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U+55AE, 單
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-55AE

[U+55AD]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+55AF]

Translingual

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Traditional
Shinjitai
Simplified

Han character

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(Kangxi radical 30, +9, 12 strokes, cangjie input 口口田十 (RRWJ), four-corner 66506, composition or )

Derived characters

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Descendants

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 200, character 25
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3993
  • Dae Jaweon: page 422, character 9
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 654, character 6
  • Unihan data for U+55AE

Chinese

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trad.
simp.
alternative forms

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts

Pictogram (象形) of a war or hunting weapon, a, Y-shaped wooden stick with two stones attached on top. The component in the middle in some oracle bones was a huge point wich represented a rope around the stick; perhaps, this weapon was used as a spear and then retrieved through this rope. Otherwise, the huge point in the middle was another stone attached to the stick. The huge point was then stylized as an horizontal trait, as 口 (the stick resembled 中) and eventually as 田. The horizontal stroke at the bottom of the character was added later.

An alternative theory suggests that it represents a net to catch animals with two weights on top, but the huge point in the middle of the character in some oracle bones may not be a web or net.

Etymology 1

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From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(d/t)a(n/j) (single; one; whole; only). Cognate with (OC *daːn, *daːnʔ, *daːns, “only; but”).

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • dua1/duaⁿ1 - vernacular;
  • dang1 - literary.
Note:
  • toaⁿ - vernacular;
  • tan - literary.

  • Dialectal data
Variety Location
Mandarin Beijing /tan⁵⁵/
Harbin /tan⁴⁴/
Tianjin /tan²¹/
Jinan /tã²¹³/
Qingdao /tã²¹³/
Zhengzhou /tan²⁴/
Xi'an /tã²¹/
Xining /tã⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /tan⁴⁴/
Lanzhou /tɛ̃n³¹/
Ürümqi /tan⁴⁴/
Wuhan /tan⁵⁵/
Chengdu /tan⁵⁵/
Guiyang /t͡san⁵⁵/
/san²¹³/
Kunming /tã̠⁴⁴/
Nanjing /taŋ³¹/
Hefei /tæ̃²¹/
Jin Taiyuan /tæ̃¹¹/
Pingyao /tɑŋ¹³/
Hohhot /tæ̃³¹/
Wu Shanghai /te⁵³/
Suzhou /te̞⁵⁵/
Hangzhou /tẽ̞³³/
Wenzhou /ta³³/
Hui Shexian /tɛ³¹/
Tunxi /tɔ¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /tan³³/
Xiangtan /tan³³/
Gan Nanchang /tan⁴²/
Hakka Meixian /tan⁴⁴/
Taoyuan /tɑn²⁴/
Cantonese Guangzhou /tan⁵³/
Nanning /tan⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /tan⁵⁵/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /tan⁵⁵/
/tuã⁵⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /taŋ⁴⁴/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /tuiŋ⁵⁴/
/tuiŋ²¹/
Shantou (Teochew) /tuã³³/
Haikou (Hainanese) /ʔdaŋ²³/
/ʔdua²³/

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/4
Initial () (5)
Final () (61)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () I
Fanqie
Baxter tan
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/tɑn/
Pan
Wuyun
/tɑn/
Shao
Rongfen
/tɑn/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/tan/
Li
Rong
/tɑn/
Wang
Li
/tɑn/
Bernhard
Karlgren
/tɑn/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
dān
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
daan1
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
dān
Middle
Chinese
‹ tan ›
Old
Chinese
/*Cə.tˁar/
English single, simple

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/4
No. 1995
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*taːn/

Definitions

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  1. single; individual; solitary
  2. thin; narrow; faint
  3. simple; uncomplicated
  4. (of clothes) unlined
  5. (mathematics) Short for 單數单数 (dānshù, “odd”).
  6. (linguistics) Short for 單數单数 (dānshù, “singular”).
  7. cover; bed sheet
  8. list; register; catalogue
  9. only; merely; simply
  10. and; plus
  11. bill (Classifier: c)
    [Cantonese]  ―  maai4 daan1 [Jyutping]  ―  to pay a bill
  12. (Cantonese) receipt (Classifier: c)
  13. (Cantonese) transaction; order (Classifier: c)
  14. Classifier for cases, deals and businesses.
  15. (Cantonese, derogatory) Classifier for people.
  16. a surname
Synonyms
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  • (ticket): (piào), (quàn); (Cantonese) (fēi)
  • (receipt):

Compounds

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See also

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Etymology 2

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Pronunciation

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Rime
Character
Reading # 2/4
Initial () (25)
Final () (77)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () III
Fanqie
Baxter dzyen
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/d͡ʑiᴇn/
Pan
Wuyun
/d͡ʑiɛn/
Shao
Rongfen
/d͡ʑjæn/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/d͡ʑian/
Li
Rong
/ʑiɛn/
Wang
Li
/ʑĭɛn/
Bernhard
Karlgren
/ʑi̯ɛn/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
chán
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
sin4
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
chán
Middle
Chinese
‹ dzyen ›
Old
Chinese
/*dar/ (< *[d]ar)
English 單于 chányú: Xiōngnú ruler (W. Hàn)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 2/4
No. 2027
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*djan/

Definitions

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  1. to surround
  2. Used in 單于 (chányú).
  3. Used in 單閼单阏.

Compounds

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Etymology 3

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Pronunciation

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Rime
Character
Reading # 3/4 4/4
Initial () (25) (25)
Final () (77) (77)
Tone (調) Rising (X) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division () III III
Fanqie
Baxter dzyenX dzyenH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/d͡ʑiᴇnX/ /d͡ʑiᴇnH/
Pan
Wuyun
/d͡ʑiɛnX/ /d͡ʑiɛnH/
Shao
Rongfen
/d͡ʑjænX/ /d͡ʑjænH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/d͡ʑianX/ /d͡ʑianH/
Li
Rong
/ʑiɛnX/ /ʑiɛnH/
Wang
Li
/ʑĭɛnX/ /ʑĭɛnH/
Bernhard
Karlgren
/ʑi̯ɛnX/ /ʑi̯ɛnH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
shàn shàn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
sin6 sin6
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 3/4 4/4
No. 2035 2037
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
1 1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*djanʔ/ /*djans/

Definitions

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  1. () Shan County (a county of Shandong)
  2. a surname: Shan, Sin, Sinn
    [Cantonese]  ―  sin6 laap6 man4 [Jyutping]  ―  Pal Sinn
      ―  Shàn Yīchún  ―  Shan Yichun

Etymology 4

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Pronunciation

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Definitions

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  1. Alternative form of  /
  2. Alternative form of  / 𦈎

Etymology 5

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For pronunciation and definitions of – see (“sincere, truthful ; etc.”).
(This character is a variant form of ).

Etymology 6

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For pronunciation and definitions of – see (“to fear”).
(This character is a variant form of ).

Etymology 7

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Pronunciation

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Definitions

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  1. Alternative form of  / (zhàn)
  2. Used in 單至单至.

Etymology 8

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Pronunciation

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Definitions

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  1. (rare) a surname

References

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  • 莆田市政协文化文史和学习委员会 [Culture, History and Learning Committee of Putian CPPCC], editor (2021), “”, in 莆仙方言大词典 [Comprehensive Dictionary of Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 168.
  • 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 25.
  • 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 205.

Japanese

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Shinjitai

Kyūjitai

Kanji

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(Jinmeiyō kanjikyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form )

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

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  • Go-on: たん (tan)ぜん (zen)
  • Kan-on: たん (tan)せん (sen)
  • Kun: ひとえ (hitoe, )ひとへ (fitofe, , historical)

Korean

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Etymology 1

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Hanja

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(eumhun (hol dan))

  1. hanja form? of (single; individual; solitary)

Compounds

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Etymology 2

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Hanja

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(eumhun 오랑캐 이름 (orangkae ireum seon))

  1. hanja form? of (a barbarian)

Compounds

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Vietnamese

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Han character

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: Hán Nôm readings: đơn, đan, thiền, truyên

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

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