User:Sarri.greek/αἴρω & αἱρῶ

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From my school-notes, some decades ago: 2 ancient greek verbs:
αἴρω & αἱρῶ x 2 forms: uncontracted / contracted

• ἀείρω (aeírō) / αἴρω (aírō, “to lift”)
  
• αἱρέω (hairéō) / αἱρῶ (hairô, “to seize”)
  

their compounds and their descendants... sarri.greek (talk) 18:17, 18 March 2018 (UTC)

Stems

Stems for ἀείρω ‎/ αἴρω:

• ἀρ- from root Fαρ-. Present tense with affix j: ἀρj- > αἴρ-ω → Imperfect with iota subscript.

  Other tenses, from stem ἀρ-.

  Derivatives:

  ἄρσις (ársis) (also in Katharevousa. In Standard Modern Greek: polytonic ἄρση and monotonic άρση)

  ἄρδην (árdēn) (also used in Modern Greek (and in monotonic: άρδην))

  ἀρτός (artós, “lifted”)

  ἄρτος (ártos, “lifted at dough”) (also in Modern Greek (and in monotonic: άρτος))

  Derivatives in Koine:

  ἀντ-άρτης (ant-ártēs), ἀντ-αρσία (ant-arsía) (also in gre.mod. (and in mono: αντάρτης, ανταρσία)

• ἀερ- from root ἀFερ-. Present tense with affi j: ἀέρj- > ἀείρω

  Derivatives:

  ἀορτήρ (aortḗr)

  ἄορ (áor, “sword (i.e. something lifted)”)

  μετ-ήορος (met-ḗoros) (Epic) > μετέωρος (metéōros) (also in gre.mod. μετέωρος (metéoros))

Stems for αἱρέω / αἱρῶ

• αἱρέ-: From root Fαρ- with affix j: Fαρ-j > Fαιρ- > αἱρ-, with affix ε for Present & some tenses: αἱρέ-. Other tenses: ectasis of ε to η.

  Derivatives:

  αἳρεσις (haìresis, “the seizing, election”), αἱρετός (hairetós, “possible to seize, or to be elected”), αἱρετικός (hairetikós, “able to choose”) (also in Modern Greek (and in monotonic: αίρεση (“herecy”), αιρετός (“elected”), αιρετικός (“heretic”)))

• ἐλ- for Aorist tense. From Fελ- with augment ἐFεl- > ἐελ > εἷλον (rough breathing in harmony with αἱρέω)

Synonyms

ἀείρω ‎/ αἴρω Synonyms in order of sense

ἐγείρω (egeírō), ἀνυψῶ (anupsô), ἀνίστημι (anístēmi), ἀνορθῶ (anorthô)

ἀνέχω (anékhō) & ἀνίσχω (anískhō)

ἀναφέρω (anaphérō)

ἀναγκάζομαι (anankázomai)

αἱρέω ‎/ αἱρῶ Synonyms in order of sense

• of active αἱρέω/αἱρῶ

κυριεύω (kurieúō), δῃῶ (dēiô), etc.

• of active αἱρέομαι/αἱροῦμαι

ἐκλέγω (eklégō), διαλέγω (dialégō), λαγχάνω (lankhánō), κληρῶ (klērô), περί πλείονος ποιοῦμαι, etc.

Compounds compared

ancient compounds

preposition + verb
1st line: compounds of αἴρω (aírō, “to lift”) (contracted)
2nd line: compounds of: αἱρέω (hairéō) / αἱρῶ (hairô, “to seize”) (uncontracted / contracted)

note how the rough breathing of αἱρῶ affects the formation of its compounds

• ἀνά

  ἀναίρω (anaírō, “to lift up”)

  ἀναιρέω (anairéō)/ἀναιρῶ (anairô, “to lift, abolish, kill”), passive ἀναιρέομαι (anairéomai)/ἀναιροῦμαι (anairoûmai, “to collect the dead”)

• ἀντί

  ἀνταίρω (antaírō, “to raise against, to resist”)

  passive ἀνθαιρέομαι (anthairéomai)/ἀνθαιρούμαι (anthairoúmai, “to choose instead of”)

• ἀντί + κατά

  --

  ἀντικαθαιρέω (antikathairéō)/ἀντικαθαιρῶ (antikathairô, “to replace so. deposed”)

• ἀπό

  ἀπαίρω (apaírō, “lift off, remove”)

  ἀφαιρέω (aphairéō)/ἀφαιρῶ (aphairô, “take away”)

• διά

  διαίρω (diaírō, “to lift”)

  διαιρέω (diairéō)/διαιρῶ (diairô, “to divide”)

• εἰς

  εἰσαίρω (eisaírō, “to lift and bring in”)

  --

• ἐν

  ἐναίρω (enaírō, “to kill, destroy”)/and ἐνναίρω (ennaírō) (Epic)

  ἐναιρέω (enairéō)/ἐναιρῶ (enairô, “to lift, abolish, kill”) only passive aorist participle ἐναιλεθέντος (enailethéntos)

• ἐξ

  ἐξαίρω (exaírō, “to lift, arouse”)

  ἐξαιρέω (exairéō)/ἐξαιρῶ (exairô, “to take out”)

• ἐπί

  ἐπαίρω (epaírō, “to lift, praise”)

  passive ἐφαιρέομαι (ephairéomai)/ἐφαιρούμαι (ephairoúmai, “to elected along with someone”)

• κατά

  καταίρω (kataírō, “to place down, to sail to port (of ships),”)

  καθαιρέω (kathairéō)/καθαιρῶ (kathairô, “to put down”) & see

  the verb κᾰθαίρω (kăthaírō, “to cleanse”) is of different etymon: from καθαρός

  ἀντικαθαιρέω (antikathairéō)/ἀντικαθαιρῶ (antikathairô, “to replace so. deposed”)

• μετά

  μεταίρω (metaírō, “to remove”)

  μεθαιρέω (methairéō)/μεθαιρῶ (methairô, “to catch (a ball) in turn”)

• παρά

  παραίρω (paraírō, “to lift and put aside”)

  παραιρέω (parairéō)/παραιρῶ (parairô, “to take away, detach”)

• περί

  --

  περιαιρέω (periairéō)/περιαιρῶ (periairô, “to remove around, trim”)

• πρό

  --

  προαιρέω (proairéō)/προαιρῶ (proairô, “to choose, elect”)

• πρό + ἀπό

  --

  προαφαιρέω (proaphairéō)/προαφαιρῶ (proaphairô, “to take away before”)

• πρός

  --

  passive προσαιρέομαι (prosairéomai)/προσαιρούμαι (prosairoúmai, “to choose, elect more”)

• προσθέτω+ἀπό

  --

  προσθαφαιρέω (prosthaphairéō)/προσθαφαιρῶ (prosthaphairô, “to add and substract”)

• σύν

  συναείρω (sunaeírō, “to join”) (uncontracted) / συναίρω (sunaírō, “to lift up together”) (contracted)

  συναιρέω (sunairéō)/συναιρῶ (sunairô, “to grasp together, shorten”)

• ὑπέρ

  ὑπεραίρω (huperaírō, “to lift”)

  --

• ὑπό

  -- (ὑπαίρω is a grammatical form of ὑφαιρέω)

  ὑφαιρέω (huphairéō)/ὑφαιρῶ (huphairô, “to intercept”)

• ὑπό + διά

  --

  ὑποδιαιρέω (hupodiairéō)/ὑποδιαιρῶ (hupodiairô, “subdivide”)

• ὑπό + ἐξ

  --

  * ὑπεξαιρέω (hupexairéō)/ὑπεξαιρῶ (hupexairô, “to take away in secret”)

modern compounds

Numerous compounds from the ancient verbs αἴρω and αἱρῶ. Many of their grammatical forms survive too.

• αίρω
• Descendants from αἴρω derivatives

  εξαίρω (exaíro, “to praise, empashize”) < ἐξαίρω (exaírō, “to lift, arouse”)

  see εξαιρώ

• Descendants from αἱρῶ derivatives

  αναιρώ (anairó, “to refute, abolish”) < ἀναιρῶ (anairô, “to lift, abolish, kill”)

  αφαιρώ (afairó, “to substract”) < ἀφαιρῶ (aphairô, “take away”)

  διαιρώ (diairó, “to divide”) < διαιρῶ (diairô, “to divide”)

  εξαιρώ (exairó, “to make an exception”) < ἐξαιρῶ (exairô, “to take out”)

  see εξαίρω

  προαφαιρώ (proafairó, “to substract in advance”) < προαφαιρῶ (proaphairô)

  προσθαφαιρώ (prosthafairó, “to add and substract”) < προσθαφαιρῶ (prosthaphairô)

  συναιρώ (synairó, “to join together”) < συναιρῶ (sunairô, “to grasp together, shorten”)

  υποδιαιρώ (ypodiairó, “to divide further”) < ὑποδιαιρῶ (hupodiairô)

• Do not confuse with similar-sounding verbs with different etymology

  ευκαιρώ (efkairó, “to have spare time, chance to”) < εὐκαιρέω (eukairéō)/εὐκαιρῶ (eukairô)

  καθαίρω (kathaíro, “to purify”) < καθαίρω (kathaírō) see καθαρός

  συγχαίρω (synchaíro, “to congratulate”) < συγχαίρω (sunkhaírō) < σύν + χαίρω

References

Sources

• @perseus.tufts.edu Greek Word Study Tool
• Bodoh, John J. An Index of Greek Verb Forms. Hildesheim & New York, 1970. [greek = ancient greek]

  online in gre: online Digital Reources @greek‑language.gr retr:2017.