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-osus

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: osus and ošus

Latin

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Alternative forms

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  • -ossus (older form)
  • -ōnsus (found in formōnsus, possibly the result of hypercorrection)

Etymology

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    Likely reflects a derivation *-h₃d-s-o- from Proto-Indo-European *h₃édos ~ *h₃édesos (smell),[1][2] whence odor. Originally meaning smelling like, as evidenced possibly by hircōsus (smelling like a goat) and vinōsus (fond of wine, *reeking of wine?), it would have later generalised into full of. Compare related Ancient Greek -ώδης (-ṓdēs, smelling like; full of) and Old Armenian -ոտ (-ot) which underwent the same semantic change.

    Alternatively, a derivation from Proto-Indo-European *-wénts has also been proposed, through a form such as *-wont-to- by suffixiation of *-tós.[3]

    Pronunciation

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    Suffix

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    -ōsus (feminine -ōsa, neuter -ōsum); first/second-declension suffix

    1. -ose, -ous; full of, overly, prone to. Used to form adjectives from nouns.
      nervus (sinew, energy) + ‎-ōsus → ‎nervōsus (nervous)
      racēmus (cluster, bunch) + ‎-ōsus → ‎racēmōsus (racemose)
      ventus (wind) + ‎-ōsus → ‎ventōsus (windy)

    Declension

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    First/second-declension adjective.

    singular plural
    masculine feminine neuter masculine feminine neuter
    nominative -ōsus -ōsa -ōsum -ōsī -ōsae -ōsa
    genitive -ōsī -ōsae -ōsī -ōsōrum -ōsārum -ōsōrum
    dative -ōsō -ōsae -ōsō -ōsīs
    accusative -ōsum -ōsam -ōsum -ōsōs -ōsās -ōsa
    ablative -ōsō -ōsā -ōsō -ōsīs
    vocative -ōse -ōsa -ōsum -ōsī -ōsae -ōsa

    Derived terms

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    Descendants

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    References

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    1. ^ Niedermann, Max (1899) Studien zur Geschichte der lateinischen Wortbildung [Studies on the history of Latin word formation], →DOI, page 246
    2. ^ Weiss, Michael L. (2009) Outline of the Historical and Comparative Grammar of Latin[1], Ann Arbor: Beech Stave Press, →ISBN, § 23, page 296
    3. ^ Haudry, Jean (1979) L'indo-européen, page 58