gross

See also: Gross, gròss, groß, and Groß

English

Etymology

From Middle English gross (“whole, entire; flagrant, monstrous”), from Old French gros (“big, thick, large, stout”), from Late Latin grossus (“thick in diameter, coarse”), and Medieval Latin grossus (“great, big”), influenced by Old High German grōz (“big, thick, coarse”), from Proto-Germanic *grautaz (“large, great, thick, coarse grained, unrefined”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰer- (“to rub, to stroke, to grind”).

Cognate with French grossier (“gross”). See also French dialectal grôt, groût (“large”) (Berry) and grô (“large”) (Burgundy), Catalan gros (“big”), Dutch groot (“big, large”), German groß (“large”), English great.

Pronunciation

• (UK) IPA^(key): /ɡɹəʊs/
• (US) IPA^(key): /ɡɹoʊs/

• Audio (US):

  (file)

• (Philippines, nonstandard) IPA^(key): /ɡɹɔs/
• (Scotland, dialectal) IPA^(key): /ɡɹos/
• Homophone: Gross
• Rhymes: -əʊs

Adjective

gross (comparative grosser or more gross, superlative grossest or most gross)

2. (of behaviour considered to be wrong) Highly or conspicuously offensive.

   Synonyms: serious, flagrant, shameful, appalling, egregious

   a gross mistake;  gross injustice;  gross negligence; a gross insult

   • 1595 December 9 (first known performance), William Shakespeare, “The life and death of King Richard the Second”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene 3]:

     Henry IV. My gracious uncle, let me know my fault:
     On what condition stands it and wherein?
     Edmund of Langley. Even in condition of the worst degree,
     In gross rebellion and detested treason:

   • 1682, Aphra Behn, “The City-Heiress”, in et al.‎^[1], London: D. Brown, act IV, scene 1, page 40:

     Your very faults, how gross soere, to me
     Have something pleasing in ’em.

   • 1749, Henry Fielding, chapter 10, in The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling, volume (please specify |volume=I to VI), London: A[ndrew] Millar, […], →OCLC, book 18, page 336:

     […] I thank Heaven I have had Time to reflect on my past Life, where though I cannot charge myself with any gross Villainy, yet I can discern Follies and Vices too sufficient to repent and to be ashamed of;

   • 1813 January 27, [Jane Austen], Pride and Prejudice: […], volume (please specify |volume=I to III), London: […] [George Sidney] for T[homas] Egerton, […], →OCLC:

     […] had his actions been what Wickham represented them, so gross a violation of every thing right could hardly have been concealed from the world;

   • 1908 October, Kenneth Grahame, chapter 6, in The Wind in the Willows, New York, N.Y.: Charles Scribner’s Sons, →OCLC:

     […] he has been found guilty, on the clearest evidence, first, of stealing a valuable motor-car; secondly, of driving to the public danger; and, thirdly, of gross impertinence to the rural police.

4. (of an amount) Excluding any deductions; including all associated amounts.

   Synonyms: whole, entire, overall, total, aggregate

   Antonym: net

   gross domestic product; gross income; gross weight

   • c. 1596–1599 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Second Part of Henry the Fourth, […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene i]:

     What is the gross sum that I owe thee?

   • 1878, Thomas Hardy, The Return of the Native‎^[2], Book 6, Chapter 1:

     For a man of his habits the house and the hundred and twenty pounds a year which he had inherited from his mother were enough to supply all worldly needs. Resources do not depend upon gross amounts, but upon the proportion of spendings to takings.

   • 1937, George Orwell, The Road to Wigan Pier‎^[3], Penguin, published 1962, Part 1, Chapter 3, p. 37:

     […] please notice that even these wretched earnings are gross earnings. On top of this there are all kinds of stoppages which are deducted from the miner’s wages every week.

6. (sciences, pathology) Seen without a microscope (usually for a tissue or an organ); at a large scale; not detailed.

   Synonym: macroscopic

   Antonym: microscopic

   gross anatomy

   • 1962, Rachel Carson, chapter 12, in Silent Spring‎^[4], Boston: Houghton Mifflin, page 190:

     We are accustomed to look for the gross and immediate effect and to ignore all else. Unless this appears promptly and in such obvious form that it cannot be ignored, we deny the existence of hazard.

8. (informal, Canada, US, Australia) Causing disgust.

   Synonyms: disgusting, gro, grody, grotesque, grotty, nasty, revolting, yucky

   I threw up all over the bed. It was totally gross.

   • 1978, Armistead Maupin, “Ties That Bind”, in Tales of the City‎^[5], New York: Harper & Row, published 1989, page 293:

     Mary Ann spent her lunch hour at Hastings, picking out just the right tie for Norman. The hint might not be terribly subtle, she decided, but somebody had to do something about that gross, gravy-stained clip-on number.

   • 2002, Jeffrey Eugenides, Middlesex‎^[6], New York: Picador, Book 3, p. 306:

     The next-door neighbor’s cat coughed up a hairball one day and the hair was not the cat’s. “That’s so gross!”

10. Lacking refinement in behaviour or manner; offending a standard of morality.

    Synonyms: coarse, rude, vulgar, obscene, impure

    • c. 1626 or 1629–1633 (first performance), [John Ford], ’Tis Pitty Shee’s a Whore […], London: […] Nicholas Okes for Richard Collins, […], published 1633, →OCLC, Act I:

      Pog. Forsooth my Maister said that hee loved her almost as well as hee loved parmasent, and swore [...] that shee wanted such a Nose as his was, to be as pretty a young woeman, as was any in Parma. Do. Oh grose!

    • 1777, Richard Brinsley Sheridan, The School for Scandal‎^[7], act I, scene 1:

      Verjuice. She certainly has Talents.
      Lady Sneerwell. But her manner is gross.

    • 1874, A Select Collection of Old English Plays, Dodsley et al.:

      But man to know God is a difficulty, except by a mean he himself inure, which is to know God’s creatures that be: at first them that be of the grossest nature, and then [...] them that be more pure.

    • 1918, W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter XII, in The Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC:

      All this was extraordinarily distasteful to Churchill. It was ugly, gross. Never before had he felt such repulsion when the vicar displayed his characteristic bluntness or coarseness of speech. In the present connexion—or rather as a transition from the subject that started their conversation—such talk had been distressingly out of place.

11. (of a product) Lacking refinement; not of high quality.

    Synonyms: coarse, rough, unrefined

    Antonym: fine

    • 1860, John Ruskin, chapter 10, in Modern Painters […], volume V, London: Smith, Elder and Co., […], →OCLC, , § 5:

      The flowers of Rubens are gross and rude […]

    • 1944, Emily Carr, “Lorenzo Was Registered”, in The House of All Sorts‎^[8]:

      He scorned my wholesome kennel fare, toothing out dainties and leaving the grosser portions to be finished by the other dogs.

12. (of a substance) Dense, heavy.
    • 1850, [Alfred, Lord Tennyson], In Memoriam, London: Edward Moxon, […], →OCLC, Canto XL, page 62:

      ⁠Thy spirit ere our fatal loss
      ⁠Did ever rise from high to higher;
      ⁠As mounts the heavenward altar-fire,
      As flies the lighter thro’ the gross.

13. (of a person) Heavy in proportion to one's height; having a lot of excess flesh.

    Synonyms: great, large, bulky, fat, obese

    • 1925, W. Somerset Maugham, chapter 79, in The Painted Veil, London: Heinemann, published 1934:

      Kitty noticed that her sister’s pregnancy had blunted her features and in her black dress she looked gross and blousy.

    • 2013, Hilary Mantel, “Royal Bodies”, in London Review of Books, 35.IV:

      He collected a number of injuries that stopped him jousting, and then in middle age became stout, eventually gross.

14. (now chiefly poetic) Difficult or impossible to see through.

    Synonyms: thick, heavy

    • 1594, Christopher Marlow[e], The Troublesome Raigne and Lamentable Death of Edward the Second, King of England: […], London: […] [Eliot’s Court Press] for Henry Bell, […], published 1622, →OCLC, (please specify the page):

      Couragious Lancaster, imbrace thy king,
      And as grosse vapours perish by the sunne,
      Euen so let hatred with thy soueraigne smile,

    • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Isaiah 60:2:

      For, behold, the darkness shall cover the earth, and gross darkness the people: but the Lord shall arise upon thee, and his glory shall be seen upon thee.

    • 1785, William Cowper, The Task‎^[9], London: J. Johnson, Book 3, p. 116:

      A pestilent and most corrosive steam,
      Like a gross fog Boeotian, rising fast,
      And fast condensed upon the dewy sash,
      Asks egress;

    • 1870, James Russell Lowell, The Cathedral‎^[10], Boston: Fields, Osgood, page 34:

      […] a larger life
      Upon his own impinging, with swift glimpse
      Of spacious circles luminous with mind,
      To which the ethereal substance of his own
      Seems but gross cloud to make that visible,
      Touched to a sudden glory round the edge.

15. (archaic) Not sensitive in perception or feeling.

    Synonyms: dull, witless

    • c. 1587–1588, [Christopher Marlowe], Tamburlaine the Great. […] The First Part […], 2nd edition, part 1, London: […] [R. Robinson for] Richard Iones, […], published 1592, →OCLC; reprinted as Tamburlaine the Great (A Scolar Press Facsimile), Menston, Yorkshire, London: Scolar Press, 1973, →ISBN, Act II, scene vii:

      For he is groſſe and like the maſſie earth,
      That mooues not vpwards, nor by princely deeds
      Doth meane to ſoare aboue the highest ſort.

    • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Matthew 13:15:

      For this people’s heart is waxed gross, and their ears are dull of hearing, and their eyes they have closed; lest at any time they should see with their eyes and hear with their ears, and should understand with their heart, and should be converted, and I should heal them.

    • 1634 October 9 (first performance), [John Milton], edited by H[enry] Lawes, A Maske Presented at Ludlow Castle, 1634: […] [Comus], London: […] [Augustine Matthews] for Hvmphrey Robinson, […], published 1637, →OCLC; reprinted as Comus: […] (Dodd, Mead & Company’s Facsimile Reprints of Rare Books; Literature Series; no. I), New York, N.Y.: Dodd, Mead & Company, 1903, →OCLC:

      A thousand liveried Angels lacky her [the chaste soul],
      Driving far off each thing of sin and guilt,
      And in cleer dream, and solemn vision
      Tell her of things that no gross ear can hear.

      read online

16. (obsolete) Easy to perceive.

    Synonyms: obvious, clear

    • 1599 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Life of Henry the Fift”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene ii]:

      […] though the truth of it stands off as gross
      As black and white, my eye will scarcely see it.

Synonyms

• (heavy in proportion to one's height): See also Thesaurus:obese

Derived terms

• grossen
• grossish
• grossly

Translations

conspicuously offensive

• Arabic: معيب
• Azerbaijani: kobud (az), ağır (az)
• Bulgarian: дебелашки (bg) (debelaški)
• Finnish: vakava (fi), törkeä (fi)
• German: grob (de)
• Hungarian: durva (hu), otromba (hu), súlyos (hu)
• Italian: grossolano (it), grave (it), macroscopico (it), indecente (it), imperdonabile (it)
• Plautdietsch: groff, schmutzich
• Polish: ciężki (pl), poważny (pl)
• Russian: серьёзный (ru) (serʹjóznyj), большо́й (ru) (bolʹšój), тя́жкий (ru) (tjážkij)
• Swedish: allvarlig (sv), svår (sv), grov (sv)

including all associated amounts

• Arabic: كُلِّيّ (kulliyy)
• Bulgarian: общ (bg) (obšt), брутен (bruten)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 粗 (zh) (cū), 总 (zh) (zǒng)

• Danish: brutto (da)
• Dutch: bruto (nl)
• Finnish: brutto-, kokonais-, nimellis-
• French: brut (fr)
• German: brutto (de), Brutto-
• Greek: ακαθάριστος (el) (akatháristos)
• Hungarian: bruttó (hu)
• Icelandic: brúttó
• Italian: lordo (it), complessivo (it)
• Maori: tapeke
• Polish: brutto (pl)
• Portuguese: bruto (pt) m
• Romanian: brut (ro)
• Russian: бру́тто (ru) n (brútto), валово́й (ru) (valovój)
• Slovene: brúto
• Swedish: brutto (sv)
• Turkish: gayrisafi (tr)

causing disgust

• Arabic: مُقَرَّف (ar) m (muqarraf)
• Bikol Central: makaati
• Bulgarian: противен (bg) (protiven), отвратителен (bg) (otvratitelen)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 討厭／讨厌 (zh) (tǎoyàn), 恶心 (zh)

• Dutch: walgelijk (nl)
• Finnish: inhottava (fi), iljettävä (fi), ällöttävä (fi), vastenmielinen (fi), ällö (fi)
• French: dégoûtant (fr), dégueulasse (fr)
• German: ekelhaft (de), Ekel erregend
• Hungarian: gusztustalan (hu), undorító (hu), ocsmány (hu), visszataszító (hu)
• Italian: ripugnante (it), osceno (it), volgare (it), impuro (it), grossolano (it), rozzo (it)
• Japanese: きもい (ja) (kimoi)
• Norwegian: ekkel
• Plautdietsch: groff
• Polish: obleśny (pl)
• Portuguese:

  (Brazil): nojento

• Romanian: scârbos (ro), dezgustător (ro)
• Russian: отврати́тельный (ru) (otvratítelʹnyj), омерзи́тельный (ru) (omerzítelʹnyj), га́дкий (ru) (gádkij), проти́вный (ru) (protívnyj)
• Spanish: repulsivo (es)
• Swedish: äcklig (sv)
• Tagalog: kadiri
• Turkish: iğrenç (tr)

lacking refinement in manner; offending morality

• Arabic: سَيِّء (sayyiʔ), جَارِح (jāriḥ)
• Armenian: կոպիտ (hy) (kopit)
• Bulgarian: груб (bg) (grub), циничен (bg) (ciničen), неприличен (bg) (nepriličen)
• Finnish: karkea (fi), rahvaanomainen (fi)
• French: grossier (fr) m, grossière (fr) f
• German: grob (de), unanständig (de)
• Hungarian: goromba (hu), otromba (hu), durva (hu), közönséges (hu), trágár (hu)
• Italian: osceno (it), volgare (it), rude (it), crudele (it)
• Ottoman Turkish: یوغون (yoğun)
• Polish: obleśny (pl), odstręczający
• Russian: гру́бый (ru) (grúbyj), неприли́чный (ru) (neprilíčnyj), поха́бный (ru) (poxábnyj)
• Swedish: grov (sv), obscen (sv), oanständig (sv)

having excess flesh

• Bulgarian: охранен (bg) (ohranen), тлъст (bg) (tlǎst)
• Finnish: valtava (fi), suunnaton (fi), lihava (fi)
• French: gros (fr), grosse (fr) f, gras (fr) m, grasse (fr) f
• German: dick (de)
• Hungarian: kövér (hu), hájas (hu)
• Italian: grasso (it)
• Russian: ту́чный (ru) (túčnyj)
• Swedish: tjock (sv), fet (sv)

not sensitive in perception or feeling

• Finnish: tympeä (fi), inha (fi)
• German: grob (de), unempfindlich (de)
• Russian: приту́пленный (ru) (pritúplennyj)
• Swedish: tråkig (sv), trist (sv)

Noun

gross (countable and uncountable, plural gross or grosses)

English numbers ^(edit)

	144
Germanic collective: gross

1. Twelve dozen = 144.
2. The total nominal earnings or amount, before taxes, expenses, exceptions or similar are deducted. That which remains after all deductions is called net.
3. The bulk, the mass, the masses.

Translations

twelve dozen

• Bulgarian: гроса (bg) f (grosa)
• Catalan: grossa (ca)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 簍／篓 (zh) (lǒu)

• Czech: veletucet (cs) m
• Dutch: gros (nl) n
• Finnish: krossi (fi)
• French: grosse (fr) f
• Galician: grosa f
• German: Gros (de)
• Greek: γκρόσσα (el) f (gkróssa)
• Hungarian: nagytucat (hu), grossz
• Icelandic: gross (is) n
• Irish: grósa m
• Polish: gros (pl) m
• Portuguese: grosa (pt) f
• Russian: гросс (ru) m (gross)
• Scottish Gaelic: dà dhusan dheug
• Spanish: gruesa (es) f
• Swedish: gross (sv) n
• Tagalog: gruwesa
• Thai: กุรุส (kurut)

total earnings or amount

• Bulgarian: бруто n (bruto)
• Danish: bruttopris (da) c
• Dutch: bruto (nl)
• Finnish: bruttotulo, bruttoansio, bruttomyynti, bruttomäärä
• French: brut (fr) m
• German: Brutto
• Hungarian: bruttó (hu)
• Indonesian: kotor (id), bruto (id)
• Irish: comhlán m
• Malay: kasar (ms)
• Polish: brutto (pl) n
• Portuguese: bruto (pt) m
• Spanish: bruto (es)
• Swedish: brutto (sv) n

bulk

• Finnish: suurin osa, enemmistö (fi)
• Hungarian: zöm (hu), nagyja (hu), tömeg (hu)

Verb

gross (third-person singular simple present grosses, present participle grossing, simple past and past participle grossed)

1. (transitive) To earn money, not including expenses.

   The movie grossed three million on the first weekend.

   • 2014 January 21, Hermione Hoby, “Julia Roberts interview for August: Osage County – 'I might actually go to hell for this ...': Julia Roberts reveals why her violent, Oscar-nominated performance in August: Osage County made her feel 'like a terrible person' [print version: 'I might actually go to hell for this ...' (18 January 2014, p. R4)]”, in The Daily Telegraph (Review)‎^[11]:

     The film grossed $464 million worldwide, ensconcing her in the Hollywood A-list.

Derived terms

• adjusted gross income
• great gross
• gross adventure
• gross anatomy
• gross domestic product
• grossen
• grossification
• gross income
• gross indecency
• grossly
• gross margin
• gross motor skill
• gross national happiness
• gross national product
• gross negligence
• grossness
• gross out
• gross pay
• gross profit
• gross receipts
• gross register ton
• gross sales
• gross time
• gross up
• gross vehicle weight rating
• gross weight
• half gross
• highest-grossing
• in gross
• long gross
• outgross
• outside gross area
• overgross
• short gross
• small gross

 

Related terms

• engross
• grocer, grocery, groceries

Anagrams

• Sgros, Sorgs

German

Adjective

gross (strong nominative masculine singular grosser, comparative grösser, superlative am grössten)

1. Switzerland and Liechtenstein standard spelling of groß

Declension

Positive forms of gross

number & gender		singular			plural
		masculine	feminine	neuter
predicative		er ist gross	sie ist gross	es ist gross	sie sind gross
strong declension (without article)	nominative	grosser	grosse	grosses	grosse
	genitive	grossen	grosser	grossen	grosser
	dative	grossem	grosser	grossem	grossen
	accusative	grossen	grosse	grosses	grosse
weak declension (with definite article)	nominative	der grosse	die grosse	das grosse	die grossen
	genitive	des grossen	der grossen	des grossen	der grossen
	dative	dem grossen	der grossen	dem grossen	den grossen
	accusative	den grossen	die grosse	das grosse	die grossen
mixed declension (with indefinite article)	nominative	ein grosser	eine grosse	ein grosses	(keine) grossen
	genitive	eines grossen	einer grossen	eines grossen	(keiner) grossen
	dative	einem grossen	einer grossen	einem grossen	(keinen) grossen
	accusative	einen grossen	eine grosse	ein grosses	(keine) grossen

Comparative forms of gross

number & gender		singular			plural
		masculine	feminine	neuter
predicative		er ist grösser	sie ist grösser	es ist grösser	sie sind grösser
strong declension (without article)	nominative	grösserer	grössere	grösseres	grössere
	genitive	grösseren	grösserer	grösseren	grösserer
	dative	grösserem	grösserer	grösserem	grösseren
	accusative	grösseren	grössere	grösseres	grössere
weak declension (with definite article)	nominative	der grössere	die grössere	das grössere	die grösseren
	genitive	des grösseren	der grösseren	des grösseren	der grösseren
	dative	dem grösseren	der grösseren	dem grösseren	den grösseren
	accusative	den grösseren	die grössere	das grössere	die grösseren
mixed declension (with indefinite article)	nominative	ein grösserer	eine grössere	ein grösseres	(keine) grösseren
	genitive	eines grösseren	einer grösseren	eines grösseren	(keiner) grösseren
	dative	einem grösseren	einer grösseren	einem grösseren	(keinen) grösseren
	accusative	einen grösseren	eine grössere	ein grösseres	(keine) grösseren

Superlative forms of gross

number & gender		singular			plural
		masculine	feminine	neuter
predicative		er ist am grössten	sie ist am grössten	es ist am grössten	sie sind am grössten
strong declension (without article)	nominative	grösster	grösste	grösstes	grösste
	genitive	grössten	grösster	grössten	grösster
	dative	grösstem	grösster	grösstem	grössten
	accusative	grössten	grösste	grösstes	grösste
weak declension (with definite article)	nominative	der grösste	die grösste	das grösste	die grössten
	genitive	des grössten	der grössten	des grössten	der grössten
	dative	dem grössten	der grössten	dem grössten	den grössten
	accusative	den grössten	die grösste	das grösste	die grössten
mixed declension (with indefinite article)	nominative	ein grösster	eine grösste	ein grösstes	(keine) grössten
	genitive	eines grössten	einer grössten	eines grössten	(keiner) grössten
	dative	einem grössten	einer grössten	einem grössten	(keinen) grössten
	accusative	einen grössten	eine grösste	ein grösstes	(keine) grössten

Lombard

Etymology

From Late Latin grossus.

Adjective

gross

1. big, fat, large, thick

Pennsylvania German

Etymology

From Middle High German grōz, from Old High German grōz, from Proto-West Germanic *graut, from Proto-Germanic *grautaz.

Compare German groß, Dutch groot, English great.

Adjective

gross (comparative greesser, superlative greescht)

1. big, large

Derived terms

• Grossdaadi
• Grossmammi

Swedish

Etymology

From French grosse (douzaine), "large (dozen)".

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɡrɔs/

Noun

gross n

1. a gross, twelve dozen (144)

Declension

Declension of gross

		nominative	genitive
singular	indefinite	gross	gross
	definite	grosset	grossets
plural	indefinite	gross	gross
	definite	grossen	grossens

Related terms

• grosshandlare

See also

• dussin
• tjog

Anagrams

• sorgs