況
Appearance
See also: 况
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Translingual
[edit]Stroke order | |||
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Han character
[edit]況 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 水口竹山 (ERHU), four-corner 36110, composition ⿰氵兄)
Derived characters
[edit]Descendants
[edit]References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 615, character 1
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17264
- Dae Jaweon: page 1009, character 1
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1586, character 2
- Unihan data for U+6CC1
Chinese
[edit]trad. | 況 | |
---|---|---|
simp. | 况 | |
alternative forms | 况 𡶢 |
Glyph origin
[edit]Historical forms of the character 況 | ||
---|---|---|
Shang | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
Oracle bone script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *hmaŋs) : semantic 氵 (“river”) + phonetic 兄 (OC *hmraŋ).
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): kuang4
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): kuong3
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): kuon3
- Northern Min (KCR): kua̿ng
- Eastern Min (BUC): kuóng / huóng
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 5huaon; 5khuaon
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): kuan4
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄎㄨㄤˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: kuàng
- Wade–Giles: kʻuang4
- Yale: kwàng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kuanq
- Palladius: куан (kuan)
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰu̯ɑŋ⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: kuang4
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: kuong
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰuaŋ²¹³/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: fong3
- Yale: fong
- Cantonese Pinyin: fong3
- Guangdong Romanization: fong3
- Sinological IPA (key): /fɔːŋ³³/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: fong2
- Sinological IPA (key): /fɔŋ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: kuong3
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰuɔŋ²¹³/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khóng
- Hakka Romanization System: kongˋ
- Hagfa Pinyim: kong3
- Sinological IPA: /kʰoŋ³¹/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: kuon3
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /kʰuɒ̃⁴⁵/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: kua̿ng
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰuaŋ³³/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: kuóng / huóng
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰuɔŋ²¹³/, /huɔŋ²¹³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hòng
- Tâi-lô: hòng
- Phofsit Daibuun: hoxng
- IPA (Quanzhou): /hɔŋ⁴¹/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /hɔŋ²¹/
- IPA (Taipei): /hɔŋ¹¹/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khòng
- Tâi-lô: khòng
- Phofsit Daibuun: qoxng
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kʰɔŋ²¹/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: kuang3
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khuàng
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰuaŋ²¹³/
- Wu
- Xiang
- (Changsha)
- Wiktionary: kuan4
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰu̯an⁴⁵/
- (Changsha)
- Dialectal data
- Middle Chinese: xjwangH
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[m̥]aŋ-s/
- (Zhengzhang): /*hmaŋs/
Definitions
[edit]況
- condition; situation
- (archaic) much less; let alone
- 臣之罪甚多矣。臣猶知之,而況君乎?請由此亡。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4th century BCE
- Chén zhī zuì shènduō yǐ. Chén yóu zhī zhī, ér kuàng jūn hū? Qǐng yóucǐ wáng. [Pinyin]
- My wrongdoings have been excessive. Even I myself understand this, let alone you, my liege? May you banish me henceforth.
臣之罪甚多矣。臣犹知之,而况君乎?请由此亡。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]- 吾未聞枉己而正人者也,況辱己以正天下者乎? [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: Mencius, c. 4th century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Wú wèi wén wǎngjǐ ér zhèngrén zhě yě, kuàng rǔjǐ yǐ zhèng tiānxià zhě hū? [Pinyin]
- I have not heard of one who bent himself, and at the same time made others straight; how much less could one disgrace himself, and thereby rectify the whole kingdom?
吾未闻枉己而正人者也,况辱己以正天下者乎? [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- furthermore
- to compare; to draw an analogy with
Compounds
[edit]- 何況 / 何况 (hékuàng)
- 出狀況 / 出状况
- 勢況 / 势况
- 境況 / 境况 (jìngkuàng)
- 實況 / 实况 (shíkuàng)
- 實況轉播 / 实况转播
- 實況錄影 / 实况录影
- 市況 / 市况 (shìkuàng)
- 情況 / 情况 (qíngkuàng)
- 情況證據 / 情况证据
- 戰況 / 战况 (zhànkuàng)
- 景況 / 景况 (jǐngkuàng)
- 概況 / 概况 (gàikuàng)
- 每下愈況 / 每下愈况 (měixiàyùkuàng)
- 每況愈下 / 每况愈下 (měikuàngyùxià)
- 比況 / 比况
- 況且 / 况且 (kuàngqiě)
- 況乃 / 况乃
- 況乎 / 况乎 (kuànghū)
- 況味 / 况味 (kuàngwèi)
- 況迺 / 况迺
- 狀況 / 状况 (zhuàngkuàng)
- 現況 / 现况 (xiànkuàng)
- 病況 / 病况 (bìngkuàng)
- 盛況 / 盛况 (shèngkuàng)
- 盛況空前 / 盛况空前
- 空前盛況 / 空前盛况
- 窘況 / 窘况 (jiǒngkuàng)
- 而況 / 而况 (érkuàng)
- 自況 / 自况
- 路況 / 路况 (lùkuàng)
- 近況 / 近况 (jìnkuàng)
Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]況
Readings
[edit]- Go-on: こう (kō)←くわう (kwau, historical)
- Kan-on: きょう (kyō, Jōyō)←きやう (kyau, historical)←くゐやう (kwiyau, ancient)
- Kun: まして (mashite, 況して)、いわんや (iwan'ya, 況んや)←いはんや (ifan'ya, 況んや, historical)、おもむき (omomuki, 況)
Korean
[edit]Hanja
[edit]況 • (hwang) (hangeul 황, revised hwang, McCune–Reischauer hwang, Yale hwang)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
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Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]況: Hán Nôm readings: huống[1][2][3][4][5][6]
- chữ Hán form of huống (“situation; furthermore”).
References
[edit]Categories:
- CJK Unified Ideographs block
- Han script characters
- Translingual lemmas
- Translingual symbols
- Han phono-semantic compounds
- Chinese lemmas
- Mandarin lemmas
- Sichuanese lemmas
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- Hakka lemmas
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- Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Chinese terms spelled with 況
- Chinese terms with archaic senses
- Literary Chinese terms with quotations
- Japanese kanji
- Japanese jōyō kanji
- Japanese kanji with goon reading こう
- Japanese kanji with historical goon reading くわう
- Japanese kanji with kan'on reading きょう
- Japanese kanji with historical kan'on reading きやう
- Japanese kanji with ancient kan'on reading くゐやう
- Japanese kanji with kun reading ま・して
- Japanese kanji with kun reading いわ・んや
- Japanese kanji with historical kun reading いは・んや
- Japanese kanji with kun reading おもむき
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