朝臣

Chinese

		royal/imperial court; dynasty	statesman; vassal; courtier statesman; vassal; courtier; minister; official
simp. and trad. (朝臣)		朝	臣

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): cháochén

  (Zhuyin): ㄔㄠˊ ㄔㄣˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): ciu⁴ san⁴
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): tiâu-sîn

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: cháochén
    • Zhuyin: ㄔㄠˊ ㄔㄣˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: cháochén
    • Wade–Giles: chʻao²-chʻên²
    • Yale: cháu-chén
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chaurchern
    • Palladius: чаочэнь (čaočɛnʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰɑʊ̯³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰən³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: ciu⁴ san⁴
    • Yale: chìuh sàhn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tsiu⁴ san⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: qiu⁴ sen⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰiːu̯²¹ sɐn²¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tiâu-sîn
    • Tâi-lô: tiâu-sîn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: diausiin
    • IPA (Xiamen): /tiau²⁴⁻²² sin²⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /tiau²⁴⁻²² sin²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /tiau¹³⁻²² sin¹³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /tiau²⁴⁻¹¹ sin²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /tiau²³⁻³³ sin²³/

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• Middle Chinese: drjew dzyin

Rime
Character	朝	臣
Reading #	2/2	1/1
Initial (聲)	澄 (11)	常 (25)
Final (韻)	宵 (92)	眞 (43)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	直遙切	植鄰切
Baxter	drjew	dzyin
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɖˠiᴇu/	/d͡ʑiɪn/
Pan Wuyun	/ɖᵚiɛu/	/d͡ʑin/
Shao Rongfen	/ȡiæu/	/d͡ʑjen/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɖiaw/	/d͡ʑin/
Li Rong	/ȡjɛu/	/ʑiĕn/
Wang Li	/ȡĭɛu/	/ʑĭĕn/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ȡʱi̯ɛu/	/ʑi̯ĕn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	cháo	chén
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ciu4	san4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*m-t<r>aw  [ɡ]i[ŋ]/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ʔr'ew  ɡiŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	朝	臣
Reading #	1/2	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	cháo	chén
Middle Chinese	‹ drjew ›	‹ dzyin ›
Old Chinese	/*m-t<r>aw/	/*[ɡ]i[ŋ]/
English	(morning) audience at court	slave, subject
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	朝	臣
Reading #	1/2	1/1
No.	1307	1342
Phonetic component	朝	臣
Rime group	宵	眞
Rime subdivision	2	2
Corresponding MC rime	朝	辰
Old Chinese	/*ʔr'ew/	/*ɡiŋ/
Notes	甲文作日月同在草中表清晨， 非舟聲	甲文臧象以戈刺目爲奴， 省戈表不刺者則爲臣， 專指役使於家內者

Noun

朝臣

1. courtier (attendant at a royal court); minister

   • 如此者，非朝臣少也，眾不為用也。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     如此者，非朝臣少也，众不为用也。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Guanzi, 5^th century BCE to 220 CE

     Rúcǐ zhě, fēi cháochén shào yě, zhòng bù wèi yòng yě. [Pinyin]

     [When] matters are such, it is not that the courtiers are few; rather, they are many but of no use.

   • 慟哭關山月，傷心^鴨水風。朝臣今日後，尙可更西東？ [Korean Literary Sinitic, trad.]

     From: 《龍灣書事》, by King Seonjo of Korea, 1592

     Tonggok gwansan wol, sangsim Ap su pung. Josin geumil hu, sang ga gaeng seo dong? [Sino-Korean]

     Wailing at the moon by the mountains and passes, grieving by the winds of the Yalu—ministers, after today, can you still dispute over "West" and "East"?

Synonyms

• 廷臣 (tíngchén)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (朝臣):

• → Japanese: 朝臣(ちょうしん) (chōshin)
• → Korean: 조신(朝臣) (josin)
• → Vietnamese: triều thần (朝臣)

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
朝	臣
あさ > あそ Grade: 2	おみ > ん Grade: 4
kun'yomi

⟨aso₂mi₁⟩ → */asəmʲɨ/ → */asomʉ/ → /asoɴ/

Shift from asomi below, Old Japanese aso₂mi₁.

The alternative readings are later-period shifts of the ason spelling.

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) あそん [áꜜsòǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [a̠sõ̞ɴ]

Noun

朝(あそ)臣(ん) or 朝臣(あそう) or 朝臣(あっそん) • (ason or asō or asson) 

1. (historical) the second-highest of the 八色の姓 (Yakusa no Kabane, “eight hereditary titles promulgated by Emperor Tenmu”) [from 675 CE]
2. (historical) a title given to powerful courtiers and members of the imperial family up to the fourth rank [since the Heian period]

Derived terms

• 隆(たか)信(のぶ)朝臣(あそん)集(しゅう) (Takanobu Ason-shū)
• 名(な)朝臣(あそん) (na ason), 名(な)の朝臣(あそん) (na no ason)
• 名(な)乗(の)り朝臣(あそん) (nanori ason)

Pronoun

朝(あそ)臣(ん) • (ason) 

1. (archaic) second-person pronoun used as a form of mutual respect among courtiers, equivalent to あなた (anata) or 君 (kimi)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
朝	臣
あさ > あそ Grade: 2	おみ > み Grade: 4
kun'yomi

⟨asa omi₁⟩ → ⟨aso₂mi₁⟩ → */asəmʲɨ/ → /asomi/

From Old Japanese.

Orthographic borrowing from Middle Chinese 朝臣 (MC drjew dzyin), equivalent to 朝 (asa, kun-reading of chō, “court”) +‎ 臣 (omi, “attendant, retainer”).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) あそみ [áꜜsòmì] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [a̠so̞mʲi]

Noun

朝(あそ)臣(み) • (asomi) 

1. (historical) the second-highest of the 八色の姓 (Yakusa no Kabane, “eight hereditary titles promulgated by Emperor Tenmu”) [from 675 CE]
2. (historical) a title given to powerful courtiers and members of the imperial family up to the fourth rank [since the Heian period]

Coordinate terms

• 八色(やくさ)の姓(かばね) (Yakusa no Kabane): 真(ま)人(ひと) (mahito), 朝臣(あそみ) (asomi), 宿(すく)禰(ね) (sukune), 忌寸(いみき) (imiki), 道(みちの)師(し) (michinoshi), 臣(おみ) (omi), 連(むらじ) (muraji), 稲置(いなぎ) (inagi)

Derived terms

• 名(みょう)字(じ)朝臣(あそみ) (myōji asomi)

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
朝	臣
ちょう Grade: 2	しん Grade: 4
kan'on

/teu ɕin/ → /t͡seuɕin/ → /t͡ɕoːɕin/

From Middle Chinese 朝臣 (MC drjew dzyin).

Compare modern Mandarin 朝臣 (cháochén).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) ちょーしん [chòóshíń] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [t͡ɕo̞ːɕĩɴ]

Noun

朝(ちょう)臣(しん) • (chōshin) ^{←てうしん (teusin)?}

1. a courtier (attendant at a royal court)

   Synonym: 廷臣 (teishin)

See also

• 朝(ちょう)廷(てい) (chōtei)

Old Japanese

Etymology 1

⟨asa omi₁⟩ → ⟨aso₂mi₁⟩

Orthographic borrowing from Middle Chinese 朝臣 (MC drjew dzyin), equivalent to 朝 (asa, kun-reading of teu, “court”) +‎ 臣 (omi₁, “attendant, retainer”).

Noun

朝臣 (aso₂mi₁) (kana あそみ)

1. (historical) the second-highest of the 八色の姓 (Yakusa no Kabane, “eight hereditary titles promulgated by Emperor Tenmu”)

Descendants

• Japanese: 朝臣 (あそみ, asomi, あそん, ason)

Etymology 2

Short-form of aso₂mi₁ above.

Noun

朝臣 (aso₂) (kana あそ)

1. (historical) the second-highest of the 八色の姓 (Yakusa no Kabane, “eight hereditary titles promulgated by Emperor Tenmu”)
   • 711–712, Kojiki, poem 71:

     多麻岐波流宇知能阿曾那許曾波余能那賀比登蘇良美都夜麻登能久迩爾加里古牟登岐久夜

     tama ki₁paru uti no₂ aso₂ na ko₂so₂ pa yo₂ no₂ nagapi₁to₂ so₁ra mi₁tu Yamato₂-no₂-kuni ni kari ko₁mu to₂ ki₁ku ya

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Derived terms

• 内の朝臣 (uti no₂ aso₂, “minister of the interior”)