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論

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 论
論 U+8AD6, 論
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8AD6
← 諕
[U+8AD5] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 諗 →
[U+8AD7]
論 U+F941, 論
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F941
← 鹿
[U+F940] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 壟 →
[U+F942]

Translingual

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Han character

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論 (Kangxi radical 149, 言+8, 15 strokes, cangjie input 卜口人一月 (YROMB), four-corner 08627, composition ⿰訁侖)

Derived characters

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Descendants

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1168, character 13
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 35658
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1633, character 19
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3988, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+8AD6

Chinese

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trad. 論
simp. 论

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 論
Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Bronze inscriptions Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (侖) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
蜦 *ruːls, *run
綸 *kruːn, *ɡ·run
論 *ruːn, *ruːns, *run
崘 *ruːn
掄 *ruːn, *run
菕 *ruːn
惀 *ruːnʔ, *run
睔 *ɡ·ruːnʔ, *kuːns, *ɡuːnʔ
碖 *ruːnʔ, *ruːns
溣 *ruːns
倫 *run
淪 *run
輪 *run
侖 *run
陯 *run
鯩 *run
棆 *run
踚 *run
耣 *runʔ
錀 *pqʰlun

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ruːn, *ruːns, *run) : semantic 言 (“say”) + phonetic 侖 (OC *run).

Etymology

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Compare Mizo râwn (“to ask advice, to consult, to ask”) [high-tone], Mizo râwn (“to suggest, to advise, to recommend”) [low-tone].

Pronunciation 1

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  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 論
Mandarin Beijing /luən⁵¹/
Harbin /luən⁵³/
Tianjin /luən⁵³/
Jinan /luẽ⁴²/
Qingdao /luə̃⁴²/
Zhengzhou /luən²¹³/
Xi'an /lyẽ²⁴/
Xining /lyə̃²¹³/
Yinchuan /luŋ⁵³/ ～語
/luŋ¹³/ 言～
Lanzhou /lũn¹³/
Ürümqi /lun²¹³/
Wuhan /nən³⁵/
Chengdu /nən¹³/
/nuən¹³/
Guiyang /len²¹³/
Kunming /luə̃²¹²/
Nanjing /lun⁴⁴/
Hefei /lən⁵³/
Jin Taiyuan /luəŋ¹¹/
/lyəŋ¹¹/
/luəŋ⁴⁵/
/lyəŋ⁴⁵/
Pingyao /luŋ³⁵/
Hohhot /lũŋ⁵⁵/
Wu Shanghai /ləŋ²³/
Suzhou /lən³¹/
Hangzhou /len²¹³/
Wenzhou /lø³¹/
Hui Shexian /lʌ̃²²/
Tunxi /luːə¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /lən¹³/
Xiangtan /nən¹²/
Gan Nanchang
Hakka Meixian /lun⁵³/
Taoyuan
Cantonese Guangzhou /løn²²/
Nanning /lɐn²²/
Hong Kong /løn²²/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /lun³⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /lɔuŋ²⁴²/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /lɔŋ⁴⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /luŋ³⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /lun³³/
Rime
Character 論 論
Reading # 3/3 2/3
Initial (聲) 來 (37) 來 (37)
Final (韻) 魂 (55) 魂 (55)
Tone (調) Departing (H) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed Closed
Division (等) I I
Fanqie 盧困切 盧昆切
Baxter lwonH lwon
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/luənH/ /luən/
Pan
Wuyun 		/luonH/ /luon/
Shao
Rongfen 		/luənH/ /luən/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/lwənH/ /lwən/
Li
Rong 		/luənH/ /luən/
Wang
Li 		/luənH/ /luən/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/luənH/ /luən/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		lùn lún
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		leon6 leon4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 論 論
Reading # 3/3 2/3
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		lùn lún
Middle
Chinese 		‹ lwonH › ‹ lwon ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[r]ˁu[n]-s/ /*[r]ˁu[n]/
English discussion, discourse discuss, examine

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 論 論
Reading # 2/3 1/3
No. 8656 8649
Phonetic
component 		侖 侖
Rime
group 		文 文
Rime
subdivision 		2 2
Corresponding
MC rime 		論 論
Old
Chinese 		/*ruːns/ /*ruːn/

Definitions

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論

  1. to discuss; to reason; to debate; to argue
  2. to assess; to evaluate; to judge; to weigh
  3. to state; to talk about; to recount
  4. to treat; to regard; to handle
  5. to take into consideration; to consider
  6. according to; on the basis of
  7. discussion; dialogue; discourse
  8. essay; discourse
  9. theory; thesis; system

Compounds

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Pronunciation 2

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Rime
Character 論
Reading # 1/3
Initial (聲) 來 (37)
Final (韻) 諄 (47)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) III
Fanqie 力迍切
Baxter lwin
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/liuɪn/
Pan
Wuyun 		/lʷin/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ljuen/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/lwin/
Li
Rong 		/liuĕn/
Wang
Li 		/lĭuĕn/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/li̯uĕn/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		lún
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		leon4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 論
Reading # 1/3
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		lún
Middle
Chinese 		‹ lwin ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[r]u[n]/
English (in name of Lúnyǔ 論語)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 論
Reading # 3/3
No. 8667
Phonetic
component 		侖
Rime
group 		文
Rime
subdivision 		2
Corresponding
MC rime 		淪
Old
Chinese 		/*run/

Definitions

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論

  1. † to say directly or to the point
  2. Short for 論語／论语 (Lúnyǔ, “Lunyu; Analects”).
  3. a surname

Compounds

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Japanese

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See also 論じる, and 論ずる

Kanji

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論

(Sixth grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. argument, discussion

Readings

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From Middle Chinese 論 (MC lwonH); compare Mandarin 論 / 论 (lùn):

  • Go-on: ろん (ron, Jōyō)
  • Kan-on: ろん (ron, Jōyō)

From Middle Chinese 論 (MC lwin); compare Mandarin 論 / 论 (lún):

From native Japanese roots:

Compounds

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Etymology

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Kanji in this term
論
ろん
Grade: 6
on'yomi
 論 on Japanese Wikipedia

From Middle Chinese 論 (MC lwonH).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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論(ろん) • (ron) 

  1. argument, discussion, disputation
    論(ろん)より証(しょう)拠(こ)
    ron yori shōko
    the proof of the pudding is in the eating
    (literally, “evidence over argument”)
  2. theory
  3. question of; advocacy of
    鉄(てつ)道(どう)国(こく)有(ゆう)論(ろん)
    tetsudō kokuyū ron
    the railway nationalization question
    征(せい)韓(かん)論(ろん)
    Seikanron
    Seikanron ― advocacy of a conquest of Korea
    非(ひ)戦(せん)論(ろん)を唱(とな)える
    hisenron o tonaeru
    to advocate against war
  4. opinion, view
  5. essay, treatise
    『人(にん)間(げん)知(ちせ)性(い)論(ろん)』
    “Ningen chisei ron”
    An Essay Concerning Human Understanding
    『人(にん)間(げん)本(ほん)性(せい)論(ろん)』
    “Ningen honsei ron”
    A Treatise of Human Nature

Suffix

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論(ろん) • (-ron) 

  1. theory; -ology
    集(しゅう)合(ごう)論(ろん) ― shūgōron ― set theory
    宇(う)宙(ちゅう)論(ろん) ― uchūron ― cosmology
    陰(いん)謀(ぼう)論(ろん) ― inbōron ― conspiracy theory
  2. doctrine; -ism
    無(む)神(しん)論(ろん) ― mushinron ― atheism
    唯(ゆい)物(ぶつ)論(ろん) ― yuibutsuron ― materialism

References

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  1. ^ Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

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Hanja

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論 (eumhun 논할 론 (nonhal ron), word-initial (South Korea) 논할 논 (nonhal non))

  1. hanja form? of 론/논 (“argument, discussion”)

Compounds

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Vietnamese

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Han character

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論: Hán Việt readings: luận[1][2][3]
論: Nôm readings: lọn[1][2][3][4][5], lộn[1][2][3][4][5], lụn[1][2][3][4][5], luồn[1][2][3][5], trọn[1][2][3][5], luận[1][2][5], trộn[1][3][5], chọn[1][3], tròn[2][5], lòn[4][5], dọn[1], rộn[1], soạn[1], giọn[3], lốn[3], gọn[4], lấn[4], lẩn[4]

  1. chữ Hán form of luận (“essay”).

Compounds

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References

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  1. ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 Nguyễn (2014).
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  3. ↑ 3.00 3.01 3.02 3.03 3.04 3.05 3.06 3.07 3.08 3.09 Trần (2004).
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 Hồ (1976).
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.8 Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
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