預備

See also: 豫備 and 予備

Chinese

	to advance; in advance; beforehand to advance; in advance; beforehand; to prepare	to prepare; get ready; to provide or equip
trad. (預備)	預	備
simp. (预备)	预	备
alternative forms	豫備／豫备 archaic

Etymology

Taiwanese Hokkien pronunciations of 預備 / 预备 (iú-bih, ió-bih) are from Japanese 予備(よび) (yobi).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): yùbèi

(Zhuyin): ㄩˋ ㄅㄟˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): jyu⁶ bei⁶
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): yi-phi

(Hailu, HRS): rhi^˖ pi^˖
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): ū-pī / īr-pī / ī-pī / ió-bih / iú-bih
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶yu-be

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yùbèi
  - Zhuyin: ㄩˋ ㄅㄟˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yùbèi
  - Wade–Giles: yü⁴-pei⁴
  - Yale: yù-bèi
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yuhbey
  - Palladius: юйбэй (jujbɛj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /y⁵¹⁻⁵³ peɪ̯⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: jyu⁶ bei⁶
  - Yale: yuh beih
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jy⁶ bei⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: yu⁶ béi⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jyː²² pei̯²²/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yi-phi
  - Hakka Romanization System: i pi
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yi⁴ pi⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /i⁵⁵ pʰi⁵⁵/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yi-phi
  - Hakka Romanization System: (r)i pi
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yi⁴ pi⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /(j)i⁵⁵ pʰi⁵⁵/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: rhi^˖ pi^˖
  - Sinological IPA: /ʒi³³ pʰi³³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Taipei)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ū-pī
  - Tâi-lô: ū-pī
  - Phofsit Daibuun: uxpi
  - IPA (Taipei): /u³³⁻¹¹ pi³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /u²²⁻²¹ pi²²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: īr-pī
  - Tâi-lô: īr-pī
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /ɯ⁴¹⁻²² pi⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ī-pī
  - Tâi-lô: ī-pī
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ixpi
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /i³³⁻²¹ pi³³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /i²²⁻²¹ pi²²/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ió-bih
  - Tâi-lô: ió-bih
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ioy'biq
  - IPA (Taipei): /io⁵³⁻⁴⁴ biʔ³²/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /iɤ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ biʔ³²/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iú-bih
  - Tâi-lô: iú-bih
  - Phofsit Daibuun: iw'biq
  - IPA (Taipei): /iu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ biʔ³²/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /iu⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ biʔ³²/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁶yu-be
  - MiniDict: yu^去 be
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³hhy-be
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɦy²² be⁴⁴/

Middle Chinese: yoH bijH

Rime
Character	預	備
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	以 (36)	並 (3)
Final (韻)	魚 (22)	脂 (17)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	羊洳切	平祕切
Baxter	yoH	bijH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/jɨʌ^H/	/bˠiɪ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/jiɔ^H/	/bᵚi^H/
Shao Rongfen	/iɔ^H/	/biɪ^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/jɨə̆^H/	/bji^H/
Li Rong	/iɔ^H/	/bji^H/
Wang Li	/jĭo^H/	/bi^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/i̯wo^H/	/bʱi^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yù	bì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jyu⁶	bei⁶

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*las brɯɡs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	備
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	bèi
Middle Chinese	‹ bij^H ›
Old Chinese	/*[b]rək-s/
English	complete (adj.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	預	備
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	15740	426
Phonetic component	予	備
Rime group	魚	代
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	豫	備
Old Chinese	/*las/	/*brɯɡs/

Verb

預備

to prepare; to get ready; to make ready
各就各位，預備，跑！ [MSC, trad.]
各就各位，预备，跑！ [MSC, simp.]
Gèjiùgèwèi, yùbèi, pǎo! [Pinyin]
On your marks, get set, go!
- 1995, “無法度按捺”, 陳民轅 (lyrics)‎^[1]performed by Why Not:
  
  妳感覺不如預備幾個看看 [Taiwanese Hokkien, trad.]
  你感觉不如预备几个看看 [Taiwanese Hokkien, simp.]
  lí kám-kak put-lû iú-bih kúi ê khòaⁿ-māi [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
  (please add an English translation of this quotation)
(literary) to guard against; to take precautions against

Synonyms

(to prepare):

edit

候防 (Puxian Min)
備辦 / 备办 (bèibàn)
傳 / 传 (Quanzhou Hokkien, Xiamen Hokkien)
商量 (shāngliàng) (Classical Chinese)
張羅 / 张罗
準備 / 准备 (zhǔnbèi)
籌備 / 筹备 (chóubèi)
醞釀 / 酝酿 (yùnniàng) (figurative)

(to guard against):

edit

候防 (Puxian Min)
免除 (miǎnchú)
嚴防 / 严防 (yánfáng)
戒備 / 戒备 (jièbèi)
提防
謹防 / 谨防 (jǐnfáng)
避 (bì) (literary, or in compounds)
避免 (bìmiǎn)
防 (fáng)
防備 / 防备 (fángbèi)
防止 (fángzhǐ)
防範 / 防范 (fángfàn)
阻止 (zǔzhǐ)
預防 / 预防 (yùfáng)

Derived terms

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (預備):

→ Japanese: 予備(よび) (yobi)
→ Korean: 예비(豫備) (yebi)
→ Vietnamese: dự bị (預備)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
預	備
よ Grade: 6	び Grade: 5
on'yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 預備 – see the following entry.

【予備よび】

[noun] reserve (that which is reserved, or kept back, as for future use), spare, preliminaries

(This term, 預備, is an alternative spelling (obsolete) of the above term.)