-as

See also: Appendix:Variations of "as"

Albanian

Etymology

Variant of -at, seen in toponyms such as Qesarat, Kastrat, Dukat, Progonat, Bushat. The [-t] and [-s] are both from similar Proto-Albanian *tāi and Proto-Albanian *tjā. An Illyrian derivation.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /as/

Suffix

-as m (-as m)

1. used to form toponyms. -ian

Cornish

Etymology

Perhaps from Proto-Celtic *-os.

Pronunciation

• (Revived Middle Cornish) IPA^(key): /-as/

Suffix

-as m (plural -asow)

1. Forms masculine nouns denoting capacity; -ful

   ‎hanaf (“cup”) + ‎-as → ‎hanafas (“cupful”)

   ‎dorn (“fist, hand”) + ‎-as → ‎dornas (“fistful, handful”)

2. Forms masculine nouns denoting the result of an action

   ‎gwia (“to weave”) + ‎-as → ‎gwias (“web”)

   ‎boks (“box; blow”) + ‎-as → ‎boksas (“flurry of blows, fisticuffs”)

   ‎mynn- (“root of mynnes, to want”) + ‎-as → ‎mynnas (“wish, purpose, intent”)

Derived terms

Cornish terms suffixed with -as

References

• 2020, An Gerlyver Meur, ed. Dr Ken George (3rd edition, pp. 77, 99)

Esperanto

Etymology

The Esperanto suffixes -as, -is, -os, -us are related, and appear to have been inspired by previous language projects:

This play of vowels is not an original idea of Zamenhof's: -as, -is, -os are found for the three tenses of the infinitive in Faiguet's system of 1765; -a, -i, -o without a consonant are used like Z's -as, -is, -os by Rudelle (1858); Courtonne in 1885 had -am, -im, -om in the same values, and the similarity with Esperanto is here even more perfect than in the other projects, as -um corresponds to Z's -us. —An International Language (1928)

The vowel of -as is likely cognate with the Latin present, as in amat (“s/he loves”), and the corresponding present infinitive amāre, permitting the natural (for a European) -ant ending. i could come from past tense in Latin ami, amisti.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [as]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: as

Suffix

-as

1. ending of the present tense in verbs.

Finnish

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *-as, a variant of *-s (adjective-forming suffix), from Proto-Finno-Ugric *-s.

Suffix

-as (front vowel harmony variant -äs, linguistic notation -As)

1. Forms some adjectives.
2. Forms some nouns.

Declension

Inflection of -as (Kotus type 41/vieras, no gradation)
nominative		-as	-aat
genitive		-aan	-aiden -aitten
partitive		-asta	-aita
illative		-aaseen	-aisiin
		singular	plural
nominative		-as	-aat
accusative	nom.	-as	-aat
	gen.	-aan
genitive		-aan	-aiden -aitten -asten rare
partitive		-asta	-aita
inessive		-aassa	-aissa
elative		-aasta	-aista
illative		-aaseen	-aisiin -aihin rare
adessive		-aalla	-ailla
ablative		-aalta	-ailta
allative		-aalle	-aille
essive		-aana	-aina
translative		-aaksi	-aiksi
abessive		-aatta	-aitta
instructive		—	-ain
comitative		See the possessive forms below.

Possessive forms of -as (Kotus type 41/vieras, no gradation)

first-person singular possessor singular plural nominative -aani -aani accusative nom. -aani -aani gen. -aani genitive -aani -aideni -aitteni -asteni rare partitive -astani -aitani inessive -aassani -aissani elative -aastani -aistani illative -aaseeni -aisiini -aihini rare adessive -aallani -aillani ablative -aaltani -ailtani allative -aalleni -ailleni essive -aanani -ainani translative -aakseni -aikseni abessive -aattani -aittani instructive — — comitative — -aineni second-person singular possessor singular plural nominative -aasi -aasi accusative nom. -aasi -aasi gen. -aasi genitive -aasi -aidesi -aittesi -astesi rare partitive -astasi -aitasi inessive -aassasi -aissasi elative -aastasi -aistasi illative -aaseesi -aisiisi -aihisi rare adessive -aallasi -aillasi ablative -aaltasi -ailtasi allative -aallesi -aillesi essive -aanasi -ainasi translative -aaksesi -aiksesi abessive -aattasi -aittasi instructive — — comitative — -ainesi first-person plural possessor singular plural nominative -aamme -aamme accusative nom. -aamme -aamme gen. -aamme genitive -aamme -aidemme -aittemme -astemme rare partitive -astamme -aitamme inessive -aassamme -aissamme elative -aastamme -aistamme illative -aaseemme -aisiimme -aihimme rare adessive -aallamme -aillamme ablative -aaltamme -ailtamme allative -aallemme -aillemme essive -aanamme -ainamme translative -aaksemme -aiksemme abessive -aattamme -aittamme instructive — — comitative — -ainemme second-person plural possessor singular plural nominative -aanne -aanne accusative nom. -aanne -aanne gen. -aanne genitive -aanne -aidenne -aittenne -astenne rare partitive -astanne -aitanne inessive -aassanne -aissanne elative -aastanne -aistanne illative -aaseenne -aisiinne -aihinne rare adessive -aallanne -aillanne ablative -aaltanne -ailtanne allative -aallenne -aillenne essive -aananne -ainanne translative -aaksenne -aiksenne abessive -aattanne -aittanne instructive — — comitative — -ainenne third-person possessor singular plural nominative -aansa -aansa accusative nom. -aansa -aansa gen. -aansa genitive -aansa -aidensa -aittensa -astensa rare partitive -astaan -astansa -aitaan -aitansa inessive -aassaan -aassansa -aissaan -aissansa elative -aastaan -aastansa -aistaan -aistansa illative -aaseensa -aisiinsa -aihinsa rare adessive -aallaan -aallansa -aillaan -aillansa ablative -aaltaan -aaltansa -ailtaan -ailtansa allative -aalleen -aallensa -ailleen -aillensa essive -aanaan -aanansa -ainaan -ainansa translative -aakseen -aaksensa -aikseen -aiksensa abessive -aattaan -aattansa -aittaan -aittansa instructive — — comitative — -aineen -ainensa

Note that gradation may apply.

Derived terms

Finnish terms suffixed with -as

Anagrams

• sa

Hungarian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ɒʃ]
• Rhymes: -ɒʃ

Suffix

-as

2. (adjective-forming suffix) Added to a noun to form an adjective meaning "having something, a quality"; sometimes referred to as ornative.

   ‎haj (“hair”) + ‎-as → ‎hajas (“covered with hair”)

4. (noun-forming suffix) Added to a noun to form an occupation or a collective noun.

   ‎fazék (“pot”) + ‎-as → ‎fazekas (“potter”)

6. (number-forming suffix) Added to an ordinal number to form a digit or figure, cf. the relevant template.

   ‎három (“three”) + ‎-as → ‎hármas (“the digit or figure 3”)

Usage notes

• (all senses) Variants:

  -s is added to words ending in a vowel. Final -a changes to -á-. Final -e changes to -é-.

  -os is added to some back-vowel words ending in a consonant

  -as is added to other back-vowel words ending in a consonant

  -es is added to unrounded (and some rounded) front-vowel words ending in a consonant

  -ös is added to most rounded front-vowel words ending in a consonant

Derived terms

Hungarian adjectives suffixed with -as

Hungarian nouns suffixed with -as

See also

• Appendix:Hungarian suffixes

Ido

Etymology

Borrowed from Esperanto -as, Latin -ās, French -es, Spanish -as.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /as/

Suffix

-as

1. desinence of the present tense in verbs

See also

• -is
• -os
• -ar
• -ir
• -or

Irish

Alternative forms

• -eas (after palatal consonants)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /əsˠ/

Etymology 1

From Old Irish -as, from Proto-Celtic *-assus, from Proto-Indo-European *-ad-tus.

Suffix

-as m

1. Nominal suffix, used to form abstract ideas or nouns

   Synonym: -achas

Declension

Declension of -as (first declension)

bare forms case singular plural nominative -as -ais vocative a -ais a -asa genitive -ais -as dative -as -ais forms with the definite article case singular plural nominative an -as na -ais genitive an -ais na -as dative leis an -as don -as leis na -ais

Derived terms

Irish terms suffixed with -as

Etymology 2

Suffix

-as

1. Relative ending of first conjugation verbs in the present tense
2. Synthetic first person singular ending of first conjugation verbs in the past tense

Latin

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /aːs/, [äːs̠]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /as/, [äs]

Etymology 1

By syncope, from the earlier form -ātis.

Suffix

-ās

1. Used to form gentilic adjectives with the meaning "of/from" a country or place.

Usage notes

In an exception to the usual Latin stress rule, Latin words ending in this suffix were generally stressed on the final syllable of their nominative singular forms in -ās because of the aforementioned syncope.

Declension

Third-declension one-termination adjective.

	singular			plural
	masc./fem.	neuter		masc./fem.	neuter
nominative	-ās			-ātēs	-ātia
genitive	-ātis			-ātium -ātum
dative	-ātī			-ātibus
accusative	-ātem	-ās		-ātēs	-ātia
ablative	-āte -ātī			-ātibus
vocative	-ās			-ātēs	-ātia

Derived terms

Latin terms suffixed with -as

Etymology 2

A declined form of -us (suffix forming adjectives).

Suffix

-ās

1. accusative feminine plural of -us

Etymology 3

From Proto-Italic *-ās, from Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yési.

Suffix

-ās

1. second-person singular present active indicative of -ō (first conjugation)

Descendants

• Catalan: -es
• French: -es
• Old Galician-Portuguese: -as
  • Galician: -as
  • Portuguese: -as
• Spanish: -as

Etymology 4

A declined form of -a (suffix forming masculine agent nouns).

Suffix

-ās m

1. accusative plural of -a

Descendants

• Catalan: -es
• French: -es
• Italian: -e
• Galician: -as
• Portuguese: -as
• Portuguese: -e
• Spanish: -as

Lithuanian

Suffix

-as m

1. nominal suffix (ending) of the first declension of the nouns.
2. nominal suffix (ending) which indicates a demonym.

   ‎Rusija (“Russia”) + ‎-as → ‎rusas (“Russian (person)”)

Derived terms

Lithuanian terms suffixed with -as

Middle English

Etymology 1

Suffix

-as

1. Alternative form of -yssh

References

• “-ish, suf.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 16 June 2018.

Etymology 2

Suffix

-as

1. Alternative form of -esse

References

• “-esse, suf.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 24 June 2018.

Northern Sami

Etymology

From Proto-Samic *-ës. Cognate of Finnish -e, Estonian -e.

Pronunciation

• (Kautokeino) IPA^(key): /ˈ-as/

Suffix

-as

1. Forms nouns from verbs, indicating something used for performing the verb.

   ‎vuoidat (“to smear”) + ‎-as → ‎vuoiddas (“ointment”)

Usage notes

• This suffix triggers the weak grade on a preceding stressed syllable in the nominative singular and essive, and the strong grade in the other forms.

Inflection

Odd, no gradation
Nominative	-as
Genitive	-asa
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	-as	-asat
Accusative	-asa	-asiid
Genitive	-asa	-asiid
Illative	-asii	-asiidda
Locative	-asis	-asiin
Comitative	-asiin	-asiiguin
Essive	-asin
Possessive forms Singular Dual Plural 1st person -asan -aseamẹ -aseamẹt 2nd person -asat -aseattẹ -aseattẹt 3rd person -asis -aseaskkạ -aseasẹt

Derived terms

Northern Sami terms suffixed with -as

Old English

Etymology

Perhaps from the Proto-Germanic accusative plural ending *-anz, with regularly lost -n- before a fricative, or perhaps from the nominative plural *-ōs, a voiceless variety of the regular ending *-ōz, or a merger of both. Akin to Saterland Frisian -s, West Frisian -s, Old Saxon -os (Low German -s), Dutch -s, Swedish -ar.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɑs/

Suffix

-as

1. Plural ending of nominative and accusative cases, originally of a-stem masculine nouns, later extended to other nouns.

   ‎hund (“dog”) + ‎-as → ‎hundas (“dogs”)

   ‎wulf (“wolf”) + ‎-as → ‎wulfas (“wolves”)

Descendants

• Middle English: -æs, -es, -s
  • English: -es, -s (see there for further descendants)
  • Scots: -is, -es, -s

Old Galician-Portuguese

Etymology

Inherited from Latin -ās.

Suffix

-as

1. a suffix indicating the second-person singular present indicative of a verb in -ar

   ‎amar (“to love”) + ‎-as → ‎amas (“[you] love”)

   ‎cantar (“to sing”) + ‎-as → ‎cantas (“[you] sing”)

Descendants

• Galician: -as
• Portuguese: -as

Old Irish

Alternative forms

• -es (after palatal consonants)
• -us

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *-assus, from Proto-Indo-European *-ad-tus.

Suffix

-as m

1. Nominal suffix, used to form abstract ideas or nouns

   ‎óclach (“young man”) + ‎-as → ‎óclachas (“youth”)

   ‎muinter (“family”) + ‎-as → ‎muinteras (“familiarity”)

Derived terms

Old Irish terms suffixed with -as

Descendants

• Irish: -as
• Manx: -ys
• Scottish Gaelic: -as

References

• Thurneysen, Rudolf (1940) D. A. Binchy and Osborn Bergin, transl., A Grammar of Old Irish, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, →ISBN, § 261; reprinted 2017

Polish

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /as/
• Rhymes: -as
• Syllabification: [please specify syllabification manually]
• Homophone: as

Suffix

-as m pers

1. masculine noun suffix

Declension

Declension of -as

	singular	plural
nominative	-as	-asy / -asowie
genitive	-asa	-asów
dative	-asowi	-asom
accusative	-asa	-asów
instrumental	-asem	-asami
locative	-asie	-asach
vocative	-asie	-asy / -asowie

Derived terms

Polish terms suffixed with -as

Portuguese

Etymology 1

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese -as, from Latin -ās. Compare Galician and Spanish -as.

Suffix

-as

1. a suffix indicating the second-person singular present indicative of -ar

   ‎amar (“to love”) + ‎-as → ‎amas (“[you] love”)

   ‎cantar (“to sing”) + ‎-as → ‎cantas (“[you] sing”)

See also

• -es

Etymology 2

Suffix

-as

1. a suffix indicating the second-person singular present subjunctive of -er

   ‎correr (“to run”) + ‎-as → ‎corras (“that you run”)

2. a suffix indicating the second-person singular present subjunctive of -ir

See also

• -es

Spanish

Etymology 1

From Latin -ās, the second-person singular present active indicative ending of first conjugation verbs.

Suffix

-as

1. suffix indicating the second-person singular present indicative of -ar.

Etymology 2

From Latin -eās, Latin -ās, and Latin -iās, the second-person singular present active subjunctive endings of second, third, and fourth conjugation verbs, respectively.

Suffix

-as

1. suffix indicating the second-person singular present subjunctive of -er verbs and -ir verbs

See also

• -es

Swedish

Suffix

-as

1. Alternative form of -s (“adverbial suffix”)

Derived terms

• i höstas
• i julas
• i påskas
• i somras
• i vintras
• i våras

 

References

• påsk in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)

Anagrams

• sa

Welsh

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /as/

Etymology 1

Suffix

-as f

1. Forms abstract nouns.

   ‎teyrn (“monarch, king”) + ‎-as → ‎teyrnas (“kingdom”)

   ‎bardd (“poet”) + ‎-as → ‎barddas (“poetry”)

   ‎urdd (“order, guild”) + ‎-as → ‎urddas (“honour, dignity”)

Etymology 2

Cognate with Cornish -as.

Suffix

-as

1. (South Wales) (colloquial) verb suffix for the third-person singular preterite

   Synonyms: -odd, -ws

Derived terms

Welsh terms suffixed with -as

References

R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “-as”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies