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首

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
首 U+9996, 首
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9996
← 馕
[U+9995] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 馗 →
[U+9997]
⾸ U+2FB8, ⾸
KANGXI RADICAL HEAD
← ⾷
[U+2FB7] 		Kangxi Radicals ⾹ →
[U+2FB9]

Translingual

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Stroke order
9 strokes
Stroke order

Han character

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See images of
Radical 185 首

首 (Kangxi radical 185, 首+0, 9 strokes, cangjie input 廿竹月山 (THBU), four-corner 80601, composition ⿱丷𦣻 or ⿱䒑自)

  1. Kangxi radical #185, ⾸.

Derived characters

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Further reading

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1427, character 32
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 44489
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1953, character 27
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4500, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+9996

Chinese

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simp. and trad.
 首
alternative forms 𩠐
𦣻

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 首
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (首) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
道 *l'uːʔ
導 *duːs
首 *hljuʔ, *hljus

Simplified from 𩠐 (巛 → 丷). Originally pictographic (象形) of an animal with a long mouth and horns. In the oracle bone script, it appeared with or without hair (巛), but 𩠐, the form with hair, was the form that was perpetuated.

Etymology

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From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *k-lu; cognate with Mizo lu (“head”). This word has also been compared with Proto-Austronesian *quluh (“head”) (Malay hulu) and Proto-Tai *klawꟲ ~ krawꟲ (“head; hair knot”) (Thai เกล้า (glâao, “hair; head”)), and was used by Sagart to support his Sino-Austronesian hypothesis. Compare 道 (OC *l'uːʔ, “path, road”) (with the same phonetic component) and its relationship with Proto-Hmong-Mien *kləuX (“road, way”).

This word was replaced by 頭 (OC *doː, “head”) by the Warring States period, possibly due to early homophony with 手 (OC *hnjɯwʔ, “hand”).

Pronunciation 1

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Note:
  • siú - literary;
  • chhiú - vernacular.
Rime
Character 首
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 書 (26)
Final (韻) 尤 (136)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 書九切
Baxter syuwX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ɕɨuX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ɕiuX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ɕiəuX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ɕuwX/
Li
Rong 		/ɕiuX/
Wang
Li 		/ɕĭəuX/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/ɕi̯ə̯uX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		shǒu
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		sau2
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 首
Reading # 1/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		shǒu
Middle
Chinese 		‹ syuwX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*l̥uʔ/
English head

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 首
Reading # 1/2
No. 11671
Phonetic
component 		首
Rime
group 		幽
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		首
Old
Chinese 		/*hljuʔ/

Definitions

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首

  1. (archaic, anatomy) head
    Synonym: 頭 / 头
  2. chief; leader
  3. start; beginning
  4. first; best; highest
  5. prime; prior; primary
  6. side; direction
  7. Classifier for songs and poems. ⇒ all nouns using this classifier
Synonyms
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Dialectal synonyms of 首 (“(classifier for songs)”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 首, 支
Northeastern Mandarin Taiwan 首
Singapore 首
Southwestern Mandarin Guilin 首
Cantonese Guangzhou 支, 隻
Hong Kong 首, 隻, 支
Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) 隻, 支
Macau 支
Guangzhou (Panyu) 隻
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 隻
Guangzhou (Conghua) 隻
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 支
Foshan 支
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 隻
Foshan (Shunde) 支
Foshan (Sanshui) 支
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 支
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 支
Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) 支
Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) 支
Zhuhai (Doumen) 支
Jiangmen (Baisha) 支
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 支
Taishan 條
Kaiping (Chikan) 條
Enping (Niujiang) 條
Heshan (Yayao) 隻
Dongguan 支
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 支
Hakka Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) 支
Dongguan (Qingxi) 條
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 隻
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 條
Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) 隻
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 條
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 條
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 條
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 條
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 條
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 條
Southern Min Jinjiang 塊
Tainan 條, 首
Singapore (Hokkien) 條
Manila (Hokkien) 塊
Shantou 條
Shantou (Chenghai) 條
Jieyang 條
Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) 首, 條
Wu Shanghai 隻
Xiang Changsha 隻
Dialectal synonyms of 頭 (“head”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 首, 元, 頭, 元首
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 頭, 頭部, 頭顱, 頭腦
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 頭, 腦袋, 腦袋瓜兒, 腦袋瓜子, 腦殼兒, 腦殼, 腦瓜兒, 腦瓜子, 老屋子
Taiwan 頭, 腦袋
Chengde 頭, 腦袋瓜兒
Ulanhot 腦袋, 腦袋瓜兒
Tongliao 腦袋
Chifeng 頭, 腦袋, 腦袋瓜子
Hulunbuir (Hailar) 頭, 腦袋, 腦袋瓜兒
Heihe 頭, 腦袋, 腦袋瓜兒, 腦瓜兒, 腦瓜子
Qiqihar 頭, 腦袋瓜兒, 腦瓜兒
Harbin 頭, 腦殼兒, 腦殼子, 腦子, 腦瓜兒, 腦瓜子, 腦袋, 腦袋瓜兒, 腦袋瓜子
Jiamusi 頭, 腦瓜兒, 腦袋, 腦袋瓜子
Baicheng 頭, 腦瓜兒, 腦袋, 腦袋瓜兒
Changchun 頭, 腦袋, 腦袋瓜子
Tonghua 頭, 腦袋, 腦袋瓜子
Shenyang 頭, 腦袋, 腦袋瓜子
Jinzhou 頭, 腦袋, 腦袋瓜兒
Singapore 頭
Olginsky (Mikhaylovka) 腦袋
Jilu Mandarin Tianjin 頭, 腦袋, 腦瓜子, 腦瓜兒, 腦袋瓜子, 腦袋瓜兒
Tangshan 頭, 腦袋, 腦袋瓜兒, 腦瓜兒
Cangzhou 頭, 腦袋, 腦袋瓜兒, 腦殼兒
Baoding 頭, 腦袋, 腦袋瓜兒
Shijiazhuang 頭, 腦袋
Lijin 頭, 腦袋, 腦袋瓜兒
Jinan 頭, 腦袋, 腦袋瓜子, 腦瓜子, 腦瓜兒
Jiaoliao Mandarin Dalian 頭
Dandong 頭, 腦袋, 腦袋瓜兒
Yantai 頭
Yantai (Muping) 頭, 腦袋瓜子 derogatory
Qingdao 頭, 腦袋, 腦袋瓜兒
Zhucheng 頭
Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 頭, 低腦
Lingbao 頭
Jining 頭
Wanrong 得腦
Linfen 得腦
Shangqiu 頭, 腦袋, 腦袋瓜兒, 腦瓜兒
Yuanyang 頭, 腦袋, 腦瓜兒
Zhengzhou 頭, 腦袋
Kaifeng 腦袋
Xinyang 頭
Baihe 頭, 腦袋, 腦瓜兒
Xi'an 𦠿, 頭, 腦袋, 脊囊
Baoji 頭, 多腦
Tianshui 頭, 多腦
Xining 頭, 腦袋, 朵落
Xuzhou 頭, 腦袋, 腦袋瓜子, 棗木 dated, humorous
Fuyang 頭, 腦袋
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 頭
Bayanhot 頭, 腦袋
Lanzhou 頭, 頭蛋骨, 得勒 derogatory
Dunhuang 頭, 腦瓜子, 腦勺, 腦勺殼子
Hami 頭, 腦袋
Ürümqi 頭, 腦瓜子
Ürümqi (Xigou) 頭
Ürümqi (Changshanzi) 頭
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 腦殼
Nanchong 頭, 腦袋, 腦袋瓜子
Dazhou 腦殼
Hanyuan 腦殼
Xichang 腦殼, 腦袋, 腦袋瓜兒
Zigong 頭, 腦殼
Chongqing 腦殼, 沙罐兒
Wuhan 頭, 腦殼, 腦瓜子
Yichang 腦袋, 腦袋瓜子
Xiangyang 頭, 腦袋, 腦殼
Tianmen 頭, 腦袋, 腦殼
Guiyang 腦殼
Zunyi 腦袋, 腦殼兒
Bijie 腦殼
Liping 腦袋, 腦殼
Zhaotong 腦殼
Dali 腦殼
Kunming 頭, 腦殼, 腦袋
Mengzi 頭, 腦殼
Guilin 頭, 腦殼
Liuzhou 頭, 頭殼, 腦殼
Tianlin (Langping) 腦殼
Jishou 頭, 腦殼
Changde 腦殼
Hanzhong 頭, 腦袋, 腦殼
Mae Salong (Lancang) 頭, 腦袋
Mae Sai (Tengchong) 頭, 腦袋
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 頭, 頭兒
Yangzhou 頭
Lianyungang 頭
Lianshui 頭, 腦袋瓜子
Xinghua 頭
Nantong 頭
Anqing 頭, 腦袋瓜
Wuhu 頭
Hefei 頭
Hong'an 頭, 腦殼, 腦袋
Cantonese Guangzhou 頭, 頭殼
Hong Kong 頭, 頭殼
Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) 頭殼
Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) 頭殼
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 頭
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 頭
Macau 頭
Guangzhou (Panyu) 頭, 頭殼
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 頭
Guangzhou (Conghua) 頭
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 頭, 頭殼
Foshan 頭, 頭殼
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 頭
Foshan (Shunde) 頭
Foshan (Sanshui) 頭殼
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 頭
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 頭
Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) 頭
Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) 頭
Zhuhai (Doumen) 頭, 頭殼
Jiangmen (Baisha) 頭
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 頭
Taishan 頭
Kaiping (Chikan) 頭
Enping (Niujiang) 頭
Heshan (Yayao) 頭
Dongguan 腦殼, 頭
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 頭殼
Shenzhen (Dapeng) 頭
Qingyuan 頭
Fogang 頭
Yingde (Hanguang) 頭殼
Yangshan 頭
Lianshan (Butian) 頭
Lianzhou (Qingshui; Sihui) 頭
Shaoguan 頭, 頭殼
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 頭
Renhua 頭乸殼
Lechang 頭
Zhaoqing (Gaoyao) 頭
Sihui 頭
Guangning 頭
Deqing 頭
Huaiji 頭, 羅殼
Fengkai (Nanfeng) 頭
Yunfu 頭, 頭殼
Xinxing 頭, 頭殼
Luoding 頭
Yunan (Pingtai) 頭
Yangjiang 頭殼
Xinyi 頭, 頭殼
Maoming (Xinpo) 頭, 頭殼
Lianjiang 頭, 頭殼
Wuchuan (Wuyang) 頭
Nanning 頭, 頭殼
Wuzhou 頭
Yulin 頭, 頭殼
Hepu (Lianzhou) 頭殼
Hepu (Shatian) 頭骨
Guiping 頭
Mengshan (Xihe) 頭
Guigang (Nanjiang) 頭
Baise 頭
Bobai 頭
Lingshan 頭
Pubei 頭
Qinzhou 頭
Beihai 頭
Beihai (Nankang) 頭殼
Beihai (Yingpan) 頭殼
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) 頭
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) 頭
Ningming 頭
Hengzhou 頭
Hezhou (Pumen, Babu) 頭
Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) 頭
Sanya (Yanglan; Maihua) 頭
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 頭
Singapore (Guangfu) 頭
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 頭
Móng Cái 頭
Gan Nanchang 頭, 腦蓋
Lichuan 頭, 腦
Pingxiang 腦殼
Hakka Meixian 頭那
Xingning 頭那
Dabu (Xihe) 頭那
Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) 頭, 頭那, 頭殼
Huizhou (Shuikou; Bendihua) 頭那, 頭
Huizhou (Hengli; Bendihua) 頭那, 頭
Huiyang 頭那
Huidong (Pingshan; Bendihua) 頭那, 頭
Huidong (Daling) 頭那
Dongguan (Qingxi) 頭那
Longmen (Pingling; Bendihua) 頭那
Longmen (Luxi; Bendihua) 頭那, 頭
Boluo (Bendihua) 頭, 那殼
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 頭那
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 頭
Wuhua (Shuizhai) 頭那
Wuhua (Huacheng) 頭那, 頭
Wuhua (Changbu) 頭那
Wuhua (Mianyang) 頭那
Wuhua (Meilin) 頭那
Heyuan (Bendihua) 頭, 頭那
Zijin (Guzhu; Bendihua) 頭那
Longchuan (Tuocheng; Bendihua) 頭, 頭那
Longchuan (Sidu; Bendihua) 頭那
Heping (Linzhai; Bendihua) 頭那
Lianping (Zhongxin; Bendihua) 頭那
Lianping (Longjie; Bendihua) 頭, 頭那
Wengyuan 頭那
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 頭那
Xinfeng (Matou; Bendihua) 頭, 頭那
Xinfeng (Daxi; Bendihua) 頭那, 頭
Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) 頭那
Liannan 頭
Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) 頭
Jiexi 頭那
Luhe 頭那
Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) 頭那
Changting 頭那
Wuping 頭那
Wuping (Yanqian) 頭那
Wuping (Pingyu) 頭那
Liancheng 頭那
Ninghua 腦殼
Yudu 頭, 腦蓋, 腦殼
Ningdu 腦蓋
Ruijin 腦蓋, 頭那殼
Shicheng 腦蓋, 腦殼
Shangyou (Shexi) 腦蓋
Tonggu (Sandu) 頭那
Ganzhou (Panlong) 腦蓋
Dayu 腦骨窠
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 頭那
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 頭那
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 頭那
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 頭那
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 頭那
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 頭那
Hong Kong 頭那
Yangxi (Tangkou) 頭
Yangchun (Sanjia) 頭殼
Xinyi (Sihe) 頭
Xinyi (Qianpai) 頭
Gaozhou (Xindong) 頭, 頭殼
Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai) 頭殼
Huazhou (Xin'an) 頭殼
Lianjiang (Shijiao) 頭殼
Lianjiang (Qingping) 頭殼
Mengshan (Xihe) 頭腦
Luchuan 頭殼
Luchuan (Daqiao) 頭
Bobai (Shahe) 頭, 頭殼
Beiliu (Tang'an) 頭那
Mashan (Pianlian) 頭那
Sabah (Longchuan) 頭那
Kuala Lumpur (Dabu) 頭那
Senai (Huiyang) 頭那
Sungai Tapang, Batu Kawa (Hepo) 頭
Singkawang 頭那
Singapore (Meixian) 頭那
Singapore (Dabu) 頭那
Huizhou Jixi 頭, 腦殼
Shexian 頭, 頭腦殼
Jin Taiyuan 得腦, 頭, 腦袋, 乾骷髏 derogatory, 骷髏 derogatory
Pingyao 得腦
Yangyuan 頭, 腦袋, 腦袋瓜兒, 腦瓜兒
Datong 頭, 腦袋
Xinzhou 得腦, 頭, 腦袋
Lüliang (Lishi) 腦袋, 腦袋瓜兒, 腦
Changzhi 頭, 腦袋, 得腦
Taibus (Baochang) 頭
Linhe 頭, 腦袋, 得腦
Jining 頭, 腦袋
Hohhot 頭, 腦袋, 得腦
Baotou 腦袋
Dongsheng 頭
Haibowan 腦袋
Erenhot 頭, 腦袋, 腦袋瓜子
Pingshan 頭, 腦袋瓜兒
Zhangjiakou 頭, 腦袋
Handan 頭, 腦袋, 腦袋瓜子
Linzhou 頭, 得腦哦
Suide 頭, 腦
Northern Min Jian'ou 頭
Jian'ou (Dikou) 頭
Songxi 頭
Zhenghe (Zhenqian) 頭
Jianyang 頭
Wuyishan 腦殼
Pucheng (Shibei) 頭
Eastern Min Fuzhou 頭, 頭腦, 頭首
Lianjiang 頭
Fuqing 頭
Gutian 頭
Pingnan 頭
Fu'an 頭
Ningde 頭子
Xiapu 頭
Shouning 頭
Zhouning 頭
Fuding 頭
Matsu 頭, 頭首
Southern Min Xiamen 頭, 頭殼
Xiamen (Tong'an) 頭殼
Quanzhou 頭, 頭殼
Jinjiang 頭殼
Hui'an 頭殼
Anxi 頭殼
Yongchun 頭殼
Dehua 頭殼
Zhangzhou 頭, 頭殼
Zhangzhou (Longhai) 頭殼
Hua'an 頭殼
Pinghe 頭殼
Zhangpu 頭殼
Yunxiao 頭碗
Zhao'an 頭殼
Dongshan 頭
Taipei 頭, 頭殼
Taipei (Wanhua) 頭殼
New Taipei (Sanxia) 頭, 頭殼
Kaohsiung 頭, 頭殼
Yilan 頭, 頭殼
Changhua (Lukang) 頭, 頭殼
Taichung 頭殼
Taichung (Wuqi) 頭殼
Tainan 頭, 頭殼
Taitung 頭殼
Hsinchu 頭殼
Kinmen 頭殼
Penghu (Magong) 頭殼
Penang (Hokkien) 頭, 頭殼
Singapore (Hokkien) 頭, 頭殼
Manila (Hokkien) 頭, 頭殼
Longyan 頭殼
Datian 頭殼
Pingnan (Shangdu) 頭
Chaozhou 頭殼
Shantou 頭殼, 頭, 腦殼
Shantou (Chenghai) 頭殼
Shantou (Chaoyang) 頭, 頭殼
Jieyang 頭, 頭殼
Lufeng 頭殼
Haifeng 頭, 頭殼, 頭殼顱
Bangkok (Teochew) 頭
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 頭
Singapore (Teochew) 頭
Batam (Teochew) 頭
Leizhou 頭, 頭顱, 殼升
Wenchang 頭
Haikou 頭顱, 頭殼
Qionghai 頭, 頭顱
Puxian Min Putian 頭, 頭末
Putian (Donghai, Chengxiang) 頭
Putian (Jiangkou, Hanjiang) 頭末
Putian (Nanri, Xiuyu) 頭
Xianyou 頭
Xianyou (Fengting) 頭
Xianyou (Youyang) 頭, 頭囝
Fuding (Aoyao) 頭殼
Central Min Yong'an 頭殼, 頭
Sanming (Sanyuan) 頭殼
Sanming (Shaxian) 頭殼
Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) 頭殼
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 頭, 頭殼
Nanning (Xinxu) 頭
Northern Pinghua Guilin (Dahe) 頭
Wu Shanghai 頭, 腦袋, 頭骷顱, 骷顱頭 often derogatory, 骷郎頭 often derogatory
Shanghai (Chongming) 頭爿
Suzhou 頭, 骷郎頭, 六斤四兩
Danyang 頭, 腦袋瓜, 頭骷郎
Hangzhou 頭, 腦頭瓜
Ningbo 骷顱頭, 骷郎頭, 頭, 骷顱頭甏 derogatory, 骷顱頭瓶 derogatory, 六斤四兩 humorous
Wenzhou 頭, 六斤四 secret
Jinhua 頭, 葫粒頭 humorous
Xiang Changsha 腦殼
Xiangxiang 腦殼
Loudi 腦殼
Shuangfeng 腦殼
Hengyang 腦殼
Quanzhou 腦殼
Xiangnan Tuhua Jiangyong 腦牯

Pronunciation 2

[edit]
Rime
Character 首
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 書 (26)
Final (韻) 尤 (136)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 舒救切
Baxter syuwH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ɕɨuH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ɕiuH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ɕiəuH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ɕuwH/
Li
Rong 		/ɕiuH/
Wang
Li 		/ɕĭəuH/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/ɕi̯ə̯uH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		shòu
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		sau3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 首
Reading # 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		shǒu
Middle
Chinese 		‹ syuwH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*l̥uʔ-s/
English turn the head towards

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 首
Reading # 2/2
No. 11672
Phonetic
component 		首
Rime
group 		幽
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		狩
Old
Chinese 		/*hljus/

Definitions

[edit]

首

  1. † to report someone to the authorities; to plead guilty
    自首  ―  zìshǒu  ―  to turn oneself in; to give up; to surrender
  2. † to face (a direction)

Compounds

[edit]

References

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Japanese

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Kanji

[edit]
首

(Second grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. neck
  2. counter for songs and poems
  3. leader, chief, head
  4. beginning, first

Readings

[edit]

Compounds

[edit]
Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ja

Etymology 1

[edit]
Kanji in this term
首
くび
Grade: 2
kun'yomi
Alternative spellings
頸
頚

From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *kunpi.

Pronunciation

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

首(くび) • (kubi) 

  1. neck (part of the body connecting head and torso)
  2. the neck and head as a whole
    Synonym: (as a trophy) 首級 (shukyū)
    首(くび)無(な)し
    kubinashi
    headless
    首(くび)を刎(は)ねる
    kubiohaneru
    to behead
  3. dismissal from employment
Derived terms
[edit]
Derived terms

Etymology 2

[edit]
Kanji in this term
首
おびと
Grade: 2
kun'yomi

From Old Japanese. First cited to the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE.[2]

Shift from Old Japanese 大人 (opobito, “boss, chief”, literally “big person”).[2][3]

/opobito/ → /obito/

Pronunciation

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

首(おびと) • (obito) 

  1. (archaic) one who rules or commands a group of people: a chief

See also

[edit]

Etymology 3

[edit]
Kanji in this term
首
こうべ
Grade: 2
kun'yomi

From Old Japanese. First cited to the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE.[2]

Analyzed as a shift from earlier kamipe, as a compound of either 上 (kami, “upper”) or 髪 (kami, “hair”) with the suffix 方 (he, “location”).[2][3]

/kamipe/ → /kampe/ → /kaube/ → /kɔːbe/ → /koːbe/

Noun

[edit]

首(こうべ) • (kōbe) ←かうべ (kaube)?

  1. Alternative spelling of 頭 (“head”) (part of the body)
    • 2021 September 10, Eve (lyrics and music), “遊生夢死 [Live Playing, Die Dreaming]”:
      遊(ゆう)生(せい)夢(ぼう)死(し)
      才能ない脳内 唱えよシスターズ
      首(こうべ)を垂れることしかないの
      Yūsei bōshi
      Sainō nai nōnai tonaeyo shisutāzu
      Kōbe o tareru koto shika nai no
      Live playing, die dreaming
      Chant inside my talentless brain, sisters
      All I can do is bow down

Etymology 4

[edit]
Kanji in this term
首
しゅ
Grade: 2
goon

From Middle Chinese 首 (MC syuwX|syuwH).

Pronunciation

[edit]

Counter

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首(しゅ) • (-shu) 

  1. poems and songs

Noun

[edit]

首(しゅ) • (shu) 

  1. (rare) the first one; a lord

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN

Korean

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

From Middle Chinese 首 (MC syuwX). Recorded as Middle Korean 슈〮 (syú) (Yale: syu) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

[edit]
Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

首 (eumhun 머리 수 (meori su))

  1. hanja form? of 수 (“head”)

Compounds

[edit]
Compounds

References

[edit]
  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

Vietnamese

[edit]

Han character

[edit]

首: Hán Nôm readings: thủ, thú, siều

  1. chữ Hán form of thủ (“head”).
  2. chữ Hán form of thú (“confess”).

Compounds

[edit]
thủ
thú
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