-os

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See also: Appendix:Variations of "os"

English

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Etymology

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From the traditional Ashkenazi pronunciation of Hebrew ־וֹת (“-ót”), and it's descendant, Yiddish ־ות (-es).

Suffix

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-os

  1. Used to form plurals of some Hebrew and Yiddish loanwords, usually ending in -a or -ah.

Synonyms

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  • (forming plurals of Hebrew loanwords): -as, -ahs, -ot, -oth

Derived terms

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Anagrams

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Aromanian

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Latin -ōsus.

Pronunciation

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Suffix

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-os m (feminine singular -oasã, masculine plural -osh, feminine plural -oasi or -oase) or (feminine -ose , feminine plural -osi)

  1. -ous; used to form adjectives

Derived terms

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Aromanian terms suffixed with -os

Esperanto

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Etymology

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The Esperanto suffixes -as, -is, -os, -us are related, and appear to have been inspired by previous language projects:

This play of vowels is not an original idea of Zamenhof's: -as, -is, -os are found for the three tenses of the infinitive in Faiguet's system of 1765; -a, -i, -o without a consonant are used like Z's -as, -is, -os by Rudelle (1858); Courtonne in 1885 had -am, -im, -om in the same values, and the similarity with Esperanto is here even more perfect than in the other projects, as -um corresponds to Z's -us. —An International Language (1928)

Suffix

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-os

  1. will; ending of future tense in verbs.
    Mi iros al la vendejo. ― I will go to the store.

Finnish

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Etymology

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From Proto-Finnic *-os. Equivalent to -o +‎ -s, or re-extracted from verbs with stems ending in o.

Pronunciation

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Suffix

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-os (front vowel harmony variant -ös, linguistic notation -Os)

  1. Forms nouns denoting the result of the action of a verb.
    ‎liittää (“to join”) + ‎-os → ‎liitos (“joining, joint”)
    ‎muuntaa (“to change, convert”) + ‎-os → ‎muunnos (“conversion”)

Usage notes

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Roots with the neutral front vowels -e-, -i- take the back-vocalic allomorph -os (e.g. piirtää (“to draw”) → piirros (“drawing”)). The form -ös is only used when the first syllable of the root contains a front rounded vowel (e.g. näyttää (“to show”) → näytös (“act”)).

Declension

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Inflection of -os (Kotus type 39/vastaus, no gradation)
nominative -os -okset
genitive -oksen -osten
-oksien
partitive -osta -oksia
illative -okseen -oksiin
singular plural
nominative -os -okset
accusative nom. -os -okset
gen. -oksen
genitive -oksen -osten
-oksien
partitive -osta -oksia
inessive -oksessa -oksissa
elative -oksesta -oksista
illative -okseen -oksiin
adessive -oksella -oksilla
ablative -okselta -oksilta
allative -okselle -oksille
essive -oksena -oksina
translative -okseksi -oksiksi
abessive -oksetta -oksitta
instructive — -oksin
comitative See the possessive forms below.
Possessive forms of -os (Kotus type 39/vastaus, no gradation)
first-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative -okseni -okseni
accusative nom. -okseni -okseni
gen. -okseni
genitive -okseni -osteni
-oksieni
partitive -ostani -oksiani
inessive -oksessani -oksissani
elative -oksestani -oksistani
illative -okseeni -oksiini
adessive -oksellani -oksillani
ablative -okseltani -oksiltani
allative -okselleni -oksilleni
essive -oksenani -oksinani
translative -oksekseni -oksikseni
abessive -oksettani -oksittani
instructive — —
comitative — -oksineni
second-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative -oksesi -oksesi
accusative nom. -oksesi -oksesi
gen. -oksesi
genitive -oksesi -ostesi
-oksiesi
partitive -ostasi -oksiasi
inessive -oksessasi -oksissasi
elative -oksestasi -oksistasi
illative -okseesi -oksiisi
adessive -oksellasi -oksillasi
ablative -okseltasi -oksiltasi
allative -oksellesi -oksillesi
essive -oksenasi -oksinasi
translative -okseksesi -oksiksesi
abessive -oksettasi -oksittasi
instructive — —
comitative — -oksinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative -oksemme -oksemme
accusative nom. -oksemme -oksemme
gen. -oksemme
genitive -oksemme -ostemme
-oksiemme
partitive -ostamme -oksiamme
inessive -oksessamme -oksissamme
elative -oksestamme -oksistamme
illative -okseemme -oksiimme
adessive -oksellamme -oksillamme
ablative -okseltamme -oksiltamme
allative -oksellemme -oksillemme
essive -oksenamme -oksinamme
translative -okseksemme -oksiksemme
abessive -oksettamme -oksittamme
instructive — —
comitative — -oksinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative -oksenne -oksenne
accusative nom. -oksenne -oksenne
gen. -oksenne
genitive -oksenne -ostenne
-oksienne
partitive -ostanne -oksianne
inessive -oksessanne -oksissanne
elative -oksestanne -oksistanne
illative -okseenne -oksiinne
adessive -oksellanne -oksillanne
ablative -okseltanne -oksiltanne
allative -oksellenne -oksillenne
essive -oksenanne -oksinanne
translative -okseksenne -oksiksenne
abessive -oksettanne -oksittanne
instructive — —
comitative — -oksinenne
third-person possessor
singular plural
nominative -oksensa -oksensa
accusative nom. -oksensa -oksensa
gen. -oksensa
genitive -oksensa -ostensa
-oksiensa
partitive -ostaan
-ostansa 		-oksiaan
-oksiansa
inessive -oksessaan
-oksessansa 		-oksissaan
-oksissansa
elative -oksestaan
-oksestansa 		-oksistaan
-oksistansa
illative -okseensa -oksiinsa
adessive -oksellaan
-oksellansa 		-oksillaan
-oksillansa
ablative -okseltaan
-okseltansa 		-oksiltaan
-oksiltansa
allative -okselleen
-oksellensa 		-oksilleen
-oksillensa
essive -oksenaan
-oksenansa 		-oksinaan
-oksinansa
translative -oksekseen
-okseksensa 		-oksikseen
-oksiksensa
abessive -oksettaan
-oksettansa 		-oksittaan
-oksittansa
instructive — —
comitative — -oksineen
-oksinensa

Derived terms

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Finnish terms suffixed with -os

Anagrams

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French

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Etymology

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Variant of -o

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /os/
  • Audio:(file)

Suffix

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-os

  1. (slang) Slang ending of nouns, adjectives and adverbs (without changing the meaning)

Derived terms

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Nouns :

Adjectives :

Adverbs :

Hungarian

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Pronunciation

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Suffix

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-os

  1. (adjective-forming suffix) Added to a noun to form an adjective meaning "having something"; sometimes referred to as ornative.
    ‎kar (“arm”) + ‎-os → ‎karos (“something with an arm”), for example karosszék (“armchair, a chair with an arm”)
  2. (noun-forming suffix) Added to a noun to form a noun, for example an occupation or a collective noun.
    ‎asztal (“table”) + ‎-os → ‎asztalos (“carpenter”)
    ‎akác (“acacia”) + ‎-os → ‎akácos (“acacia grove”)
  3. (number-forming suffix) Added to an ordinal number to form a digit or figure, cf. the relevant template.
    ‎hat (“six”) + ‎-os → ‎hatos (“the digit or figure six”)
  4. (frequentative suffix) Added to a verb to form a new verb expressing repetitive action. No longer productive in this sense.
    ‎fut (“to run”) + ‎-os → ‎futos (“to run back and forth”) (dated, modern version futkos)

Usage notes

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  • (all senses) Variants:
    -s is added to words ending in a vowel. Final -a changes to -á-. Final -e changes to -é-.
    -os is added to some back-vowel words ending in a consonant
    -as is added to other back-vowel words ending in a consonant
    -es is added to unrounded (and some rounded) front-vowel words ending in a consonant
    -ös is added to most rounded front-vowel words ending in a consonant

Derived terms

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Hungarian adjectives suffixed with -os
Hungarian nouns suffixed with -os
Hungarian verbs suffixed with -os

Descendants

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  • → Pannonian Rusyn: -ош (-oš)

See also

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Ido

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Etymology

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Borrowed from Esperanto -os, back-formation from -as.

Suffix

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-os

  1. desinence of the future tense in verbs

See also

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Ingrian

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Etymology 1

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From Proto-Finnic *-os. Cognates include Finnish -os.

Pronunciation

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Suffix

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-os (front vowel variant -ös)

  1. Forms nouns denoting the result of the action of a verb.
    ‎pettää (“to betray”) + ‎-os → ‎petos (“betrayal”)
    ‎kirjuttaa (“to write”) + ‎-os → ‎kirjutos (“writing”)
Declension
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Declension of -os (type 2/petos, no gradation)
singular plural
nominative -os -okset
genitive -oksen -oksiin
partitive -osta, -ost -oksia
illative -oksee -oksii
inessive -oksees -oksiis
elative -oksest -oksist
allative -okselle -oksille
adessive -okseel -oksiil
ablative -okselt -oksilt
translative -okseks -oksiks
essive -oksenna, -okseen -oksinna, -oksiin
exessive1) -oksent -oksint
1) obsolete
*) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl)
**) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive.
Derived terms
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Ingrian terms suffixed with -os

Etymology 2

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See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Pronunciation

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Suffix

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-os

  1. inessive singular of -o

Etymology 3

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See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Pronunciation

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Suffix

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-os

  1. inessive singular of -o

References

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  • V. I. Junus (1936) Iƶoran Keelen Grammatikka‎[1], Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 56

Latin

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Pronunciation

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Suffix

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-ōs

  1. accusative masculine plural of -us

Middle English

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Suffix

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-os

  1. Alternative form of -ous

Old French

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Suffix

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-os

  1. Alternative form of -us

Portuguese

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Suffix

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-os m

  1. plural of -o

Romanian

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Etymology

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Inherited from Latin -ōsus (“full (of)”).

Pronunciation

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Suffix

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-os m or n (feminine singular -oasă, masculine plural -oși, feminine and neuter plural -oase)

  1. Forms adjectives; -ous

Declension

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singular plural
masculine neuter feminine masculine neuter feminine
nominative/
accusative 		indefinite -os -oasă -oși -oase
definite -osul -oasa -oșii -oasele
genitive/
dative 		indefinite -os -oase -oși -oase
definite -osului -oasei -oșilor -oaselor

Derived terms

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Romanian terms suffixed with -os
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Welsh

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Pronunciation

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Suffix

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-os

  1. diminutive suffix, usually indicating an element of endearment
    ‎plant (“children”) + ‎-os → ‎plantos (“kiddies”)
    ‎merched (“girls”) + ‎-os → ‎merchetos (“little girls”)
    ‎tai (“houses”) + ‎-os → ‎teios (“small houses”)
  2. area characterised by a particular plant
    ‎bedw (“birch”) + ‎-os → ‎bedwos (“birch grove, place where birch grow”)
    ‎grug (“heather”) + ‎-os → ‎grugos (“heath”)
    ‎brwyn (“rushes”) + ‎-os → ‎brwynos (“brwynos”)

Usage notes

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-os can only be added to plural or collective nouns.

Derived terms

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Welsh terms suffixed with -os

References

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R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “-os”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies

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