臣愚

Chinese

		statesman; vassal; courtier statesman; vassal; courtier; minister; official	stupid
trad. (臣愚)		臣	愚
simp. #(臣愚)		臣	愚
anagram		愚臣

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): chényú

  (Zhuyin): ㄔㄣˊ ㄩˊ

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: chényú
    • Zhuyin: ㄔㄣˊ ㄩˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: chényú
    • Wade–Giles: chʻên²-yü²
    • Yale: chén-yú
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chernyu
    • Palladius: чэньюй (čɛnʹjuj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰən³⁵ y³⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: dzyin ngju

Rime
Character	臣	愚
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	常 (25)	疑 (31)
Final (韻)	眞 (43)	虞 (24)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	植鄰切	虞俱切
Baxter	dzyin	ngju
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡ʑiɪn/	/ŋɨo/
Pan Wuyun	/d͡ʑin/	/ŋio/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡ʑjen/	/ŋio/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/d͡ʑin/	/ŋuə̆/
Li Rong	/ʑiĕn/	/ŋio/
Wang Li	/ʑĭĕn/	/ŋĭu/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ʑi̯ĕn/	/ŋi̯u/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	chén	yú
Expected Cantonese Reflex	san4	jyu4

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɡiŋ  ŋo/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	臣
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	chén
Middle Chinese	‹ dzyin ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɡ]i[ŋ]/
English	slave, subject
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	臣	愚
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	1342	15919
Phonetic component	臣	禺
Rime group	眞	侯
Rime subdivision	2	0
Corresponding MC rime	辰
Old Chinese	/*ɡiŋ/	/*ŋo/
Notes	甲文臧象以戈刺目爲奴， 省戈表不刺者則爲臣， 專指役使於家內者

Pronoun

臣愚

1. A first-person pronoun used by a vassal who humbles himself to his master.

   • 公子成再拜稽首曰：「臣愚不達於王之議，敢道世俗之間，臣之罪也。今王將繼簡、襄之意以順先王之志，臣敢不聽命乎。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     公子成再拜稽首曰：「臣愚不达于王之议，敢道世俗之间，臣之罪也。今王将继简、襄之意以顺先王之志，臣敢不听命乎。」 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE

     Gōngzǐ Chéng zàibài qǐshǒu yuē: “Chényú bù dá yú wáng zhī yì, gǎn dào shìsú zhī jiān, chén zhī zuì yě. Jīnwáng jiāng jì Jiǎn, Xiāng zhī yì yǐ shùn xiānwáng zhī zhì, chén gǎn bù tīng mìng hū.” [Pinyin]

     Gongzi Cheng bowed twice, bowed to the ground and said: "I, the stupid vassal doesn't reach the king's opinion, and dare say between the secular, it's my guilt. The current king is going to inherit the mind of Jiang(Zhao Yang) and Xiang(Zhao Wuxu) by following the late king's will; I dare not listen to the orders!"

Synonyms

• 愚臣 (yúchén)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
臣	愚
しん Grade: 4	ぐ Grade: S
kan'on

Etymology

From Literary Chinese 臣愚 (chényú).

Pronoun

臣(しん)愚(ぐ) • (shingu) 

1. A first-person pronoun used by a vassal who humbles himself to his master.

   Synonym: 愚臣

   • 14th century, 太平記 (Taiheiki):

     臣愚(しんぐ)竊(ひそか)に是(これ)を案(あん)ずるに

     shingu hisoka ni kore o anzuru ni

     I, your humble vassal thinks out secretly that—