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衝

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 冲 and 沖
衝 U+885D, 衝
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-885D
← 衜
[U+885C] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 衞 →
[U+885E]

Translingual

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Han character

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衝 (Kangxi radical 144, 行+9, 15 strokes, cangjie input 竹人竹土弓 (HOHGN), four-corner 21104, composition ⿴行重 or ⿲彳重亍)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1110, character 3
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 34069
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1574, character 10
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 843, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+885D

Chinese

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trad. 衝
simp. 冲*
alternative forms 𧘂

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 衝
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (重) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
撞 *rdoːŋ, *rdoːŋs
幢 *rdoːŋ, *rdoːŋs
橦 *rdoːŋ, *doːŋ, *tjoŋ
噇 *rdoːŋ
𩪘 *rdoːŋ
艟 *rdoːŋs, *tʰjoŋ
憧 *rdoːŋs, *tʰjoŋ
畽 *tʰoːnʔ, *tʰuːnʔ
董 *toːŋʔ
蕫 *toːŋʔ, *doːŋ
箽 *toːŋʔ
懂 *toːŋʔ
湩 *toːŋs, *tuːŋʔ, *toŋs
曈 *tʰoːŋ, *tʰoːŋʔ, *doːŋ
童 *doːŋ
僮 *doːŋ
瞳 *doːŋ
罿 *doːŋ, *tʰjoŋ
犝 *doːŋ
潼 *doːŋ, *tʰjoŋ
穜 *doːŋ, *doŋ
動 *doːŋʔ
慟 *doːŋs
堹 *toŋs
諥 *toŋs
蹱 *tʰoŋ, *tʰoŋs, *tjoŋ
重 *doŋ, *doŋʔ, *doŋs
緟 *doŋ, *doŋs
蝩 *doŋ
褈 *doŋ, *tʰjoŋ
鐘 *tjoŋ, *tjoŋ
鍾 *tjoŋ
籦 *tjoŋ
種 *tjoŋʔ, *tjoŋs
腫 *tjoŋʔ
踵 *tjoŋʔ
歱 *tjoŋʔ
喠 *tjoŋʔ, *tʰjoŋʔ
偅 *tjoŋs
衝 *tʰjoŋ
揰 *tʰjoŋs
尰 *djoŋʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *tʰjoŋ) : semantic 行 + phonetic 重 (OC *doŋ, *doŋʔ, *doŋs).

Pronunciation 1

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Note:
  • chhiong - literary;
  • cheng - vernacular.
Rime
Character 衝
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 昌 (24)
Final (韻) 鍾 (7)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 尺容切
Baxter tsyhowng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/t͡ɕʰɨoŋ/
Pan
Wuyun 		/t͡ɕʰioŋ/
Shao
Rongfen 		/t͡ɕʰioŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/cʰuawŋ/
Li
Rong 		/t͡ɕʰioŋ/
Wang
Li 		/t͡ɕʰĭwoŋ/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/t͡ɕʰi̯woŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		chōng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		cung1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 衝
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		chōng
Middle
Chinese 		‹ tsyhowng ›
Old
Chinese 		/*tʰoŋ/
English rush against

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 衝
Reading # 1/1
No. 17478
Phonetic
component 		重
Rime
group 		東
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		𧘂
Old
Chinese 		/*tʰjoŋ/
Notes 說文中從童通作此

Definitions

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衝

  1. to go straight ahead; to rush; to charge; to dash
    荷槍實彈的士兵穿過林區衝了上來。 [MSC, trad.]
    荷枪实弹的士兵穿过林区冲了上来。 [MSC, simp.]
    Hèqiāngshídàn de shìbīng chuānguò línqū chōng le shànglái. [Pinyin]
    Soldiers came charging through the forest, guns at the ready.
    當門被再次猛地推開時，她衝了出去。 [MSC, trad.]
    当门被再次猛地推开时，她冲了出去。 [MSC, simp.]
    Dāng mén bèi zàicì měng de tuī kāi shí, tā chōng le chūqù. [Pinyin]
    She burst out as the door was flung open again.
    一個漂亮的小女孩從樓梯上衝下來。 [MSC, trad.]
    一个漂亮的小女孩从楼梯上冲下来。 [MSC, simp.]
    Yī ge piàoliang de xiǎonǚhái cóng lóutī shàng chōng xiàlái. [Pinyin]
    A pretty young girl came hurtling down the stairs.
  2. to clash; to collide
    衝撞／冲撞  ―  chōngzhuàng  ―  to collide
    衝突／冲突  ―  chōngtū  ―  conflict
  3. thoroughfare; important place
    要衝／要冲  ―  yàochōng  ―  road hub; major crossroad

Synonyms

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  • (to collide):
Dialectal synonyms of 撞 (“to collide”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 撞
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 撞
Taiwan 撞
Malaysia 撞
Singapore 撞
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 碰, 撞
Central Plains Mandarin Xi'an 撞
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 撞
Wuhan 闖, 撞
Jianghuai Mandarin Yangzhou 撞
Hefei 撞, 鏨
Cantonese Guangzhou 撞
Hong Kong 撞
Yangjiang 揰, 撞
Singapore (Guangfu) 撞
Gan Nanchang 鄧, 撞
Hakka Meixian 撞
Jin Taiyuan 撞, 碰
Northern Min Jian'ou 摏
Eastern Min Fuzhou 㨂, 碰
Southern Min Xiamen 衝, 挵
Quanzhou 衝, 挵
Zhangzhou 衝, 挵
Tainan 衝, 挵
Penang (Hokkien) 挵
Singapore (Hokkien) 挵
Manila (Hokkien) 衝, 挵
Chaozhou 撞
Singapore (Teochew) 撞, 挵
Wu Suzhou 撞
Wenzhou 撞
Xiang Changsha 撞, 摜
Shuangfeng 撞

Compounds

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Descendants

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  • → Vietnamese: xông

Pronunciation 2

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trad. 衝
simp. 冲*
alternative forms 凌 Hokkien
Note:
  • chhiòng - literary;
  • chhèng - vernacular;
  • chhiāng - ("to encounter").

Definitions

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衝

  1. to face
  2. to punch; to stamp
    衝壓／冲压  ―  chòngyā  ―  to stamp, to press (sheet metal)
    字母衝／字母冲  ―  zìmǔchòng  ―  letter punch
  3. powerful; vigorous
  4. pungent; (of smell) strong
  5. towards; at; to
    她很難相信這個問題是衝她來的。 [MSC, trad.]
    她很难相信这个问题是冲她来的。 [MSC, simp.]
    Tā hěn nán xiāngxìn zhè ge wèntí shì chòng tā lái de. [Pinyin]
    She could hardly believe the question was directed towards her.
    他衝服務員招了招手，服務員就急忙跑到桌邊。 [MSC, trad.]
    他冲服务员招了招手，服务员就急忙跑到桌边。 [MSC, simp.]
    Tā chòng fúwùyuán zhāo le zhāoshǒu, fúwùyuán jiù jímáng pǎo dào zhuō biān. [Pinyin]
    He waved at the waiter, who rushed to the table.
  6. in view of
  7. (Hokkien) to rise; to go up; to soar; to ascend
  8. (Hokkien, of smoke or water) to discharge; to gush; to burst out; to spout
  9. (Xiamen and Quanzhou Hokkien) to scent; to odorize; to infuse with the scent of another
  10. (Hokkien) domineering; arrogant
  11. (Xiamen and Quanzhou Hokkien) to collide; to impact; to run into; to hit
  12. (Hokkien) to bump into; to encounter; to meet accidentally
  13. (Hokkien, cooking) to simmer
  14. (Zhangzhou Hokkien) to generate; to yield; to produce (a certain result)

Synonyms

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  • (to encounter):
Dialectal synonyms of 遇 (“to encounter”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 遇, 碰, 遭
Northeastern Mandarin Taiwan 遇, 碰
Malaysia 遇, 碰
Singapore 遇, 碰
Cantonese Guangzhou 遇, 撞
Hong Kong 遇, 撞
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 遇, 撞
Singapore (Guangfu) 遇
Hakka Meixian 遇, 撞
Southern Min Xiamen 拄, 撞, 衝, 磅
Quanzhou 拄, 撞, 衝
Zhangzhou 拄, 衝
Tainan 拄, 撞, 磅
Penang (Hokkien) 拄
Singapore (Hokkien) 拄
Manila (Hokkien) 拄, 遇
Chaozhou 遇, 堵
Shantou 遇
Jieyang 遇, 堵
Singapore (Teochew) 堵
Wu Shanghai 碰

Compounds

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Japanese

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Kanji

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衝

(Jōyō kanji)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

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  • Go-on: しゅ (shu)←しゆ (syu, historical)
  • Kan-on: しょう (shō, Jōyō)←しよう (syou, historical)
  • Kun: つく (tsuku, 衝く)

Noun

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衝(しょう) • (shō) 

  1. (astronomy) opposition

Korean

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Etymology

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From Middle Chinese 衝 (MC tsyhowng).

Historical readings

Pronunciation

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Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

衝 (eumhun 찌를 충 (jjireul chung))

  1. hanja form? of 충 (“to collide”)

Compounds

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Compounds

References

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  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]

Vietnamese

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Han character

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衝: Hán Nôm readings: xung, giong, tông, xong, xông, xúng

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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