Template:tl-conj-table/documentation
Documentation
[edit]This template serves as a table for Tagalog verb conjugations. It integrates all the {{tl-infl-table}} series of templates together into one conjugation table, while also considering affix correspondences.[1]
Take note that this template does not render the automatic d->r assimilation as what the {{tl-infl-table}} template series do.
For the table of affix correspondences, go to § Affix correspondences.
This template is still under development. Undesired whitespace can be seen in the table in some scenarios.
Parameters
[edit]|1=
- The (actor) affix used in conjugating.
|2=, |3=, |4=
- The root word (para 2: first consonant (or consonant digraph) of first syllable (if none, leave blank), para 3: first vowel of first syllable, para 4: rest of the root word).
|5=, |6=, |7=
- The root word affixed with -in or -an (para 5: first consonant (or consonant digraph) of first syllable (if none, leave blank), para 6: first vowel of first syllable, para 7: rest of the root word). See Note 1.
|o=, |d=
- The object and/or directional affix(es) which correspond to the actor affix.
|a=
- The type of nasal assimilation (for verbs with affixes mang-, pang- -in, pang- -an, ipang-, ikapang-, ...) See Note 2.
|ir=
- Indicates which irregular forms the verb forms with the -in and -an affixes. See Note 3.
|rpl-loc-ka-an=
- Replaces the locative affix from ka- -an to pag- -an (only for some Class IV ma- verbs). (off by default)
|rm-mang-ind=
- Removes the actor-indirect verbs for mang- verbs which are not derived from um- or mag- verbs. See Note 4. (off by default)
|title=
- The page title will show up by default. If the conjugation table is not placed in a page whose word is not affixed with a major actor verb affix, change the parameter's value to its equivalent actor trigger verb.
Note 1
[edit]This is how parameters |5=, |6=, and |7= are used when dealing with -in and -an verbs.
| If the word... | For example... | Put in... |
|---|---|---|
| has no phoneme change | mahal | Para 4: minahal Para 7: mahalin |
| has phoneme change | sabi | Para 4: sinabi Para 7: sabihan |
| has phoneme omission | kamit | Para 4: kinamit Para 7: kamtin |
| has phoneme omission and change | buhos | Para 4: binuhos Para 7: busan |
More irregular verbs can be seen at Note 3.
Note 2
[edit]There are three different types of nasal assimilation which involve the mang-, pang- -in, pang- -an, ipang-, and ikapang-: total, partial, and none (the values for the parameter |a=).
| Type of nasal assimilation | Description | Examples |
|---|---|---|
| Total | The /ŋ/ phoneme of the affix assimilates and omits the first consonant of the root word's first syllable and the affixed word is conjugated like the affix ma-. For root words starting with vowels, the /ŋ/ phoneme becomes as if part of the root word. | mamili, manakot mangisda, |
| Partial | The /ŋ/ phoneme of the affix assimilates but does not omit the first consonant of the root word's first syllable. | mambola, mandakot |
| None | The /ŋ/ phoneme does not assimilate with the first consonant of the root word's first syllable. For root words starting with vowels, a glottal stop appears between the /ŋ/ phoneme and the root word. | mangyari, manghina, mang-akit |
The rules of assimilation are the following:
| Type | Formula | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Total | mang- + -p = mam- | mang + palo = mamalo |
| mang- + -b = mam- | mang + bili = mamili | |
| mang- + -m = mam- | mang + manhid = mamanhid | |
| mang- + -t = man- | mang + takot = manakot | |
| mang- + -s = man- | mang + sakit = manakit | |
| mang- + -n = man- | mang + nood = manood | |
| mang- + -k = mang- | mang + kahoy = mangahoy | |
| mang- + -ng = mang- | mang + (pa)nganib = manganib | |
| mang- + -vowel = mang- | mang + isda = mangisda | |
| Partial | mang- + -b = mamb- | mang + bola = mambola |
| mang- + -d = mand- | mang + dakot = mandakot | |
| mang- + -l = manl- | mang + lait = manlait | |
| mang- + -r = manr- | mang + raket = manraket | |
| None | mang- + -g = mangg- | mang + gamot = manggamot |
| mang- + -h = mangh- | mang + hina = manghina | |
| mang- + -w = mangw- | mang + wika = mangwika | |
| mang- + -y = mangy- | mang + yari = mangyari | |
| mang- + -vowel = mang- | mang + akit = mang-akit |
Note 3
[edit]This is the list of verbs with irregular -in/-an forms[1].[2] The list is used to find out what to fill into the |ir= parameter. If the conjugation table requires an irregular -in verb, encode |ir=in. If the table requires an irregular -an verb, encode |ir=an. If the table needs both irregular forms, encode |ir=in/an.
(The entries are arranged by ABAKADA, wherein 'k' is placed between 'b' and 'c', and the digraph 'ng' is considered as one letter.)
Footnotes:
1Has both regular and irregular forms which are used more or less as often as each other. Both regular and irregular forms have the meaning.
2Same as footnote 1, but the irregular form is more rarely used.
3Same as footnote 1, but both regular and irregular forms have different meanings.
4Both the -in and -an forms have the same meaning and are interchangeable.
5For forms with double suffixes, encode the -(h)an/-(h)in suffix along with the rest of the root word, e.g. for alalahanin, encode as {{tl-conj|mag||a|lala||a|lalahan|...}}
It is recommended that those irregular forms which have footnotes 1, 2, or 3 to display two conjugation tables: one for the regular form and another for the irregular form.
Note 4
[edit]There are some mang- verbs that cannot form other actor trigger verbs with major actor verb affixes. The other mang- verbs are derived from um- or (rarely) mag- verbs. Here are some examples of derived mang-verbs:
| Derived mang- verbs | Derived from... |
|---|---|
| mangain | kumain |
| mamitas | pumitas |
| manuyo | sumuyo |
| manugat | sumugat |
| mang-api | umapi |
| mamili | bumili |
| mandaya | dumaya |
| mambintang | magbintang |
| mamigay | magbigay |
| mamahinga | magpahinga |
Exclusive mang- verbs usually have roots starting with ng, m, or n have a meaning of gathering, hunting, or collecting objects. Here are some examples of exclusive mang- verbs: manganib, manood, mamaga, manatili, manlumo, maniktik, mangisda, mangahoy, mangamote, manalaba.
Usage examples
[edit]The word gumawa is done like this.
{{tl-conj-table|um|g|a|wa|g|a|w|d=an|ir=in/an|o=in|title=gumawa}}
| Root word | gawa | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Trigger | Affix | Aspect | ||||
| Infinitive | Complete | Progressive | Contemplative | Recently Complete | ||
| Actor | -um- | gumawa | gumawa | gumagawa nagawa2 |
gagawa magawa2 |
kagagawa1 kakagawa |
| Object | -in | gawin | ginawa | ginagawa inagawa2 |
gagawin agawin2 |
— |
| Directional | -an | gawan | ginawan | ginagawan inagawan2 |
gagawan agawan2 |
— |
| Locative | pag- -an | paggawan | pinaggawan | pinapaggawan pinaggagawan |
papaggawan paggagawan |
— |
| Benefactive | i- | igawa | iginawa | iginagawa | igagawa | — |
| Instrument | ipang- | ipanggawa | ipinanggawa | ipinapanggawa | ipapanggawa | — |
| Causative | ika- | ikagawa | ikinagawa | ikinagagawa1 ikinakagawa |
ikagagawa1 ikakagawa |
— |
| i-3 | igawa | iginawa | iginagawa | igagawa | — | |
| Measurement | i- | igawa | iginawa | iginagawa | igagawa | — |
| 1Used in formal contexts. 2Dialectal use only. 3Generally avoided unless the cause is emphasized. | ||||||
| Trigger | Affix | Aspect | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Infinitive | Complete | Progressive | Contemplative | Recently Complete | ||
| Actor | magpa- | magpagawa | nagpagawa | nagpapagawa | magpapagawa | kapagagawa1 kapapagawa kapagpapagawa kakapagawa |
| Actor-secondary | pa- -in | pagawin | pinagawa | pinagagawa pinapagawa |
pagagawin papagawin |
— |
| Object | ipa- | ipagawa | ipinagawa | ipinagagawa ipinapagawa |
ipagagawa ipapagawa |
— |
| Directional | pa- -an | pagawan | pinagawan | pinapagawan pinagagawan |
papagawan pagagawan |
— |
| Benefactive | ipagpa- | ipagpagawa | ipinagpagawa | ipinagpapagawa1 ipinapagpagawa |
ipagpapagawa1 ipapagpagawa |
— |
| Causative | ikapagpa- | ikapagpagawa | ikinapagpagawa | ikinapagpapagawa1 ikinakapagpagawa |
ikapagpapagawa1 ikakapagpagawa |
— |
| Locative | pagpa- -an | pagpagawan | pinagpagawan | pinagpapagagawan1 pinapagpagawan |
pagpapagagawan1 papagpagawan |
— |
| papag- -an | papaggawan | pinapaggawan | pinapapaggawan | papapaggawan | — | |
| 1Used in formal contexts. | ||||||
| Form | Affix | Aspect | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Infinitive | Complete | Progressive | Contemplative | ||
| Direct | maki- | makigawa | nakigawa | nakikigawa | makikigawa |
| Indirect | makipagpa- | makipagpagawa | nakipagpagawa | nakikipagpagawa | makikipagpagawa |
The word magbukas is done like this.
{{tl-conj-table|mag|b|u|kas|b|u|ks|ir=an|o=an|title=magbukas}}
| Root word | bukas | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Trigger | Affix | Aspect | ||||
| Infinitive | Complete | Progressive | Contemplative | Recently Complete | ||
| Actor | mag- | magbukas | nagbukas | nagbubukas nagabukas2 |
magbubukas magabukas2 gabukas2 |
kabubukas1 kapagbubukas1 kakabukas kakapagbukas kapapagbukas |
| Object | -an | buksan | binuksan | binubuksan inabuksan2 |
bubuksan abuksan2 |
— |
| Locative | pag- -an | pagbuksan | pinagbuksan | pinapagbuksan pinagbubuksan |
papagbuksan pagbubuksan |
— |
| Benefactive | ipag- | ipagbukas | ipinagbukas | ipinapagbukas | ipapagbukas | — |
| Instrument | ipang- | ipambukas | ipinambukas | ipinapambukas | ipapambukas | — |
| Causative | ikapag- | ikapagbukas | ikinapagbukas | ikinapagbubukas1 ikinakapagbukas |
ikapagbubukas1 ikakapagbukas |
— |
| Referential | pag- -an | pagbuksan | pinagbuksan | pinapagbuksan pinagbubuksan |
papagbuksan pagbubuksan |
— |
| 1Used in formal contexts. 2Dialectal use only. | ||||||
| Trigger | Affix | Aspect | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Infinitive | Complete | Progressive | Contemplative | Recently Complete | ||
| Actor | magpa- | magpabukas | nagpabukas | nagpapabukas | magpapabukas | kapabubukas1 kapapabukas kapagpapabukas kakapabukas |
| Actor-secondary | papag- -in | papagbuksin | pinapagbukas | pinapapagbukas | papapagbuksin | — |
| Object | pa- -an | pabuksan | pinabuksan | pinapabuksan pinabubuksan |
papabuksan pabubuksan |
— |
| Benefactive | ipagpa- | ipagpabukas | ipinagpabukas | ipinagpapabukas1 ipinapagpabukas |
ipagpapabukas1 ipapagpabukas |
— |
| Causative | ikapagpa- | ikapagpabukas | ikinapagpabukas | ikinapagpapabukas1 ikinakapagpabukas |
ikapagpapabukas1 ikakapagpabukas |
— |
| Locative | pagpa- -an | pagpabuksan | pinagpabuksan | pinagpapabubuksan1 pinapagpabuksan |
pagpapabubuksan1 papagpabuksan |
— |
| papag- -an | papagbuksan | pinapagbuksan | pinapapagbuksan | papapagbuksan | — | |
| Referential | papag- -an | papagbuksan | pinapagbuksan | pinapapagbuksan | papapagbuksan | — |
| 1Used in formal contexts. | ||||||
| Form | Affix | Aspect | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Infinitive | Complete | Progressive | Contemplative | ||
| Direct | makipag- | makipagbukas | nakipagbukas | nakikipagbukas | makikipagbukas |
| maki- | makibukas | nakibukas | nakikibukas | makikibukas | |
| Indirect | makipagpa- | makipagpabukas | nakipagpabukas | nakikipagpabukas | makikipagpabukas |
The word manghinayang is done like this.
{{tl-conj-table|mang|h|i|nayang|h|i|nayang|a=none|d=pang-an|rm-mang-ind=yes|title=manghinayang}}
| Root word | hinayang | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Trigger | Affix | Aspect | ||||
| Infinitive | Complete | Progressive | Contemplative | Recently Complete | ||
| Actor | mang- | manghinayang | nanghinayang | nanghinghinayang | manghinghinayang | kapanghinghinayang1 kakapanghinayang kapapanghinayang |
| Directional | pang- -an | panghinayangan | pinanghinayangan | pinanghihinayangan pinapanghinayangan |
panghihinayangan papanghinayangan |
— |
| Locative | pang- -an | panghinayangan | pinanghinayangan | pinanghihinayangan pinapanghinayangan |
panghihinayangan papanghinayangan |
— |
| Benefactive | ipang- | ipanghinayang | ipinanghinayang | ipinapanghinayang | ipapanghinayang | — |
| Instrument | ipang- | ipanghinayang | ipinanghinayang | ipinapanghinayang | ipapanghinayang | — |
| Causative | ikapang- | ikapanghinayang | ikinapanghinayang | ikinapanghihinayang1 ikinakapanghinayang |
ikapanghihinayang1 ikakapanghinayang |
— |
| 1Used in formal contexts. 2Dialectal use only. | ||||||
| Trigger | Affix | Aspect | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Infinitive | Complete | Progressive | Contemplative | Recently Complete | ||
| Actor-secondary | papang- -in | papanghinayangin | pinapanghinayang | pinapapanghinayang | papapanghinayangin | —
|
| Benefactive | ipagpa- | ipagpahinayang | ipinagpahinayang | ipinagpapahinayang1 ipinapagpahinayang |
ipagpapahinayang1 ipapagpahinayang |
— |
| ipapang- | ipapanghinayang | ipinapanghinayang | ipinapapanghinayang | ipapapanghinayang | — | |
| Causative | ikapagpapang- | ikapagpapanghinayang | ikinapagpapanghinayang | ikinapagpapapanghinayang1 ikinakapagpapanghinayang |
ikapagpapapanghinayang1 ikakapagpapanghinayang |
— |
| Locative | papang- -an | papanghinayangan | pinapanghinayangan | pinapapanghinayangan | papapanghinayangan | — |
| 1Used in formal contexts. | ||||||
| Form | Affix | Aspect | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Infinitive | Complete | Progressive | Contemplative | ||
| Direct | makipang- | makipanghinayang | nakipanghinayang | nakikipanghinayang | makikipanghinayang |
| Indirect | makipagpa- | makipagpahinayang | nakipagpahinayang | nakikipagpahinayang | makikipagpahinayang |
Affix correspondences
[edit]The Tagalog Reference Grammar shows which verb affixes correspond to each other which is important when shifting the trigger or focus of a sentence.
| Class | Trigger | Example | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Actor | Object | Directional | ||
| I | um | in | — | umabot → abutin |
| um | an | — | tumikim → tikman | |
| um | — | an | dumalo → daluhan | |
| um | — | in | sumunod → sundin | |
| um | i | an | sumulat → isulat, sulatan | |
| um | in | an | bumili → bilhin, bilhan | |
| II | mag | an | — | magbukas → buksan |
| mag | i | — | magbaba → ibaba | |
| mag | in | — | magluto → lutuin | |
| mag | ipag | — | mag-adya → ipag-adya | |
| mag | pag-an | — | mag-aral → pag-aralan | |
| mag | — | an | magbayad → bayaran | |
| mag | — | pag-an | maghati → paghatian | |
| mag | i | an | magbigay → ibigay, bigyan | |
| mag | i | in | magbato → ibato, batuhin | |
| mag | i | pag-an | magbilin → ibilin, pagbilinan | |
| mag | in | an | mag-alis → alisin, alisan | |
| mag | ipag | pag-an | magbili → ipagbili, pagbilhan | |
| III | mang | an | — | manakit → saktan |
| mang | in | — | mangilangan → kailanganin | |
| mang | ipang | — | manganak → ipanganak | |
| mang | pang-an | — | manalo → panalunan | |
| mang | pang-in | — | manood → panoorin | |
| mang | — | in | mamupo → pupuin | |
| mang | — | ma | manalo → matalo | |
| mang | — | pang-an | manghinayang → panghinayangan | |
| mang | ipang | pang-an | mangako → ipangako, pangakuan | |
| IV | ma | ipa | — | maligo → ipaligo |
| ma | ma-an | — | matuto → matutuhan | |
| ma | pa-an | — | makinig → pakinggan | |
| ma | — | an | maupo → upuan | |
| ma | — | ka-an | matakot → katakutan | |
| ma1 | — | pa-an | makisama → pakisamahan | |
| V | maka | ma | — | makakita → makita |
| maka | ma-an | — | makaramdam → maramdaman | |
Footnotes:
1Only for root words who have an inherent ki- when conjugated (e.g. (paki)alam, (pakiki)sama, (pakiki)bagay, etc.).
| Class | Trigger | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Actor | Benefactive1 | Causative | Locative | |
| I | um | i | ika, (i)2 | pag-an |
| II | mag | ipag | ikapag, ipag | pag-an |
| III | mang | ipang | ikapang, ipang | pang-an |
| IV | ma | — | ika | ka-an, (pag-an)3 |
| V | maka | — | — | ka-an |
Footnotes:
1Classes I-III can also form benefactive verbs with -an and pag- -an, but these are generally avoided in formal contexts.
2Generally avoided unless the cause is emphasized.
3Some Class IV verbs, particularly those which correspond with the ipa- object affix, use the locative pag- -an affix, instead of the ka- -an affix.
| Class | Form | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Actor direct | Actor indirect | Actor-secondary indirect | |
| I | um | magpa | pa-in |
| II | mag | magpa | papag-in |
| III | mang | (magpa)1 | papang-in |
| IV | ma | magpa | pa-in |
| V | maka | magpa | — |
Footnotes:
1Mang- verbs not derived from any um- or mag- verbs do not form actor indirect verbs.
| Form | ||
|---|---|---|
| Object/Directional direct | Object indirect | Directional indirect |
| in | ipa | pa-an |
| i | ipa | — |
| an | pa-an | pa-an |
| ma | ipa | — |
Footnotes:
Other object or directional affixes (e.g. pang- -an, ka- -an, etc.) do not form indirect verbs.
References
[edit]