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影

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
影 U+5F71, 影
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5F71
← 彰
[U+5F70] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 彲 →
[U+5F72]

Translingual

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Stroke order
15 strokes

Han character

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影 (Kangxi radical 59, 彡+12, 15 strokes, cangjie input 日火竹竹竹 (AFHHH), four-corner 62922, composition ⿰景彡)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 364, character 19
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10019
  • Dae Jaweon: page 684, character 5
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 857, character 4
  • Unihan data for U+5F71

Chinese

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simp. and trad.
 影
2nd round simp. 𢒈
alternative forms 蔭／荫 (Hokkien)

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 影
Jizhuan Guwen Yunhai (compiled in Song)
Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (京) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
涼 *ɡ·raŋ, *ɡ·raŋs, *ɡ·raŋs
凉 *ɡ·raŋ
椋 *ɡ·raŋ
綡 *ɡ·raŋ
輬 *ɡ·raŋ
諒 *ɡ·raŋs
掠 *ɡ·raŋs, *ɡ·raɡ
弶 *ɡaŋs
京 *kraŋ
麖 *kraŋ
鶁 *kraŋ
景 *kraŋʔ
鯨 *ɡraŋ
黥 *ɡraŋ
勍 *ɡraŋ
剠 *ɡraŋ
倞 *ɡraŋs
影 *qraŋʔ
璟 *qraŋʔ, *kʷraŋʔ
憬 *kʷraŋʔ
暻 *kʷraŋʔ
澋 *ɡʷraːŋʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *qraŋʔ) : phonetic 景 (OC *kraŋʔ) + semantic 彡. The original meaning is "shadow". The left component indicates both the pronunciation and the concept of image, hence the shadow is the ornament of something concrete or an ornament that shapes an image (e.g., on the ground).

Etymology

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Unclear. Various etymologies have been proposed:

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • yǐngr - “shadow; reflection; vague impression”.
Note:
  • jing2 - literary;
  • jeng2 - vernacular (rare).
Note:
  • yen2 - literary;
  • yiang2 - vernacular.
Note:
  • iang3 - vernacular;
  • in3 - literary.
Note:
  • ōng - vernacular;
  • īng - literary.
Note:
  • ia3/iaⁿ3 - vernacular;
  • ng3 - vernacular (limited, e.g. 樹影／树影);
  • ing3 - literary.
Note:
  • iáⁿ - vernacular;
  • ńg/ngh - vernacular (limited, e.g. 樹影／树影);
  • éng - literary.
Note:
  • o2 - vernacular;
  • ing2 - literary.
Rime
Character 影
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 影 (34)
Final (韻) 庚 (111)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 於丙切
Baxter 'jaengX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ʔˠiæŋX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ʔᵚiaŋX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ʔiaŋX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ʔiajŋX/
Li
Rong 		/ʔiɐŋX/
Wang
Li 		/ĭɐŋX/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/ʔi̯ɐŋX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		yǐng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		jing2
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 影
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		yǐng
Middle
Chinese 		‹ ʔjængX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*qraŋʔ/
English shadow (n.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 影
Reading # 1/1
No. 6837
Phonetic
component 		京
Rime
group 		陽
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		影
Old
Chinese 		/*qraŋʔ/
Notes 古作景，顏之推說葛洪字苑始加彡

Definitions

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影

  1. shadow
  2. image
  3. trace (of human presence); presence (of people or things); occurrence (of events)
  4. picture; photograph
  5. (chiefly in compounds) film; movie
    影視／影视  ―  yǐngshì  ―  film and television
    影星  ―  yǐngxīng  ―  movie star
  6. (Cantonese) to take (a picture or video)
  7. (Hokkien) shade
  8. (～母) (Chinese linguistics) the Middle Chinese initial of 影 (MC 'jaengX)

Synonyms

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  • (shadow):
Dialectal synonyms of 影子 (“shadow”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 影
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 影子
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 影子, 影兒
Taiwan 影子
Singapore 影子
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 影子, 影兒
Jiaoliao Mandarin Yantai (Muping) 影兒
Central Plains Mandarin Wanrong 影兒
Xi'an 影子, 影影兒
Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 影子, 影影子, 影影兒
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 影子
Wuhan 影子
Dagudi (Maliba) 影子
Reshuitang (Longling) 影子, 影影
Mae Salong (Lancang) 影子
Mae Sai (Tengchong) 影子
Jianghuai Mandarin Yangzhou 影子
Hefei 影子
Cantonese Guangzhou 影
Hong Kong 影
Yangjiang 影
Beihai 影子
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) 影子
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) 影子
Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) 影子
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 影
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 影
Móng Cái 影
Bangkok (Guangfu) 影
Gan Nanchang 影子
Lichuan 影仔
Hakka Meixian 影仔, 影
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 影仔
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 影仔
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 影, 影仔
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 影
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 影
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 影
Senai (Huiyang) 影
Bangkok (Jiexi) 影
Jin Taiyuan 影子, 影戶兒
Northern Min Jian'ou 影
Eastern Min Fuzhou 影
Southern Min Xiamen 影
Quanzhou 影
Zhangzhou 影
Taipei (Wanhua) 影
Kaohsiung 影
Yilan 影
Changhua (Lukang) 影
Taichung 影
Taichung (Wuqi) 影
Tainan 影
Taitung 影
Hsinchu 影
Penghu (Magong) 影
Manila (Hokkien) 影
Chaozhou 影
Shantou 影
Jieyang 影
Bangkok (Teochew) 影
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 影
Pontianak (Teochew) 影
Leizhou 影
Haikou 影
Puxian Min Xianyou 影
Wu Suzhou 影子
Hangzhou (Fuyang) 影子
Wenzhou 影
Xiang Changsha 影子
Xiangxiang 影子
Shuangfeng 影子
  • (picture):
Dialectal synonyms of 照片 (“photograph”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 照片, 相片
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 相片兒, 照片兒
Taiwan 相片
Chengde 相片兒
Chifeng 照片, 相片兒
Hulunbuir (Hailar) 相片兒
Heihe 照片, 相片兒
Qiqihar 照片, 相片
Harbin 照片兒, 相片兒
Jiamusi 照片, 相片
Baicheng 照片兒, 相片兒
Changchun 相片兒
Tonghua 相片兒
Shenyang 照片兒, 相片兒
Jinzhou 相片, 照片
Singapore 照片
Jilu Mandarin Tianjin 相片兒
Tangshan 照片, 相片兒
Cangzhou 照片兒, 相片兒
Baoding 相片兒
Shijiazhuang 相片兒
Lijin 照片兒, 相片兒
Jinan 相片, 照片, 相片兒, 照片兒
Jiaoliao Mandarin Dalian 相片兒
Dandong 照片, 相片兒
Yantai 相片兒
Qingdao 相片兒
Zhucheng 照片兒, 相片兒
Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 相片兒
Lingbao 相片兒
Jining 照片兒, 相片兒
Wanrong 相片兒
Linfen 相片兒
Yuanyang 照片, 相片
Zhengzhou 相片兒
Xinyang 相片兒
Baihe 相片兒, 照片兒
Xi'an 照片兒, 相片兒
Baoji 相片
Tianshui 照片, 相片
Xining 照片, 相片
Xuzhou 照片兒, 相片兒
Fuyang 照片, 相片兒
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 相片
Lanzhou 照片, 相片
Dunhuang 相片
Hami 照片, 相片
Ürümqi 相片, 相片子
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 照片兒, 相片兒, 相片
Nanchong 照片, 相片
Dazhou 相片
Hanyuan 相片
Xichang 照片, 相片
Zigong 照片, 相片兒
Chongqing 相片
Wuhan 照片, 相片子, 相片, 相
Yichang 照片, 相片
Xiangyang 照片, 相片
Tianmen 照片, 相片
Guiyang 相片
Zunyi 相片
Bijie 相片
Liping 相片
Zhaotong 相片
Dali 照片, 相片
Kunming 照片, 相片
Mengzi 相片
Guilin 相片
Liuzhou 照片, 相片
Jishou 照片, 相片
Changde 照片
Hanzhong 照片, 相片
Dagudi (Maliba) 相片
Reshuitang (Longling) 相片
Mae Salong (Lancang) 相片
Mae Sai (Tengchong) 相片
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 相片
Yangzhou 照片, 小照, 相片
Lianyungang 照片, 相片
Lianshui 相片
Nantong 照片, 相片
Anqing 照片, 相片
Wuhu 照片, 相片
Hefei 照片, 相片
Hong'an 照片, 相片, 相
Cantonese Guangzhou 相片, 相
Hong Kong 相
Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) 相
Taishan 相
Taishan (Guanghai) 相片, 相
Kaiping (Chikan) 相
Yangjiang 相
Rongxian 相片
Hepu (Lianzhou) 相片
Hepu (Shatian) 相片
Beihai 相片
Beihai (Nankang) 相片
Beihai (Yingpan) 相片
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) 相片
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) 相片
Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) 相片
Ipoh (Guangfu) 相
Singapore (Guangfu) 相片, 相
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 相片
Móng Cái 相片
Mandalay (Taishan) 相片
Bangkok (Guangfu) 相片
Betong (Rongxian) 相片
Gan Nanchang 相片, 相片子
Hakka Meixian 相片
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 相片
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 相片
Pingtung (Wuluo, Ligang; S. Sixian) 相片
Kaohsiung (Meinong; S. Sixian) 相片
Kaohsiung (Shanlin; S. Sixian) 相片
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 相片, 寫真
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 相片, 寫真
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 相片, 寫真
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 相片, 寫真, 寫真相
Hong Kong 相片
Huizhou Shexian 照片, 相片
Jin Taiyuan 相片, 相片子, 照相片
Yangyuan 照片兒, 相片兒
Datong 相片兒
Xinzhou 相片子
Lüliang (Lishi) 照片兒, 相片兒
Changzhi 照片兒, 相片兒
Linhe 照片, 相片
Jining 照片
Hohhot 相片兒
Erenhot 照片兒, 相片兒
Pingshan 相片兒
Zhangjiakou 照片兒
Handan 照片, 相片
Linzhou 相片
Suide 相片兒
Northern Min Jian'ou 相, 相片
Eastern Min Fuzhou 相, 相片
Matsu 相片
Southern Min Xiamen 像片, 相, 小影, 影
Quanzhou 像片, 影
Zhangzhou 影
Zhao'an 影相
New Taipei (Tamsui) 像, 相片
New Taipei (Pingxi) 相片
Kaohsiung 相片, 像
Kaohsiung (Cijin) 像
Kaohsiung (Dalinpu, Siaogang) 相
Yilan (Toucheng) 相片
Tainan (Anping) 相片
Penghu (Xiyu) 相
Penang (Hokkien) 小影
Singapore (Hokkien) 像
Manila (Hokkien) 像
Chaozhou 相
Shantou 相片, 相
Jieyang 小影, 相, 相片
Bangkok (Teochew) 相片
Chiang Mai (Teochew) 相
Hat Yai (Teochew) 小影, 相片
Singapore (Teochew) 像
Pontianak (Teochew) 相
Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) 相
Waxiang Guzhang (Gaofeng) 相片
Wu Shanghai 照相, 照片, 寫真
Suzhou 照, 照片
Wenzhou 照相
Xiang Changsha 相片子, 相片, 相
Shuangfeng 相片子, 相片
  • (to take (a picture)):

Compounds

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Descendants

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  • → Zhuang: ingj (“to take (a picture)”)

References

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Japanese

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Kanji

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影

(Jōyō kanji)

Readings

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  • Go-on: よう (yō)
  • Kan-on: えい (ei, Jōyō)
  • Kun: かげ (kage, 影, Jōyō)

Etymology 1

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Bound apophonic form of 影 (kaga).

Noun

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影(かが) • (kaga) 

  1. light
  2. a shape or form reflected in light
  3. a shadow
Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
影
かげ
Grade: S
kun'yomi

Unbound apophonic form of 影 (kaga).

From Old Japanese, ultimately from Proto-Japonic *kankay. Cognate with 陰 (kage, “shadow”).[1][2]

Pronunciation

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Noun

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影(かげ) • (kage) 

  1. shadow
    馬(うま)の影(かげ)
    uma no kage
    a shadow of a horse
  2. a shape or form reflected in light
  3. presence
    この町(まち)は影(かげ)が薄(うす)い。
    Kono machi wa kage ga usui.
    This town's presence is little.
  4. negative aspect
    高度(こうど)経済(けいざい)成長(せいちょう)の影(かげ)
    kōdo keizai seichō no kage
    the negative aspect of the high economic growth
  5. (historical, Kansai) a low ranked prostitute in the licensed quarters with a fee of two 匁 (momme)
    Synonyms: see Thesaurus:娼婦
    See also: 月 (gachi) and 汐 (shio)
Antonyms
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Derived terms
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Derived terms

Etymology 3

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Kanji in this term
影
えい
Grade: S
kan'on

From Middle Chinese 影 (MC 'jaengX).

The kan'on pronunciation, so likely a later borrowing.

Pronunciation

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Affix

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影(えい) • (ei) 

  1. shadow
  2. light
  3. a shape or form reflected in light
Derived terms
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Derived terms

Etymology 4

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Kanji in this term
影
よう
Grade: S
goon

From Middle Chinese 影 (MC 'jaengX).

The goon pronunciation, so likely the initial borrowing.

Pronunciation

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Affix

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影(よう) • (yō) 

  1. (rare) Alternative form of 影 (ei)

See also

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References

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  1. ^ “影・景”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
  2. ^ “影”, in デジタル大辞泉 [Digital Daijisen]‎[2] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, updated roughly every four months
  3. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  4. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

Korean

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Hanja

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影 (eumhun 그림자 영 (geurimja yeong))

  1. hanja form? of 영 (“shadow”)

Vietnamese

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Han character

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影: Hán Nôm readings: ảnh

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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