-os

See also: Appendix:Variations of "os"

English

Etymology

From the traditional Ashkenazi pronunciation of Hebrew ־וֹת (“-ót”), and it's descendant, Yiddish ־ות (-es).

Suffix

-os

1. Used to form plurals of some Hebrew and Yiddish loanwords, usually ending in -a or -ah.

Synonyms

• (forming plurals of Hebrew loanwords): -as, -ahs, -ot, -oth

Derived terms

• halachos, Halachos
• matzos

Anagrams

• SO, S/O, s.o., so, So, So., S&O, s/o, S.O.

Aromanian

Alternative forms

• -osu

Etymology

From Latin -ōsus.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /os/

Suffix

-os m (feminine singular -oasã, masculine plural -osh, feminine plural -oasi or -oase) or (feminine -ose , feminine plural -osi)

1. -ous; used to form adjectives

Derived terms

Aromanian terms suffixed with -os

Esperanto

Etymology

The Esperanto suffixes -as, -is, -os, -us are related, and appear to have been inspired by previous language projects:

This play of vowels is not an original idea of Zamenhof's: -as, -is, -os are found for the three tenses of the infinitive in Faiguet's system of 1765; -a, -i, -o without a consonant are used like Z's -as, -is, -os by Rudelle (1858); Courtonne in 1885 had -am, -im, -om in the same values, and the similarity with Esperanto is here even more perfect than in the other projects, as -um corresponds to Z's -us. —An International Language (1928)

Suffix

-os

1. will; ending of future tense in verbs.

   Mi iros al la vendejo. ― I will go to the store.

Finnish

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *-os. Equivalent to -o +‎ -s, or re-extracted from verbs with stems ending in o.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /-os/, [-o̞s̠]

Suffix

-os (front vowel harmony variant -ös, linguistic notation -Os)

1. Forms nouns denoting the result of the action of a verb.

   ‎liittää (“to join”) + ‎-os → ‎liitos (“joining, joint”)

   ‎muuntaa (“to change, convert”) + ‎-os → ‎muunnos (“conversion”)

Usage notes

Roots with the neutral front vowels -e-, -i- take the back-vocalic allomorph -os (e.g. pettää (“to deceive, to betray”) → petos (“betrayal, fraud”), piirtää (“to draw”) → piirros (“drawing”)). The form -ös is only used when the first syllable of the root contains what is considered a front vowel under harmony, i.e. -ä-, -ö- or -y- (e.g. kääntää (“to turn; to translate”) → käännös (“turn; translation”), kytkeä (“to connect”) → kytkös (“connection”), näyttää (“to show”) → näytös (“act”)).

Declension

Inflection of -os (Kotus type 39/vastaus, no gradation)
nominative		-os	-okset
genitive		-oksen	-osten -oksien
partitive		-osta	-oksia
illative		-okseen	-oksiin
		singular	plural
nominative		-os	-okset
accusative	nom.	-os	-okset
	gen.	-oksen
genitive		-oksen	-osten -oksien
partitive		-osta	-oksia
inessive		-oksessa	-oksissa
elative		-oksesta	-oksista
illative		-okseen	-oksiin
adessive		-oksella	-oksilla
ablative		-okselta	-oksilta
allative		-okselle	-oksille
essive		-oksena	-oksina
translative		-okseksi	-oksiksi
abessive		-oksetta	-oksitta
instructive		—	-oksin
comitative		See the possessive forms below.

Possessive forms of -os (Kotus type 39/vastaus, no gradation)

first-person singular possessor singular plural nominative -okseni -okseni accusative nom. -okseni -okseni gen. -okseni genitive -okseni -osteni -oksieni partitive -ostani -oksiani inessive -oksessani -oksissani elative -oksestani -oksistani illative -okseeni -oksiini adessive -oksellani -oksillani ablative -okseltani -oksiltani allative -okselleni -oksilleni essive -oksenani -oksinani translative -oksekseni -oksikseni abessive -oksettani -oksittani instructive — — comitative — -oksineni second-person singular possessor singular plural nominative -oksesi -oksesi accusative nom. -oksesi -oksesi gen. -oksesi genitive -oksesi -ostesi -oksiesi partitive -ostasi -oksiasi inessive -oksessasi -oksissasi elative -oksestasi -oksistasi illative -okseesi -oksiisi adessive -oksellasi -oksillasi ablative -okseltasi -oksiltasi allative -oksellesi -oksillesi essive -oksenasi -oksinasi translative -okseksesi -oksiksesi abessive -oksettasi -oksittasi instructive — — comitative — -oksinesi first-person plural possessor singular plural nominative -oksemme -oksemme accusative nom. -oksemme -oksemme gen. -oksemme genitive -oksemme -ostemme -oksiemme partitive -ostamme -oksiamme inessive -oksessamme -oksissamme elative -oksestamme -oksistamme illative -okseemme -oksiimme adessive -oksellamme -oksillamme ablative -okseltamme -oksiltamme allative -oksellemme -oksillemme essive -oksenamme -oksinamme translative -okseksemme -oksiksemme abessive -oksettamme -oksittamme instructive — — comitative — -oksinemme second-person plural possessor singular plural nominative -oksenne -oksenne accusative nom. -oksenne -oksenne gen. -oksenne genitive -oksenne -ostenne -oksienne partitive -ostanne -oksianne inessive -oksessanne -oksissanne elative -oksestanne -oksistanne illative -okseenne -oksiinne adessive -oksellanne -oksillanne ablative -okseltanne -oksiltanne allative -oksellenne -oksillenne essive -oksenanne -oksinanne translative -okseksenne -oksiksenne abessive -oksettanne -oksittanne instructive — — comitative — -oksinenne third-person possessor singular plural nominative -oksensa -oksensa accusative nom. -oksensa -oksensa gen. -oksensa genitive -oksensa -ostensa -oksiensa partitive -ostaan -ostansa -oksiaan -oksiansa inessive -oksessaan -oksessansa -oksissaan -oksissansa elative -oksestaan -oksestansa -oksistaan -oksistansa illative -okseensa -oksiinsa adessive -oksellaan -oksellansa -oksillaan -oksillansa ablative -okseltaan -okseltansa -oksiltaan -oksiltansa allative -okselleen -oksellensa -oksilleen -oksillensa essive -oksenaan -oksenansa -oksinaan -oksinansa translative -oksekseen -okseksensa -oksikseen -oksiksensa abessive -oksettaan -oksettansa -oksittaan -oksittansa instructive — — comitative — -oksineen -oksinensa

Derived terms

Finnish terms suffixed with -os

Anagrams

• so.

French

Etymology

Variant of -o

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /os/

• Audio:

  (file)

Suffix

-os

1. (slang) Slang ending of nouns, adjectives and adverbs (without changing the meaning)

Derived terms

Nouns :

• calendos
• chiantos
• matos
• musicos

Adjectives :

• chicos
• chouettos
• coolos
• craignos
• débilos
• gratos
• rupinos
• tristos

Adverbs :

• rapidos
• tranquillos

Hungarian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [oʃ]
• Rhymes: -oʃ

Suffix

-os

1. (adjective-forming suffix) Added to a noun to form an adjective meaning "having something"; sometimes referred to as ornative.

   ‎kar (“arm”) + ‎-os → ‎karos (“something with an arm”), for example karosszék (“armchair, a chair with an arm”)

2. (noun-forming suffix) Added to a noun to form a noun, for example an occupation or a collective noun.

   ‎asztal (“table”) + ‎-os → ‎asztalos (“carpenter”)

   ‎akác (“acacia”) + ‎-os → ‎akácos (“acacia grove”)

3. (number-forming suffix) Added to an ordinal number to form a digit or figure, cf. the relevant template.

   ‎hat (“six”) + ‎-os → ‎hatos (“the digit or figure six”)

4. (frequentative suffix) Added to a verb to form a new verb expressing repetitive action. No longer productive in this sense.

   ‎fut (“to run”) + ‎-os → ‎futos (“to run back and forth”) (dated, modern version futkos)

Usage notes

• (all senses) Variants:

  -s is added to words ending in a vowel. Final -a changes to -á-. Final -e changes to -é-.

  -os is added to some back-vowel words ending in a consonant

  -as is added to other back-vowel words ending in a consonant

  -es is added to unrounded (and some rounded) front-vowel words ending in a consonant

  -ös is added to most rounded front-vowel words ending in a consonant

Derived terms

Hungarian adjectives suffixed with -os

Hungarian nouns suffixed with -os

Hungarian verbs suffixed with -os

Descendants

• → Pannonian Rusyn: -ош (-oš)

See also

• Appendix:Hungarian suffixes

Ido

Etymology

Borrowed from Esperanto -os, back-formation from -as.

Suffix

-os

1. desinence of the future tense in verbs

See also

• -as
• -is
• -ar
• -ir
• -or

Ingrian

Etymology 1

From Proto-Finnic *-os. Cognates include Finnish -os.

Pronunciation

• (Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /-os/, [-o̞z̠]
• (Soikkola) IPA^(key): /-os/, [-o̞ʒ̥]

Suffix

-os (front vowel variant -ös)

1. Forms nouns denoting the result of the action of a verb.

   ‎pettää (“to betray”) + ‎-os → ‎petos (“betrayal”)

   ‎kirjuttaa (“to write”) + ‎-os → ‎kirjutos (“writing”)

Declension

Declension of -os (type 2/petos, no gradation)
	singular	plural
nominative	-os	-okset
genitive	-oksen	-oksiin
partitive	-osta, -ost	-oksia
illative	-oksee	-oksii
inessive	-oksees	-oksiis
elative	-oksest	-oksist
allative	-okselle	-oksille
adessive	-okseel	-oksiil
ablative	-okselt	-oksilt
translative	-okseks	-oksiks
essive	-oksenna, -okseen	-oksinna, -oksiin
exessive1)	-oksent	-oksint
1) obsolete *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive.

Derived terms

Ingrian terms suffixed with -os

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Pronunciation

• (Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /-os/, [-o̞z̠]
• (Soikkola) IPA^(key): /-os/, [-o̞ʒ̥]

Suffix

-os

1. inessive singular of -o

Etymology 3

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Pronunciation

• (Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /-os/, [-o̞z̠]
• (Soikkola) IPA^(key): /-oi̯s/, [-o̞i̯ʒ̥]

Suffix

-os

1. inessive singular of -o

References

• V. I. Junus (1936) Iƶoran Keelen Grammatikka‎^[1], Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 56

Latin

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /oːs/, [oːs̠]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /os/, [ɔs]

Suffix

-ōs

1. accusative masculine plural of -us

Middle English

Suffix

-os

1. Alternative form of -ous

Old French

Suffix

-os

1. Alternative form of -us

Portuguese

Suffix

-os m

1. plural of -o
   • 2007, J. K. Rowling, translated by Lia Wyler, Harry Potter e as Relíquias da Morte [Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows] (Harry Potter; 7), Rio de Janeiro: Rocco, →ISBN, page 308:

     Você notou os cabelos dela, são negros e brilhantes e macios...

     You noticed her hair, it's dark and brilliant and soft...

Romanian

Etymology

Inherited from Latin -ōsus (“full (of)”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /os/

Suffix

-os m or n (feminine singular -oasă, masculine plural -oși, feminine and neuter plural -oase)

1. Forms adjectives; -ous

Declension

		singular				plural
		masculine	neuter	feminine		masculine	neuter	feminine
nominative- accusative	indefinite	-os		-oasă		-oși	-oase
	definite	-osul		-oasa		-oșii	-oasele
genitive- dative	indefinite	-os		-oase		-oși	-oase
	definite	-osului		-oasei		-oșilor	-oaselor

Derived terms

Romanian terms suffixed with -os

• bărbos
• frumos
• gustos
• osos
• păros
• sănătos, etc.

Related terms

• -icios

Welsh

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɔs/

Suffix

-os

1. diminutive suffix, usually indicating an element of endearment

   ‎plant (“children”) + ‎-os → ‎plantos (“kiddies”)

   ‎merched (“girls”) + ‎-os → ‎merchetos (“little girls”)

   ‎tai (“houses”) + ‎-os → ‎teios (“small houses”)

2. area characterised by a particular plant

   ‎bedw (“birch”) + ‎-os → ‎bedwos (“birch grove, place where birch grow”)

   ‎grug (“heather”) + ‎-os → ‎grugos (“heath”)

   ‎brwyn (“rushes”) + ‎-os → ‎brwynos (“brwynos”)

Usage notes

-os can only be added to plural or collective nouns.

Derived terms

Welsh terms suffixed with -os

References

R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “-os”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies