αίρω
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Greek
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek αἴρω (aírō).
- For sense αίρω (“remove”): Semantic loan from French lever.
- For sense αίρω (“rise”): Semantic loan from French élever.
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]αίρω • (aíro) (past ήρα, passive αίρομαι)
- (learned) to lift and carry
- to remove (an obstacle), lift (a ban or an embargo), raise (a siege)
- αίρεται η παρεξήγηση ― aíretai i parexígisi ― the misunderstanding is resolved
- αίρεται ο στρατιωτικός νόμος ― aíretai o stratiotikós nómos ― the martial law is raised
- ήρθη ο αποκλεισμός ― írthi o apokleismós ― the blockade was raised
- Synonyms: απομακρύνω (apomakrýno), αφαιρώ (afairó)
- to revoke, recall (a decision) (especially in legal terminology)
- Η βουλή αίρει την εμπιστοσύνη της προς την κυβέρνηση.
- I voulí aírei tin empistosýni tis pros tin kyvérnisi.
- Parliament lifts its confidence to the government.
- Το συμβούλιο αίρει τις κυρώσεις έναντι της χώρας.
- To symvoúlio aírei tis kyróseis énanti tis chóras.
- The council lifts sanctions on the country.
- Το δικαστήριο μπορεί να άρει την ασυλία.
- To dikastírio boreí na árei tin asylía.
- The court may waive the immunity.
- Synonyms: ανακαλώ (anakaló), ακυρώνω (akyróno), καταργώ (katargó), παύω (pávo)
- to rise to a superior level
- Στην Αναγέννηση η τέχνη αίρεται στην τελειότητα.
- Stin Anagénnisi i téchni aíretai stin teleiótita.
- In the Renaissance, art is lifted to perfection.
- Αίρεται στο ύψος των περιστάσεων. (expression)
- Aíretai sto ýpsos ton peristáseon.
- He/she/it rises to the occasion.
- (literally, “to the height of the occasion”)
- Synonym: εξυψώνω (exypsóno)
- Antonym: υποβιβάζω (ypovivázo)
Conjugation
[edit]αίρω, αίρομαι
Active voice ➤ | Passive voice ➤ | |||
Indicative mood ➤ | Imperfective aspect ➤ | Perfective aspect ➤ | Imperfective aspect | Perfective aspect |
Non-past tenses ➤ | Present ➤ | Dependent ➤ | Present | Dependent |
1 sg | αίρω | άρω | αίρομαι | αρθώ |
2 sg | αίρεις | άρεις | αίρεσαι | αρθείς |
3 sg | αίρει | άρει | αίρεται | αρθεί |
1 pl | αίρουμε, [‑ομε] | άρουμε, [-ομε] | αιρόμαστε, {αιρόμεθα} | αρθούμε |
2 pl | αίρετε | άρετε | αίρεστε, {αίρεσθε} | αρθείτε |
3 pl | αίρουν[ε] | άρουν(ε) | αίρονται | αρθούν |
Past tenses ➤ | Imperfect ➤ | Simple past ➤ | Imperfect | Simple past |
1 sg | (ήρα) | (ήρα) | — | (άρθηκα), {ήρθην} |
2 sg | (ήρες) | (ήρες) | — | (άρθηκες), {ήρθης} |
3 sg | (ήρε) | (ήρε) | {ήρετο} | {ήρθη}, (άρθηκε) |
1 pl | (ήραμε) | (ήραμε) | — | (αρθήκαμε), [{ήρθημεν}] |
2 pl | (ήρατε) | (ήρατε) | — | (αρθήκατε), [{ήρθητε}] |
3 pl | (ήραν) | (ήραν) | αίρονταν, {ήροντο} | {ήρθησαν}, (άρθηκαν), (αρθήκαν(ε)) |
Future tenses ➤ | Continuous ➤ | Simple ➤ | Continuous | Simple |
1 sg | θα αίρω ➤ | θα άρω ➤ | θα αίρομαι ➤ | θα αρθώ ➤ |
2,3 sg, 1,2,3 pl | θα αίρεις, … | θα άρεις, … | θα αίρεσαι, … | θα αρθείς, … |
Perfect aspect ➤ | Perfect aspect | |||
Present perfect ➤ | έχω, έχεις, … άρει | έχω, έχεις, … αρθεί | ||
Past perfect ➤ | είχα, είχες, … άρει | είχα, είχες, … αρθεί | ||
Future perfect ➤ | θα έχω, θα έχεις, … άρει | θα έχω, έχεις, … αρθεί | ||
Subjunctive mood ➤ | Formed using present, dependent (for simple past) or present perfect from above with a particle (να, ας). | |||
Imperative mood ➤ | Imperfective aspect | Perfective aspect | Imperfective aspect | Perfective aspect |
2 sg | αίρε | άρε, {άρον} | — | — |
2 pl | αίρετε | άρετε | αίρεστε, {αίρεσθε} | αρθείτε |
Other forms | Active voice | Passive voice | ||
Present participle➤ | αίροντας1 ➤ | αιρόμενος, ‑όμενη, ‑όμενο, {αιρόμενος, ‑ομένη, ‑όμενο} ➤ | ||
Perfect participle➤ | έχοντας άρει ➤ | — | ||
Nonfinite form➤ | άρει | αρθεί | ||
Notes Appendix:Greek verbs |
• 1 Learned present participle: αίρων (aíron), αίρουσα (aírousa), αίρον (aíron). • (…) optional or informal. […] rare. {…} learned, archaic. • Multiple forms are shown in order of reducing frequency. • Periphrastic imperative forms may be produced using the subjunctive. | |||
Synonyms
[edit]- (lift): σηκώνω (sikóno)
- (lift, figuratively): σηκώνω (sikóno)
- (remove): απομακρύνω (apomakrýno), αφαιρώ (afairó), εξαλείφω (exaleífo)
- (revoke): ανακαλώ (anakaló), ακυρώνω (akyróno), καταργώ (katargó), παύω (pávo)
- (rise): εξυψώνω (exypsóno)
Antonyms
[edit]- (antonym(s) of “rise”): υποβιβάζω (ypovivázo)
Related terms
[edit]- αίρων m (aíron, “one who lifts”, participle), αίρουσα f (aírousa), neu. αίρον n (aíron)
- άρον άρον (áron áron)
- εξαίρω (exaíro, “praise”)
Not to be confused as derivatives: compound verbs -αιρώ of ancient αἱρῶ (hairô, “seize; select”)
Further reading
[edit]- αίρω - Georgakas, Demetrius, 1908-1990 (1960-2009) A Modern Greek-English Dictionary [MGED online, 2009. letter α only (abbreviations)], Centre for the Greek language
- αίρω, in Λεξικό της κοινής νεοελληνικής [Dictionary of Standard Modern Greek], Triantafyllidis Foundation, 1998 at the Centre for the Greek language
- αίρω - Babiniotis, Georgios (2002) Λεξικό της νέας ελληνικής γλώσσας: […] [Dictionary of Modern Greek (language)] (in Greek), 2nd edition, Athens: Kentro Lexikologias [Lexicology Centre], 1st edition 1998, →ISBN.
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