歹

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See also: 歺
歹 U+6B79, 歹
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6B79
← 歸
[U+6B78] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 歺 →
[U+6B7A]
⽍ U+2F4D, ⽍
KANGXI RADICAL DEATH
← ⽌
[U+2F4C] 		Kangxi Radicals ⽎ →
[U+2F4E]

歹 U+FA95, 歹
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA95
← 杖
[U+FA94] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 殺 →
[U+FA96]

Translingual

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Stroke order

Han character

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See images of
Radical 78 歹

歹 (Kangxi radical 78, 歹+0, 4 strokes, cangjie input 一弓戈 (MNI), four-corner 10207, composition ⿱一夕)

  1. Kangxi radical #78, ⽍.

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 578, character 15
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 16359
  • Dae Jaweon: page 969, character 7
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1379, character 14
  • Unihan data for U+6B79

Chinese

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Glyph origin 1

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Historical forms of the character 歹
Shang Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts

Pictogram (象形) - human remains. The top component of 餐 still preserves the intermediate variant 歺.

Etymology 1

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trad. 歹
simp. # 歹
alternative forms 歺
𣦵
𡰮

Pronunciation

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Note: The zero initial /∅-/ is commonly pronounced with a ng-initial /ŋ-/ in some varieties of Cantonese, including Hong Kong Cantonese.
Rime
Character 歹
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 疑 (31)
Final (韻) 曷 (63)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 五割切
Baxter ngat
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ŋɑt̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ŋɑt̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ŋɑt̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ŋat̚/
Li
Rong 		/ŋɑt̚/
Wang
Li 		/ŋɑt̚/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/ŋɑt̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		è
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		ngot6
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 歹
Reading # 1/1
No. 2717
Phonetic
component 		歺
Rime
group 		月
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		嶭
Old
Chinese 		/*ŋaːd/

Definitions

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歹

  1. † bone remnants

Etymology 2

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Pronunciation

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Definitions

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歹

  1. † bone remains

Glyph origin 2

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Disputed:

  • From Tibetan letter ཏ (徐復《歹字源出藏文說》)
  • Abbreviated from 殆 (楊琳《古漢語外來詞研究中存在的問題》)

Etymology 3

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trad. 歹
simp. # 歹
alternative forms 𣦶
䚟
This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.
Particularly: “From Mongolian? [1] [2]”

Pronunciation

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Definitions

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歹

  1. bad; wicked; evil
    歹意  ―  dǎiyì  ―  malicious intent
  2. misdeed; something evil
    為非作歹／为非作歹  ―  wéifēizuòdǎi  ―  to do evil

Compounds

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Etymology 4

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trad. 歹
simp. # 歹
alternative forms 否
壞／坏
痞

Unclear. It has been suggested that it could be related to 否 (pǐ, “evil”) or 痞 (pǐ, “rascal; evil”).

Pronunciation

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Definitions

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歹

  1. (Hokkien, Teochew) bad; wicked; evil
    歹勢／歹势 [Hokkien]  ―  pháiⁿ-sè [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]  ―  excuse me (lit. bad feeling)
  2. (Hokkien) to become bad; to break down
    冷氣歹去矣！ [Hokkien, trad.]
    冷气歹去矣！ [Hokkien, simp.]
    Léng-khì pháiⁿ--khì--ah! [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
    The air conditioner broke down!
  3. (Hokkien) to be fierce
    你無代無誌歹我創啥？ [Hokkien, trad.]
    你无代无志歹我创啥？ [Hokkien, simp.]
    Lí bô-tāi-bô-chì pháiⁿ góa chhòng siáⁿ? [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
    Why are you being fierce to me for no reason?
  4. (Hokkien) to cause something to be harmed or damaged
    我食歹腹肚，所以下晡著請假。 [Hokkien, trad.]
    我食歹腹肚，所以下晡著请假。 [Hokkien, simp.]
    Góa chia̍h-pháiⁿ pak-tó͘, só͘-í ē-po͘ tio̍h chhéng-ká. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
    I became sick because of bad food, so I have to take my afternoon off.
  5. (Hokkien) difficult; hard (to do something)
    落雨的時陣，這條路就變甲真歹行。 [Hokkien, trad.]
    落雨的时阵，这条路就变甲真歹行。 [Hokkien, simp.]
    Lo̍h-hō͘ ê sî-chūn, chit tiâu lō͘ tō piàn kah chin pháiⁿ kiâⁿ. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
    When it rains, the road becomes really difficult to walk on.
Synonyms
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Dialectal synonyms of 壞 (“bad; not good”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 惡
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 壞
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 壞, 賴
Taiwan 壞
Malaysia 壞
Singapore 壞
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 壞, 孬, 賴
Central Plains Mandarin Xi'an 瞎, 壞
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 壞
Wuhan 壞, 拐
Jianghuai Mandarin Yangzhou 壞
Hefei 壞
Cantonese Guangzhou 壞, 弊, 衰
Hong Kong 壞, 衰
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 衰
Yangjiang 壞
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 衰
Singapore (Guangfu) 衰
Gan Nanchang 壞
Hakka Meixian 壞
Wuhua (Meilin) 衰
Jin Taiyuan 賴, 壞
Northern Min Jian'ou 壞, 獰
Eastern Min Fuzhou 呆, 否
Southern Min Xiamen 歹, 䆀
Xiamen (Tong'an) 歹
Quanzhou 歹
Jinjiang 歹
Nan'an 歹
Shishi 歹
Zhangzhou 䆀
Zhao'an 䆀, 孬
Tainan 歹
Penang (Hokkien) 䆀, 歹
Singapore (Hokkien) 歹
Manila (Hokkien) 歹
Datian 歹
Chaozhou 孬
Shantou 孬
Jieyang 孬, 歹
Puning 孬
Singapore (Teochew) 歹, 孬
Leizhou 㾀
Wenchang 㾀
Haikou 㾀
Singapore (Hainanese) 㾀
Wu Shanghai 壞, 恘
Suzhou 壞, 恘
Ningbo 歪, 推扳, 嘸做
Wenzhou 毛
Xiang Changsha 壞, 拐
Shuangfeng 壞, 拐
Dialectal synonyms of 壞 (“rotten; spoilt”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 壞
Northeastern Mandarin Taiwan 壞
Malaysia 壞
Singapore 壞
Cantonese Hong Kong 壞
Singapore (Guangfu) 壞
Hakka Miaoli (N. Sixian) 壞
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 壞
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 壞
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 壞
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 壞
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 壞
Southern Min Taipei 歹 GT
Penang (Hokkien) 歹
Singapore (Hokkien) 歹
Wu Ningbo 壞, 嘸做
Note GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified)
Dialectal synonyms of 難 (“difficult”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 難, 困難, 艱難
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 難, 困難, 艱難
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 難
Taiwan 難
Singapore 難
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 難
Central Plains Mandarin Xi'an 難
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 難
Wuhan 難
Guilin 難
Jianghuai Mandarin Yangzhou 難
Hefei 難
Cantonese Guangzhou 難, 惡 †
Hong Kong 難, 惡 †
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 難
Taishan 難, 惡 †
Yangjiang 難, 惡 †
Singapore (Guangfu) 難
Gan Nanchang 難
Hakka Meixian 難
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 難
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 難
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 難
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 難
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 難
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 難
Jin Taiyuan 難
Northern Min Jian'ou 難
Eastern Min Fuzhou 艱難, 難
Southern Min Xiamen 惡, 艱苦, 歹 †
Quanzhou 惡
Jinjiang 難
Zhangzhou 惡
Zhao'an 惡, 䆀 †
Dongshan 惡
Taipei 惡
New Taipei (Sanxia) 惡
Kaohsiung 惡
Yilan 惡
Changhua (Lukang) 惡
Taichung 惡
Tainan 惡, 歹 †
Hsinchu 惡
Kinmen 惡
Penghu (Magong) 惡
Penang (Hokkien) 艱苦, 歹 †
Singapore (Hokkien) 惡, 艱苦, 歹 †
Manila (Hokkien) 艱苦, 惡, 歹 †
Chaozhou 惡
Shantou 難, 惡
Shantou (Chenghai) 惡
Jieyang 惡, 艱苦
Haifeng 惡
Singapore (Teochew) 惡, 歹 †
Wenchang 惡
Haikou 惡
Singapore (Hainanese) 惡
Wu Suzhou 難
Wenzhou 難
Xiang Changsha 難
Shuangfeng 難
Note † - only used with a verbal complement

Compounds

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Etymology 5

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Pronunciation

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Definitions

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歹

  1. Alternative form of 待 (“to stay”)

Etymology 6

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Pronunciation

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Definitions

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歹

  1. (used by Miao people) I, you

References

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Japanese

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Kanji

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歹

(Hyōgai kanji)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

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  • On (unclassified): がつ (gatsu)、あつ (atsu)、がち (gachi)
  • Kun: わるい (warui)、かばねへん (kabanehen)

Korean

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Hanja

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歹 • (al, dae) (hangeul 알, 대, revised al, dae, McCune–Reischauer al, tae, Yale al, tay)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

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Han character

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歹: Hán Nôm readings: ngạt, đãi, ngặt

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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