hòng

See also: hong, hóng, hồng, hōng, hǒng, Hong, and Høng

Hokkien

For pronunciation and definitions of hòng – see 放 (“to release; to free; to liberate; to let out; to let go; to launch; to shoot; etc.”). (This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 放).

Mandarin

Alternative forms

hong — nonstandard
hòŋ — very rare shorthand

Romanization

hòng (hong⁴, Zhuyin ㄏㄨㄥˋ)

Hanyu Pinyin reading of 澒 / 𭱊
Hanyu Pinyin reading of 蕻
Hanyu Pinyin reading of 鍙
Hanyu Pinyin reading of 閧 / 哄
Hanyu Pinyin reading of 鬨 / 哄

Vietnamese

Etymology

Attested in Quốc âm thi tập (國音詩集; 15th cent.) as 烘 (MC huwng|xuwng|huwngH|xuwngH) (modern SV: hồng).

This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.
Particularly: “Unsure if this is just a phonetic transcription of a native etymon or a genuine loan. Trần Trọng Dương (2014) seems to go for the genuine loan theory. Semantically, compare nung nấu (lit. to brew [an intention]) or English cook.”

Pronunciation

(Hà Nội) IPA^(key): [hawŋ͡m˨˩]
(Huế) IPA^(key): [hawŋ͡m˦˩] ~ [hɔŋ˦˩]
(Saigon) IPA^(key): [hawŋ͡m˨˩]

Verb

hòng • (洪, 𪡥, 烘, 𢞃, 󱷾, 𠸣, 𥈰)

to intend; to aim (often of ill-intention)
khai gian hòng qua mắt thanh tra ― to falsify one's claims in order to mislead inspectors

Adverb

hòng • (烘)

(archaic) Synonym of sắp (“about to; going to”)