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影響

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 影响

Chinese

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picture; image; reflection
picture; image; reflection; shadow
 
to make a sound; to sound; to ring
to make a sound; to sound; to ring; (a measure word for sound); loud
 
trad. (影響) 影 響
simp. (影响) 影 响
2nd round simp. 𢒈响

Etymology

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Various senses stemmed from two literal meanings:

  • “Shadow and echo” (that closely follow a body or sound) > “to follow or respond swiftly” > “to imitate; to approximate”; “effect; influence”; “to affect; etc.;
  • “Shadow and sound” (from the presence of a person or animal) > “trace; trail” > “news; tidings; information”; “impression; outline”; “faint; vague” > “baseless”.

Pronunciation

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Rime
Character 影 響
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Initial (聲) 影 (34) 曉 (32)
Final (韻) 庚 (111) 陽 (105)
Tone (調) Rising (X) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) III III
Fanqie 於丙切 許兩切
Baxter 'jaengX xjangX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ʔˠiæŋX/ /hɨɐŋX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ʔᵚiaŋX/ /hiɐŋX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ʔiaŋX/ /xiɑŋX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ʔiajŋX/ /hɨaŋX/
Li
Rong 		/ʔiɐŋX/ /xiaŋX/
Wang
Li 		/ĭɐŋX/ /xĭaŋX/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/ʔi̯ɐŋX/ /xi̯aŋX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		yǐng xiǎng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		jing2 hoeng2
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 影 響
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		yǐng xiǎng
Middle
Chinese 		‹ ʔjængX › ‹ xjangX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*qraŋʔ/ /*qʰaŋʔ/
English shadow (n.) echo

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 影 響
Reading # 1/1 1/1
No. 6837 13599
Phonetic
component 		京 鄉
Rime
group 		陽 陽
Rime
subdivision 		0 0
Corresponding
MC rime 		影 響
Old
Chinese 		/*qraŋʔ/ /*qʰaŋʔ/
Notes 古作景，顏之推說葛洪字苑始加彡

Verb

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影響

  1. (figuratively) to have an effect on; to influence; to affect; to disturb
    離異家庭到底還是會影響到孩子。 [MSC, trad.]
    离异家庭到底还是会影响到孩子。 [MSC, simp.]
    Líyì jiātíng dàodǐ háishì huì yǐngxiǎng dào háizi. [Pinyin]
    Children from divorced families will be affected in the end.
    房客如果製造噪音而影響安寧，怎麼辦？ [MSC, trad.]
    房客如果制造噪音而影响安宁，怎么办？ [MSC, simp.]
    Fángkè rúguǒ zhìzào zàoyīn ér yǐngxiǎng ānníng, zěnmebàn? [Pinyin]
    What do you do if tenants create noise and affect the (area’s) tranquility?
  2. (literary, figuratively) to respond or follow swiftly
  3. (literary, figuratively) to coordinate (with each other); to collaborate; to echo
  4. (literary, figuratively) to approximate; to be similar to
  5. (literary, figuratively) to imitate; to emulate

Synonyms

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Derived terms

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Noun

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影響

  1. (figuratively) influence; effect; disturbance (Classifier: 股 m)
    巨大影響／巨大影响  ―  jùdà yǐngxiǎng  ―  tremendous influence
    擴大影響／扩大影响  ―  kuòdà yǐngxiǎng  ―  to extend influence
    產生影響／产生影响  ―  chǎnshēng yǐngxiǎng  ―  to extert influence
    影響空前／影响空前  ―  yǐngxiǎng kōngqián  ―  unprecedented effect
    深受……的影響／深受……的影响  ―  shēnshòu...... de yǐngxiǎng  ―  to be heavily influenced by...; to be deeply affected by...
    他在年輕人中間很有影響。 [MSC, trad.]
    他在年轻人中间很有影响。 [MSC, simp.]
    Tā zài niánqīngrén zhōngjiān hěn yǒu yǐngxiǎng. [Pinyin]
    He is very influential among young people.
  2. (literary, literally) shadow and echo
  3. (literary, literally) shadow and sound
  4. (literary, figuratively) trace; trail
  5. (literary, figuratively) news; tidings; information
  6. (literary, figuratively) impression; outline; rough idea

Synonyms

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Derived terms

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Adjective

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影響

  1. (literary, figuratively) faint; vague; indistinct; unclear
  2. (literary, figuratively) baseless; unfounded; unsubstantiated

Derived terms

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Japanese

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Kanji in this term
影 響
えい
Grade: S 		きょう
Grade: S
on'yomi
Alternative spelling
影響 (kyūjitai)

Pronunciation

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Noun

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影(えい)響(きょう) • (eikyō) 

  1. influence, effect
    • 1937, 甲賀三郎, ドイルを宗とす:
      多少(たしょう)の影響(えいきょう)を受(う)けているかも知(し)れぬ。
      Tashō no eikyō o ukete iru kamoshirenu.
      It may perchance be influenced to some degree.

Derived terms

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Verb

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影(えい)響(きょう)する • (eikyō suru) intransitive suru (stem 影(えい)響(きょう)し (eikyō shi), past 影(えい)響(きょう)した (eikyō shita))

  1. to influence, to have an effect upon
    • 1916, 和辻哲郎, ある思想家の手紙:
      親(おや)たちの顔(かお)に現(あら)われたこういう気持(きも)ちはすぐ子供(こども)に影響(えいきょう)しました。
      Oya-tachi no kao ni arawareta kō iu kimochi wa sugu kodomo ni eikyō shimashita.
      The feeling that showed on the parents' faces had an immediate effect on the children.

Conjugation

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Conjugation of "影響する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 影響し えいきょうし eikyō shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 影響し えいきょうし eikyō shi
Shūshikei ("terminal") 影響する えいきょうする eikyō suru
Rentaikei ("attributive") 影響する えいきょうする eikyō suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 影響すれ えいきょうすれ eikyō sure
Meireikei ("imperative") 影響せよ¹
影響しろ² 		えいきょうせよ¹
えいきょうしろ² 		eikyō seyo¹
eikyō shiro²
Key constructions
Passive 影響される えいきょうされる eikyō sareru
Causative 影響させる
影響さす 		えいきょうさせる
えいきょうさす 		eikyō saseru
eikyō sasu
Potential 影響できる えいきょうできる eikyō dekiru
Volitional 影響しよう えいきょうしよう eikyō shiyō
Negative 影響しない えいきょうしない eikyō shinai
Negative continuative 影響せず えいきょうせず eikyō sezu
Formal 影響します えいきょうします eikyō shimasu
Perfective 影響した えいきょうした eikyō shita
Conjunctive 影響して えいきょうして eikyō shite
Hypothetical conditional 影響すれば えいきょうすれば eikyō sureba
¹ Written imperative

² Spoken imperative

References

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  1. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
  2. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  • 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.

Korean

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Hanja in this term
影響

Noun

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影響 • (yeonghyang) (hangeul 영향)

  1. hanja form? of 영향 (“influence; effect”)

Vietnamese

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chữ Hán Nôm in this term
影響

Noun

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影響

  1. chữ Hán form of ảnh hưởng (“influence”).

Verb

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影響

  1. chữ Hán form of ảnh hưởng (“to influence”).
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