防
Appearance
|
Translingual
[edit]Han character
[edit]防 (Kangxi radical 170, 阜+4, 7 strokes in traditional Chinese, 6 strokes in simplified Chinese, cangjie input 弓中卜竹尸 (NLYHS), four-corner 70227, composition ⿰阝方)
Derived characters
[edit]References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 1347, character 5
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 41576
- Dae Jaweon: page 1848, character 25
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4118, character 1
- Unihan data for U+9632
Chinese
[edit]simp. and trad. |
防 | |
---|---|---|
alternative forms | 埅 𨹛 |
Glyph origin
[edit]Old Chinese | |
---|---|
縍 | *paːŋ |
榜 | *paːŋʔ, *praːŋs, *braːŋ |
蒡 | *paːŋʔ, *braːŋ |
牓 | *paːŋʔ |
螃 | *paːŋʔ, *paːŋs, *baːŋ |
搒 | *paːŋs, *braːŋ |
舫 | *paːŋs, *paŋs |
謗 | *paːŋs |
雱 | *pʰaːŋ |
磅 | *pʰaːŋ, *pʰraːŋ |
霶 | *pʰaːŋ |
滂 | *pʰaːŋ |
鎊 | *pʰaːŋ |
髈 | *pʰaːŋʔ, *baːŋ |
彷 | *baːŋ, *pʰaŋʔ |
趽 | *baːŋ, *paŋ, *paŋs |
房 | *baːŋ, *baŋ |
篣 | *baːŋ, *braːŋ |
騯 | *baːŋ, *praːŋ, *braːŋ |
傍 | *baːŋ, *baːŋs |
膀 | *baːŋ |
旁 | *baːŋ |
徬 | *baːŋs |
閍 | *praːŋ |
祊 | *praːŋ |
嗙 | *praːŋ |
方 | *paŋ, *baŋ |
汸 | *paŋ |
坊 | *paŋ, *baŋ |
邡 | *paŋ, *pʰaŋs |
枋 | *paŋ |
鈁 | *paŋ |
蚄 | *paŋ |
肪 | *paŋ, *baŋ |
鴋 | *paŋ, *baŋ |
牥 | *paŋ |
昉 | *paŋʔ |
瓬 | *paŋʔ |
放 | *paŋʔ, *paŋs |
倣 | *paŋʔ |
芳 | *pʰaŋ |
淓 | *pʰaŋ |
妨 | *pʰaŋ, *pʰaŋs |
紡 | *pʰaŋʔ |
仿 | *pʰaŋʔ |
髣 | *pʰaŋʔ |
鶭 | *pʰaŋʔ |
訪 | *pʰaŋs |
防 | *baŋ, *baŋs |
魴 | *baŋ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *baŋ, *baŋs) : semantic 阝 + phonetic 方 (OC *paŋ, *baŋ).
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): fang2
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): fong4
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): fon1
- Northern Min (KCR): bǒ̤ng
- Eastern Min (BUC): hòng / huòng
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 6baon; 6vaon
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): fan2
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄈㄤˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: fáng
- Wade–Giles: fang2
- Yale: fáng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: farng
- Palladius: фан (fan)
- Sinological IPA (key): /fɑŋ³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: fang2
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: fang
- Sinological IPA (key): /faŋ²¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: fong4
- Yale: fòhng
- Cantonese Pinyin: fong4
- Guangdong Romanization: fong4
- Sinological IPA (key): /fɔːŋ²¹/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: fong3
- Sinological IPA (key): /fɔŋ²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: fong4
- Sinological IPA (key): /fɔŋ³⁵/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fòng
- Hakka Romanization System: fongˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: fong2
- Sinological IPA: /foŋ¹¹/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: fon1
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /fɒ̃¹¹/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: bǒ̤ng
- Sinological IPA (key): /pɔŋ²¹/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: hòng / huòng
- Sinological IPA (key): /houŋ⁵³/, /huoŋ⁵³/
- (Fuzhou)
Note:
- hòng - vernacular;
- huòng - literary.
- Xiang
- (Changsha)
- Wiktionary: fan2
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɸan¹³/
- (Changsha)
- Dialectal data
- Middle Chinese: bjang, bjangH
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[m-p]aŋ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*baŋ/, /*baŋs/
Definitions
[edit]防
- (literary, or in compounds) dam; embankment
- (obsolete) fortress; stronghold
- (obsolete) to dam; to block; to build an embankment
- to prevent; to guard against
- (literary, or in compounds) to defend; to safeguard
- 或從十五北防河,便至四十西營田。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: 8th century, 杜甫 (Du Fu), 《兵車行》 (The Army Wagons: A Ballad); translated by Stephen Owen
- Huò cóng shíwǔ běi fáng hé, biàn zhì sìshí xī yíngtián. [Pinyin]
- Some from the age of fifteen are north guarding the River, then as soon as they reach forty they work military settlements in the west.
或从十五北防河,便至四十西营田。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- (literary, or in compounds) matters pertaining to defense
- a surname
Synonyms
[edit]- (dam):
- (to prevent):
- (to defend):
Compounds
[edit]- 三防 (sānfáng)
- 不提防
- 不防 (bùfáng)
- 不防頭 / 不防头
- 不隄防
- 以防萬一 / 以防万一 (yǐfángwànyī)
- 保密防諜 / 保密防谍
- 保防
- 保防網 / 保防网
- 保防軍官 / 保防军官
- 偵防 / 侦防
- 冬防
- 冷不防 (lěngbùfáng)
- 前進防衛 / 前进防卫
- 區域聯防 / 区域联防
- 協防 / 协防
- 吃飯防噎 / 吃饭防噎
- 嚴防 / 严防 (yánfáng)
- 回防
- 國防 / 国防 (guófáng)
- 國防化學 / 国防化学
- 國防大學 / 国防大学
- 國防科學 / 国防科学
- 國防部 / 国防部 (guófángbù)
- 國防體制 / 国防体制
- 國防體育 / 国防体育
- 城防 (chéngfáng)
- 堤防 (dīfáng)
- 官防
- 家賊難防 / 家贼难防 (jiāzéinánfáng)
- 島嶼防線 / 岛屿防线
- 布防 (bùfáng)
- 心防
- 慎防
- 慎防杜漸 / 慎防杜渐
- 打官防
- 措不及防
- 接防
- 提防
- 換防 / 换防 (huànfáng)
- 撤防 (chèfáng)
- 操防
- 攻防 (gōngfáng)
- 智防
- 暗箭難防 / 暗箭难防
- 杜微慎防
- 杜漸防微 / 杜渐防微
- 杜漸防萌 / 杜渐防萌
- 核子防護 / 核子防护
- 民防 (mínfáng)
- 決防 / 决防
- 河防
- 海岸防線 / 海岸防线
- 消防 (xiāofáng)
- 海防 (hǎifáng)
- 消防員 / 消防员 (xiāofángyuán)
- 海防林
- 消防栓 (xiāofángshuān)
- 消防署 (xiāofángshǔ)
- 消防設備 / 消防设备
- 消防車 / 消防车 (xiāofángchē)
- 消防隊 / 消防队 (xiāofángduì)
- 火災消防 / 火灾消防
- 猝不及防 (cùbùjífáng)
- 猛不防
- 生物防治 (shēngwù fángzhì)
- 盯人防守
- 知覺防衛 / 知觉防卫
- 禮防 / 礼防
- 移防 (yífáng)
- 積穀防饑 / 积谷防饥 (jīgǔfángjī)
- 空防 (kōngfáng)
- 緊防 / 紧防
- 聯防 / 联防 (liánfáng)
- 設防 / 设防 (shèfáng)
- 調防 / 调防 (diàofáng)
- 謹防 / 谨防 (jǐnfáng)
- 豫防 (yùfáng)
- 巡防
- 巡防營 / 巡防营
- 巡防艦 / 巡防舰 (xúnfángjiàn)
- 返防
- 遏漸防萌 / 遏渐防萌
- 過當防衛 / 过当防卫
- 邊防 / 边防 (biānfáng)
- 邊防軍 / 边防军 (biānfángjūn)
- 關防 / 关防 (guānfáng)
- 防不勝防 / 防不胜防 (fángbùshèngfáng)
- 防備 / 防备 (fángbèi)
- 防凌
- 防凍 / 防冻 (fángdòng)
- 防制
- 防務 / 防务 (fángwù)
- 防區 / 防区
- 防固
- 防地
- 防坦克砲 / 防坦克炮
- 防堵 (fángdǔ)
- 防塵 / 防尘 (fángchén)
- 防嫌
- 防守 (fángshǒu)
- 防寒服
- 防寫口 / 防写口
- 防川 (Fángchuān, “Fangchuan”)
- 防弊除害
- 防彈 / 防弹 (fángdàn)
- 防彈衣 / 防弹衣 (fángdànyī)
- 防微慮遠 / 防微虑远
- 防微杜漸 / 防微杜渐 (fángwēidùjiàn)
- 防患未然 (fánghuànwèirán)
- 防意如城
- 防旱 (fánghàn)
- 防晒油 (fángshàiyóu)
- 防暑 (fángshǔ)
- 防暑降溫 / 防暑降温
- 防暴 (fángbào)
- 防有鵲巢 / 防有鹊巢
- 防止 (fángzhǐ)
- 防毒 (fángdú)
- 防毒面具 (fángdú miànjù)
- 防水 (fángshuǐ)
- 防水材料
- 防水漆
- 防水表
- 防水錶 / 防水表
- 防汛 (fángxùn)
- 防沙
- 防沙堤
- 防沙林
- 防治 (fángzhì)
- 防波堤 (fángbōdī)
- 防洪 (fánghóng)
- 防澇 / 防涝 (fánglào)
- 防潮 (fángcháo)
- 防濕 / 防湿 (fángshī)
- 防火 (fánghuǒ)
- 防火建材
- 防火牆 / 防火墙 (fánghuǒqiáng)
- 防火系統 / 防火系统
- 防火設備 / 防火设备
- 防災 / 防灾 (fángzāi)
- 防特
- 防疫 (fángyì)
- 防病
- 防癆 / 防痨
- 防癌 (fáng'ái)
- 防盜 / 防盗 (fángdào)
- 防盜器 / 防盗器
- 防盜門 / 防盗门
- 防磁
- 防禦 / 防御 (fángyù)
- 防禦戰 / 防御战 (fángyùzhàn)
- 防秋
- 防空 (fángkōng)
- 防空壕 (fángkōngháo)
- 防空洞 (fángkōngdòng)
- 防空演習 / 防空演习
- 防空節 / 防空节
- 防空雷達 / 防空雷达
- 防空飛彈 / 防空飞弹
- 防範 / 防范 (fángfàn)
- 防範得宜 / 防范得宜
- 防範未然 / 防范未然
- 防線 / 防线 (fángxiàn)
- 防縮 / 防缩
- 防老
- 防腐 (fángfǔ)
- 防腐劑 / 防腐剂 (fángfǔjì)
- 防臭劑 / 防臭剂 (fángchòujì)
- 防芽遏萌
- 防萌杜漸 / 防萌杜渐
- 防蔽耳目
- 防蝕劑 / 防蚀剂
- 防蟲 / 防虫 (fángchóng)
- 防衛 / 防卫 (fángwèi)
- 防衛作用 / 防卫作用
- 防衛方式 / 防卫方式
- 防衛權 / 防卫权
- 防衛過當 / 防卫过当
- 防裂
- 防諜 / 防谍 (fángdié)
- 防護 / 防护 (fánghù)
- 防護團 / 防护团
- 防護堤 / 防护堤
- 防護林 / 防护林 (fánghùlín)
- 防身 (fángshēn)
- 防送人
- 防送公人
- 防避
- 防鏽 / 防锈
- 防閑 / 防闲
- 防阻
- 防除
- 防雨布 (fángyǔbù)
- 防震
- 防震設計 / 防震设计
- 防霜林
- 防音牆 / 防音墙
- 防頭 / 防头
- 防風 / 防风 (fángfēng)
- 防風林 / 防风林 (fángfēnglín)
- 防風障 / 防风障
- 防颱 / 防台
- 隄防
- 預防 / 预防 (yùfáng)
- 預防接種 / 预防接种
- 預防注射 / 预防注射
- 預防醫學 / 预防医学
- 預防針 / 预防针 (yùfángzhēn)
- 駐防 / 驻防 (zhùfáng)
- 駐防地 / 驻防地
Further reading
[edit]- “防”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]防
Readings
[edit]- Go-on: ぼう (bō, Jōyō)←ばう (bau, historical)
- Kan-on: ほう (hō)←はう (fau, historical)
- Kun: ふせぐ (fusegu, 防ぐ, Jōyō)、つつみ (tsutsumi)
Compounds
[edit]- dam, embankment
- 堤防 (teibō)
- prevent, anti-, -proof
Derived terms
Derived terms
Korean
[edit]Etymology
[edit](This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)
Pronunciation
[edit]- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [pa̠ŋ]
- Phonetic hangul: [방]
Hanja
[edit]- hanja form? of 방 (“dam, embankment”)
- hanja form? of 방 (“prevent, anti-, -proof”)
- hanja form? of 방 (“defend”)
Compounds
[edit]- 방어 (防禦, bang'eo, “defense”)
- 방수 (防水, bangsu, “waterproof”)
- 방음 (防音, bang'eum, “soundproof”)
- 방화 (防火, banghwa, “fireproof”)
- 방탄 (防彈, bangtan, “bulletproof”)
- 방범 (防犯, bangbeom, “prevention of crime”)
Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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.
Compounds
[edit]- phòng bệnh (防病)
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- Japanese kanji with kan'on reading ほう
- Japanese kanji with historical kan'on reading はう
- Japanese kanji with kun reading ふせ・ぐ
- Japanese kanji with kun reading つつみ
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