie input 竹尸手火 (HSQF), four-corner 88327, composition ⿱𥫗馬)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 894, character 29
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 26344
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1321, character 26
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 2997, character 6
  • Unihan data for U+7BE4

Chinese

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Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 篤
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (竹) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
竺 *tuːɡ, *tuːɡ, *tuɡ
篤 *tuːɡ
竹 *tuɡ
筑 *tuɡ, *duɡ
築 *tuɡ
茿 *tuɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *tuːɡ) : phonetic 竹 (OC *tuɡ) + semantic 馬 (“horse”).

Etymology 1

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trad. 篤
simp. 笃
alternative forms 竺
䈞

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *tuːk (“deep; thick”) (STEDT). Cognate with Tibetan འཐུག་པ ('thug pa, “thick; deep”).

Pronunciation

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  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 篤
Mandarin Beijing /tu³⁵/
Harbin /tu²⁴/
Tianjin /tu⁴⁵/
Jinan /tu²¹³/
Qingdao /tu⁵⁵/
Zhengzhou /tu²⁴/
Xi'an /tu²¹/
Xining /tv̩⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /tu¹³/
Lanzhou /tu¹³/
Ürümqi /fu²¹³/
Wuhan /təu²¹³/
Chengdu /tu³¹/
Guiyang /tu²¹³/
Kunming /tu³¹/
Nanjing /tuʔ⁵/
Hefei /tuəʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /tuəʔ²/
Pingyao
Hohhot /tuəʔ⁴³/
Wu Shanghai /toʔ⁵/
Suzhou /toʔ⁵/
Hangzhou /toʔ⁵/
Wenzhou /to²¹³/
Hui Shexian /tuʔ²¹/
Tunxi /to⁵/
Xiang Changsha /təu²⁴/
Xiangtan /təɯ²⁴/
Gan Nanchang
Hakka Meixian /tuk̚¹/
Taoyuan /tuk̚²²/
Cantonese Guangzhou /tok̚⁵/
Nanning /tuk̚⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /tok̚⁵/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /tɔk̚³²/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /touʔ²³/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /tu²⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /tok̚²/
Haikou (Hainanese) /ʔdok̚³/
Rime
Character 篤
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 端 (5)
Final (韻) 沃 (6)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 冬毒切
Baxter towk
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/tuok̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/tuok̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/tok̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/tawk̚/
Li
Rong 		/tok̚/
Wang
Li 		/tuok̚/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/tuok̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		du
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		duk1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 篤
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		dǔ
Middle
Chinese 		‹ towk ›
Old
Chinese 		/*tˁuk/
English firm, solid

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 篤
Reading # 1/1
No. 17587
Phonetic
component 		竹
Rime
group 		覺
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		篤
Old
Chinese 		/*tuːɡ/

Definitions

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篤

  1. (literary) honest; sincere; earnest; whole-hearted
  2. (literary, of illness) serious; severe; critical
  3. (literary) solid; firm; strong; hard
  4. (literary) deep; profound
  5. (Wu) calm; leisurely; slow
  6. a surname

Compounds

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Etymology 2

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trad. 篤
simp. 笃
alternative forms 督
厾
𧰵
㧻
This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.
Particularly: “Cognate with Hakka 揰 (túng)?”

Pronunciation

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Definitions

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篤

  1. (Cantonese) to poke; to prod
    篤計數機／笃计数机 [Cantonese]  ―  duk1 gai3 sou3 gei1 [Jyutping]  ―  to press a calculator
    做咩攞支筆篤我。 [Cantonese, trad.]
    做咩𫽋支笔笃我。 [Cantonese, simp.]
    zou6 me1 lo2 zi1 bat1 duk1 ngo5. [Jyutping]
    Why did you poke me with a pen?
Synonyms
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Dialectal synonyms of 戳 (“to poke”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 擉
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 戳
Northeastern Mandarin Taiwan 戳
Cantonese Guangzhou 篤, 㓤
Hong Kong 篤, 㓤
Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) 篤, 㓤
Macau 篤
Guangzhou (Panyu) 篤
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 篤
Guangzhou (Conghua) 篤
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 㓤
Foshan 篤
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 篤
Foshan (Shunde) 篤
Foshan (Sanshui) 戳
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 戳
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 篤
Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) 篤
Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) 篤
Zhuhai (Doumen) 篤
Jiangmen (Baisha) 篤
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 篤
Taishan 篤
Kaiping (Chikan) 篤
Enping (Niujiang) 篤
Heshan (Yayao) 戳
Dongguan 篤
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 㓤
Nanning 篤
Yulin 篤
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 㓤
Hakka Meixian ⿰㞘刂
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 揰
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 揰
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 揰
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 揰
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 揰
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 揰
Southern Min Xiamen 鑿, 揬, 拓
Quanzhou 鑿, 揬, 拓
Jinjiang 鑿
Zhangzhou 鑿, 揬, 拓
Tainan 鑿 GT, 揬 GT, 拓 GT
Manila (Hokkien) 鑿
Shantou 捅
Puning 𠜙
Wu Shanghai 戳
Suzhou 戳
Wuxi 戳
Note GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified)

Compounds

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Etymology 3

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trad. 篤
simp. 笃
alternative forms 䐁
㞘
𡰪

Cognate with Hakka 䐁 (dug5).

Pronunciation

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Definitions

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篤

  1. (Cantonese) end; bottom
    行到篤就會見到㗎喇。 [Cantonese, trad.]
    行到笃就会见到㗎喇。 [Cantonese, simp.]
    haang4 dou3 duk1 zau6 wui5 gin3 dou3-2 gaa3 laa3. [Jyutping]
    You will see it when you reach the end [of the path, corridor, etc.].
  2. (Cantonese) distant; of the further end
    間舖頭喺條巷最篤嗰度。 [Cantonese, trad.]
    间铺头喺条巷最笃嗰度。 [Cantonese, simp.]
    gaan1 pou3 tau4-2 hai2 tiu4 hong6 zeoi3 duk1 go2 dou6. [Jyutping]
    The store is at the furthest end of the alley.

Compounds

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Etymology 4

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trad. 篤
simp. 笃
alternative forms 涿

Same etymology as etymology 3 (Mai, 2019).

Pronunciation

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Definitions

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篤

  1. (Cantonese) Classifier for excreta. ⇒ all nouns using this classifier
Compounds
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Etymology 5

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trad. 篤
simp. 笃

Cognate with Shanghainese 拉, as in 阿拉 (“we”), 伊拉 (“they”) (You, 1995).

Pronunciation

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Definitions

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篤

  1. (Suzhounese) Suffix indicating plural for pronouns.
    俉篤／俉笃 [Suzhounese]  ―  6n-toq0 [Wugniu]  ―  you (plural)
    俚篤／俚笃 [Suzhounese]  ―  1li-toq0 [Wugniu]  ―  they

Compounds

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Etymology 6

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trad. 篤
simp. 笃

Pronunciation

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Definitions

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篤

  1. (Suzhounese, placed after an adjective) very
    好篤／好笃 [Suzhounese]  ―  very good
Synonyms
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Dialectal synonyms of 很 (“very”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 甚, 孔
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 很, 非常, 十分
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 挺, 很, 倍兒, 怪
Taiwan 很, 好, 非常, 超, 蠻, 超級
Malaysia 很
Singapore 很, 蠻, 非常
Jilu Mandarin Tianjin 挺, 很, 傻, 老, 倍兒, 齁兒
Jinan 挺, 楞
Central Plains Mandarin Xi'an 很
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 很, 好
Chongqing 很
Wuhan 蠻, 很
Jianghuai Mandarin Yangzhou 蠻, 稀, 很
Hefei 很
Cantonese Guangzhou 好, 非常之
Hong Kong 好, 非常, 非常之, 超, 勁, 十分之, 無敵
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 好
Taishan 好, 十分之
Yangjiang 好
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 好
Singapore (Guangfu) 好, 非常之, 非常
Gan Nanchang 蠻
Hakka Meixian 好, 刮, 已, 還, 異, 還 exclamation
Huidong (Daling) 好
Wuhua (Meilin) 好
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 頂
Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) 好
Changting 野
Wuping (Pingyu) 已, 刮
Liancheng 樣
Ninghua 好
Ruijin 蠻
Shicheng 蠻
Shangyou (Shexi) 蠻
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 當, 已, 還
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 蓋, 盡, 還
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 當, 盡, 已, 還
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 當, 已, 還
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 當, 已, 還
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 足, 真, 實在
Hong Kong 好
Sabah (Bao'an) 好
Kuching (Hepo) 很
Singapore (Dabu) 好
Jin Taiyuan 很, 挺
Northern Min Jian'ou 盡
Eastern Min Fuzhou 野, 真
Singapore (Fuqing) 真
Sitiawan (Gutian) 真
Southern Min Xiamen 真, 野, 誠, 有夠, 萬代, 死人, 非常, 真正, 設汰, 一
Xiamen (Tong'an) 真
Quanzhou 真, 野, 誠, 有夠, 萬代, 死人, 設汰
Jinjiang 野
Zhangzhou 盡, 蓋, 足, 足範, 有夠, 出奇, 極死, 見死, 死了了, 死人, 設汰, 設汰仔
Zhao'an 很, 真, 死絕, 好, 非常
Dongshan 真, 非常
Taipei 真, 誠
New Taipei (Sanxia) 真, 誠
Kaohsiung 有夠, 足, 真, 誠, 蓋
Yilan 有夠, 足, 誠, 盡
Changhua (Lukang) 真, 誠
Taichung 誠, 蓋, 足
Tainan 有夠, 足, 真, 誠, 蓋
Hsinchu 真, 誠
Kinmen 足, 誠
Penghu (Magong) 真, 誠
Penang (Hokkien) 真, 誠, 真正
Singapore (Hokkien) 真, 死爸, 真正, 誠, 足, 有夠
Manila (Hokkien) 野, 真, 萬代, 真誠, 誠, 有夠
Chaozhou 過, 好, 非常, 死爸
Shantou 過, 鐵, 好, 很, 死爸, 死絕
Shantou (Chenghai) 好, 死絕
Shantou (Chaoyang) 好, 非常
Jieyang 過, 好, 死爸, 死絕
Bangkok (Teochew) 好
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 好
Singapore (Teochew) 真, 死爸, 非常
Wenchang 極, 但顧, 真
Haikou 但顧
Qionghai 但顧, 真
Singapore (Hainanese) 但顧, 真
Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) 好, 蠻
Wu Shanghai 蠻, 老, 邪氣, 老老, 瞎, 絕, 十分, 十二萬分, 非常, 非常之, 畢, 畢畢, 來得, 來得個, 煞, 交關, 十二分 rare, 窮 dated, 野 dated, 邪 dated
Suzhou 蠻, 窮
Hangzhou 蠻, 交關, 木佬佬, 冒
Ningbo 交關, 蠻, 堪, 𣍐好, 𣍐派, 甮派, 出格, 木牢牢 rare, 猛 rare
Zhoushan 交關, 蠻, 猛, 堪, 出格, 木牢牢 rare
Wenzhou 蠻, 蒙, 顯
Xiang Changsha 很, 蠻
Shuangfeng 蠻

Japanese

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Kanji

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篤

(Jōyō kanji)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

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  • On (unclassified): とく (toku, Jōyō)
  • Kun: あつい (atsui, 篤い)

Proper noun

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篤(あつし) • (Atsushi) 

  1. a male given name

Korean

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Hanja

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篤 (eumhun 도타울 독 (dotaul dok))

  1. hanja form? of 독 (“deep, true, sincere, genuine”)

Vietnamese

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Han character

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篤: Hán Nôm readings: đốc, dóc, dốc

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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